The document summarizes the male external and internal reproductive organs. It describes the penis, scrotum, testes, duct system including the epididymis, ductus deferens, ejaculatory duct and urethra. It also discusses the process of spermatogenesis in the seminiferous tubules and sperm maturation in the epididymis. The accessory glands - prostate, seminal vesicles and bulbourethral glands are also described along with their secretions that combine to form semen.

1. By: Lilian B. Rosario, MD, FPPS

2. good morning !!

3. Objective: Identify structures, components, functions

4. DIAGRAM:

5. EXTERNAL GENITAL ORGANS

6. Penis:
3 cylindrical Cavernous bodies
(erectile tissue)
- 2 Corpora Cavernosa
Penis- dorsum area
- 1 Corpus spongiosum’:
median, ventral
- enlarged portion form
GLANS of Penis-
covered bv PREPUCE
- Its central portion
occupied by Spongy
Urethra (Penile;
Cavernous Urethra)

7. Penis:
 Tunica albuginea- dense collagenous CT, supplied by elastic elements;
binds the 3 cavernous bodies, forms
A capsule/body
 Flaccid Penis: T. Albuginea of corpora cavernous Penis
is 2 mm thick; But
Erect Penis: T. albuginea is 0.5 mm thin
External to T. albuginea: Hypodermis of the skin-
envelopes the penis; richly supplied with blood
vessels; but devoid of Fat cells
Skin of Penis: no hair follicles; limited sweat glands
Glands of Tyson: undersurface of the prepuce; proximal portion
of Glans of penis
- atypical sebaceous glands ( not associated with hair follicles)
- the secretions forms cheesy material ‘SMEGMA’

8. SCROTUM:

10. Internal Genital Organs: TESTES
- Produce male gametes:
spermatozoa
- Pair of oval bodies
lodged in the scrotum
- Each is 4-5 cm long, 3 cm
wide, weighs: 14 g

11. Testes:
 T.Albuginea: tough fibrous
capsule; dense irregular
CT; enclosed testes
 Mediastinum testis:
thickened T. albuginea;
blood& lymphatic v
enter/exit
 Ductuli efferentes: leave
the testis
 Septulae testis: CT septa
from T. albuginea,
incomplete division of
testis into” Lobuli testis”
 Seminiferous tubules:
highly coiled tubes; “
spermatogenesi”

12. Seminiferous tubules

13. Seminiferous tubules: SPERMATOGENESIS : 3 stages

15. SPERMIOGENESIS: 3 Phases
 Golgi Phase: golgi complex =
proacrosomal granules fused=
acrosomal vesicle; nucleus
condense; centrioles at the
opposite of a.v; then a.v
attached to one pole of nucleus
 Acrosomal phase: A.V forms
acrosome; flagellum formation;
cytoplasm migrates taking
mitochondria to form Middle
piece
 Maturation phase:
transfromation of spermatid to
spaermatozoon. Residual
cytoplasm is shed and
phagocytized by Sertoli cells
 ENDS : Spermiation- release of
spermatozoon into the fluid
filled lumen of Seminiferous
tubules.

16. Testes:
Spermatozoon: Head – elongated highly condensed
nucleus covered by acrosomal cap.
Acrosome: hydrolytic enzymes that during fertization,
enable spermatozoa to disperse the cells of Corona
radiata and digest Zona pellucida of mature oocyte.
Tail: neck; middle /pricipal/ end piece
Testicular lobules: division of testis by connective tissue
septa into 250 pyramidal compartments which contains
seminiferous tubules ( supported by CT stroma- highly
vascular reticular CT: scattered LEYDIG cells, reticular
cells, mesenchymal, macrophages
Interstitial Cells( of Leydig): produce TESTOSTERONE,
regulated by LH secreted by pituitary gland.
Large ovoid cells w/ distinct nucleus;
Crystal (of Reinke) in cytoplasm

17. Testes:
Seminiferous tubules: terminates at
mediastinus testis by becoming
cont w/ tubuli recti; outer fibrous
sheath w/ basal lamina :
Myoid Cells- resemble sm m cells,
contracts to propel spermatozoa
into the duct.
Inner strat epith basal lamina of
wall: has Gametes in various
stages; supporting cells: Sertoli
cells
Sertoli cells: tall cells w/ elongated
nucleus; near bases forms tight
junctions at interstitial lumen:
Blood- Testes Barrier.
- nutritional support, protection
for gametes; prod of fluids for
transport of spermatozoa
- prod INHBIN ; (-) feedback
effect to reduce FSH( increased
activity of SC) secretion

19. DUCTS of the Testis
Intratesticular Ducts:
Tubuli Recti
Rete Testis
Ductuli Efferentes
Extratesticular Ducts:
Epididymis & Ductus
epididymis
Ductus Deferens ( Vas
deferens)
Ejaculatory duct
Urethra

21. Intratesticular genital ducts:
Tubuli Recti (straight tubules)
- immediate cont. seminife
rous tubules; initial
segment: Sertoli cells w/o
gametes.
Rete Testis: network of
- anastomosing canals w/
irreg lumen at mediasti-
num testis where T.Recti
empty.
- canals lined: single layer
squamous/ cuboidal cells
on basal lamina
Ductuli Efferentes: 12- 20 fine tubules
penetrate T. albuginea: where R.Testis
drain
- leaving the testis becomes highly
totuos and merge to form single tube
Ductus epididymis

