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Anatomy Lab Exercise 3 PowerPoint
- 2. Overview of the Cell Consist of: • Plasma (Cell) Membrane • Cytoplasm Plasma Membrane • Outer boundary of the cell • Cannot see on microscope • Composed of phospholipid bi-layer Cytoplasm • Inside the plasma membrane • Contains cytosol, cytoskeleton, organelles, and other cellular structures
- 4. Identify structures Mitochondria Powerhouse of the cell Converts energy into ATP Ribosomes Smallest of all organelles Produces proteins Rough endoplasmic reticulum Produces proteins for outside cell Smooth endoplasmic reticulum Produces lipid compounds
- 5. Identify structures cont… Golgi complex Post office of the cell Receives material from the endoplasmic reticulum and other parts of the cytoplasm Assembles large molecules and transports the material out of the cell via secretory vesicles Lysosomes Peroxisomes Lysosomes Phagocytosis Digest material with hydrolytic enzymes Peroxisomes Uses enzymes to convert hydrogen peroxide to water and oxygen
- 6. Nucleus Two major functions: Houses genetic information of the cell Control the various task of the cell Nuclear envelope Surrounds the nucleus Contains two lipid bi-layers Inner and outer nuclear membrane Many nuclear pores Allow movement of material Keeps the contents of the nucleus separate from the cytoplasm of the cell Nucleolus Makes ribosomes Protein-producing organelles in the cytoplasm of the cell
- 7. Other Cellular Components Cytoskeleton -Network of small filaments and tubules -Microtubules, microfilaments and intermediate filaments Microvilli -Small extensions of the plasma membrane -Increase surface area of the cell -Digestive and Urinary system Cilia (short) and Flagella (long) -Extend from the edges of the cell -Consist of bundles of microtubules -Covered by the plasma membrane -Aids in movement
- 8. The Cell Cycle Divided into three events: Interphase Mitosis Cytokinesis The cell spends most of the time in interphase
- 9. Interphase G(ap)1 phase Cell growth Producing organelles S(ynthesis)phase Duplication of DNA G(ap)2 phase Preparation for mitosis Continues to grow
- 10. Mitosis • 1. Prophase • 2. Metaphase • 3. Anaphase • 4. Telophase 4 phases of mitosis
- 12. Prophase First phase of Mitosis Occurs after interphase Chromatin condenses to form chromosomes Nuclear membrane disappears The nucleolus disappears
- 13. Metaphase Second phase of Mitosis Chromosomes are line up in the center of the cell Metaphase plate Ready to divide
- 14. Anaphase Third phase of Mitosis Chromosomes split Daughter chromosomes migrate to poles Each chromosome is pulled towards opposite ends Elongates the cell Nuclear membrane is reformed Chromosomes unwind to chomatin
- 15. Telophase Fourth phase of Mitosis Chromosomes arrive at opposite poles and begin to decondenese Nuclear envelope material surrounds each set of chromosomes
- 16. Cytokinesis The splitting of the cell’s cytoplasm into two parts Separate process Begins during late anaphase or early telophase Splits into two daughter cells Nucleolus reappears