22. Extratesticular ducts: EPIDIDYMIS & DUCTUS EPIDIDYMIS
-C shaped structure, 7.5 cm
length, superior/ post of
testes
- Parts:
- Head- superior pole w/
- thin myoepithelium (distal portion
- ductuli efferentes + initial portion of
- ductus epididymis)
- - receives spermatozoa via
- efferent ducts; diluted
- sperm
- Body- posterior surface
- Tail- inferior pole of testis;
- - thicker myoepithelium
- - conc of sperm increased,
-contains blood v that supply the
ducts & CT that binds the coils of
ducts
-Ductus Epididymis: main component of Epi
didymis

23. Epididymis / Ductus epididymis
-Covered : 2 layered Pseudostrat
epith, separated by BM
surrounded by CT w/ sm. m
cells
-2 types of cells:
- PC: tall columnar cells at the
head w/c decreased in size along
ductus (cuboidal); apical
surfaces: + Stereocilia:
- Absorbs 90% of fluids from
Seminiferous t.
- BC: small pyramidal cells at basal
lamina between bases and PC=
precursors of PC (?)
Spermatozoa: 2-6 days in Ductus E;
leaves ductus w/ fully motile tail
but still has to undergo
CAPACITATION before it can
fertilize the ovum.

24. Extratesticular ducts: DUCTUS DEFERENS (Vas deferens)
* Fibromuscular tube; 45 cm long;
embedded in the Spermatic cord
frm ductus E- deep inguinal ring-
abdomino pelvic cavity
* 3 layers:
- inner Mucosa; epith (pseudostrat
w/ stereocilia)+
lamina propia (elastic f.)
- middle Muscularis: sm m fibers in
3 distinct layers
- Adventitia: outer fibrous has:
Blood v, lymphatic v and nerves
that supply the duct
• Ampulla: distal segment of Vas D
* Store & Carries sperm from
Epididymis to Ejaculatory duct

25. Extratesticular ducts: EJACULATORY Duct & URETHRA
Ejaculatory Duct: formed
by union of Ductus
Deferens w/ Duct of
Seminal Vesicle
- penetrates Prostate
gland to empty into post
part of Prostatic Urethra
Urethra: last segment of
the duct system both
reproductive and
urrinary systems

26. EJACULATORY DUCT
Simple columnar: lining
epithelium
Has NO muscular layer
Mucosa: surrounded by Fibro-
muscular tissue ( part of stroma
of prostate gland)

27. URETHRA
- 20 cms length:
- Prostatic urethra:
transitional epith; glands
of Littre ( tubo alveolar
mucus secreting )
- Membranous urethra:
pseudostrat columnar
- Spongy urethra:
pseudostrat col to non-
- Keratinized strat sq.

29. ACCESSORY GLANDS
Prostate gland
Seminal vesicles (paired)
Bulbourethral glands “Glands
of Cowper”
-combined secretions of the 3
glands: most volume of male
ejaculate (semen)
Prostate: 30% seminal volume
Seminal v: 60% volume
Bulbourethal: insignificant
amount ( drop or so)
-Semen= 2-5ml/ ejaculation
- = 20 t0 250 million spermatozoa
- Per ml ( 10% of the ejaculate)

30. Prostate Gland
- Largest; chest nut shaped gland
- Stroma: dense CT w/ rich
supply of Sm m fibers
“ fibromuscular organ”
- forms a capsule, a septa
divides into poorly
defined lobules
- Parenchyma: 3 groups of
Tubuloalveolar glands:
- main prostatic glands- bulk
- submucosal glands- inner 3rd
- mucosal glands- small,
surrounds urethra

31. Prostate gland: cont
Lining of the alveoli: mostly
simple columnar ; least simple
squamous, cuboidal, pseudo-
strat col
Lumen: lamellated concretions
“Corpora Amylacea”- has
glycoproteins & other subs,
deposited on cell fragments,
inc in size/ number: calcify
with age.
Secretions: alkaline fluid-
enzymes, fibrinolysin, prosta-
glandins, compound w/
antibiotic properties.

32. SEMINAL VESICLES
Paired saclike structures,
above prostate gland w/in
pelvis
Has capsulated highly coiled
narrow tube
Wall: Mucosa- branched
folds”maze”
Muscularis- sm.m f
circularly, longitudinally
arranged
Adventitia- CT
Secretions: Fructose ( energy
for spermatozoa), Pg,
fibrinogen.

33. Seminal vesicles:

34. BULBOURETHRAL GLANDS ( of COWPER)
Paired Pea sized yellowish
organs embedded in the
sphincter urethral m.,
posterolateral to membranous
urethra
Secretory units: capsulated with
CT
Tubulo-alveolar mucus glands
Lining of main secretory duct:
simple columnar
epithelium
Secretions: clear, viscous fluid
discharged shortly before
ejaculation
- helps lubricate the urethra for
easier passage of the
spermatozoa.

35. Thank You…..