This topic contains detailed description regarding Normal puerperium, it's definition, duration, phases, involution of uterus and other pelvic organs, lochia, general physiological changes of puerperium, lactation, management of normal puerperium, management of ailments and postnatal care.
Cephalopelvic disproportion (CPD) is a pregnancy complication that may interferes with vaginal delivery; making it dangerous or impossible and requires caeserean section.
This topic contains detailed description regarding Normal puerperium, it's definition, duration, phases, involution of uterus and other pelvic organs, lochia, general physiological changes of puerperium, lactation, management of normal puerperium, management of ailments and postnatal care.
Cephalopelvic disproportion (CPD) is a pregnancy complication that may interferes with vaginal delivery; making it dangerous or impossible and requires caeserean section.
Uterine fibroid (leiomyoma) and new treatment modalitiesMohammed Saadi
This presentation describes Uterine fibroid
Definition
Incidence
Etiology
Risk factors
Clinical manifestation
Red degeneration
Complications of fibroids
Management and the new modalities in treatment
Seminar presentation by student under supervision of endocrinology specialist from HRPZ. References as mentioned in the slides. Mostly from Malaysia CPG.
Ovarian tumors are abnormal growths on the ovaries, the female reproductive organs that produce eggs. Ovarian tumors can be noncancerous (benign) or cancerous (malignant). Many things can make you more likely to develop an ovarian tumor.
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
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Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
Here is the updated list of Top Best Ayurvedic medicine for Gas and Indigestion and those are Gas-O-Go Syp for Dyspepsia | Lavizyme Syrup for Acidity | Yumzyme Hepatoprotective Capsules etc
Local Advanced Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex Sys...Oleg Kshivets
Overall life span (LS) was 1671.7±1721.6 days and cumulative 5YS reached 62.4%, 10 years – 50.4%, 20 years – 44.6%. 94 LCP lived more than 5 years without cancer (LS=2958.6±1723.6 days), 22 – more than 10 years (LS=5571±1841.8 days). 67 LCP died because of LC (LS=471.9±344 days). AT significantly improved 5YS (68% vs. 53.7%) (P=0.028 by log-rank test). Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: N0-N12, T3-4, blood cell circuit, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells-CC and blood cells subpopulations), LC cell dynamics, recalcification time, heparin tolerance, prothrombin index, protein, AT, procedure type (P=0.000-0.031). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and N0-12 (rank=1), thrombocytes/CC (rank=2), segmented neutrophils/CC (3), eosinophils/CC (4), erythrocytes/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), stick neutrophils/CC (8), leucocytes/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (error=0.000; area under ROC curve=1.0).
Basavarajeeyam is a Sreshta Sangraha grantha (Compiled book ), written by Neelkanta kotturu Basavaraja Virachita. It contains 25 Prakaranas, First 24 Chapters related to Rogas& 25th to Rasadravyas.
DISSERTATION on NEW DRUG DISCOVERY AND DEVELOPMENT STAGES OF DRUG DISCOVERYNEHA GUPTA
The process of drug discovery and development is a complex and multi-step endeavor aimed at bringing new pharmaceutical drugs to market. It begins with identifying and validating a biological target, such as a protein, gene, or RNA, that is associated with a disease. This step involves understanding the target's role in the disease and confirming that modulating it can have therapeutic effects. The next stage, hit identification, employs high-throughput screening (HTS) and other methods to find compounds that interact with the target. Computational techniques may also be used to identify potential hits from large compound libraries.
Following hit identification, the hits are optimized to improve their efficacy, selectivity, and pharmacokinetic properties, resulting in lead compounds. These leads undergo further refinement to enhance their potency, reduce toxicity, and improve drug-like characteristics, creating drug candidates suitable for preclinical testing. In the preclinical development phase, drug candidates are tested in vitro (in cell cultures) and in vivo (in animal models) to evaluate their safety, efficacy, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics. Toxicology studies are conducted to assess potential risks.
Before clinical trials can begin, an Investigational New Drug (IND) application must be submitted to regulatory authorities. This application includes data from preclinical studies and plans for clinical trials. Clinical development involves human trials in three phases: Phase I tests the drug's safety and dosage in a small group of healthy volunteers, Phase II assesses the drug's efficacy and side effects in a larger group of patients with the target disease, and Phase III confirms the drug's efficacy and monitors adverse reactions in a large population, often compared to existing treatments.
After successful clinical trials, a New Drug Application (NDA) is submitted to regulatory authorities for approval, including all data from preclinical and clinical studies, as well as proposed labeling and manufacturing information. Regulatory authorities then review the NDA to ensure the drug is safe, effective, and of high quality, potentially requiring additional studies. Finally, after a drug is approved and marketed, it undergoes post-marketing surveillance, which includes continuous monitoring for long-term safety and effectiveness, pharmacovigilance, and reporting of any adverse effects.
ABDOMINAL TRAUMA in pediatrics part one.drhasanrajab
Abdominal trauma in pediatrics refers to injuries or damage to the abdominal organs in children. It can occur due to various causes such as falls, motor vehicle accidents, sports-related injuries, and physical abuse. Children are more vulnerable to abdominal trauma due to their unique anatomical and physiological characteristics. Signs and symptoms include abdominal pain, tenderness, distension, vomiting, and signs of shock. Diagnosis involves physical examination, imaging studies, and laboratory tests. Management depends on the severity and may involve conservative treatment or surgical intervention. Prevention is crucial in reducing the incidence of abdominal trauma in children.
2. DEFINITION
A uterine fibroid is a [non cancerous] tumor that
originates from the smooth muscle layer and the
accompanying connective tissue of the uterus.
Fibroids develop with the
uterine wall or attach to it .
They may grow as a single tumor
or in clusters.
3. ETIOLOGY
Etiology is not clear.
Chromosomal abnormality.
Reasons for occurrence of the fibroids.
Epidermal growth factor.
4. TYPES
1. Interstitial or Intramural Fibroids :
These are the most common type and are
located within the wall of the uterus
2. Subperitoneal or Subserosal fibroids
:these are located underneath the mucosal
surface of the uterus and can become very
large
3. Sub mucosal Fibroids : these are located
in the muscle beneath the endometrium of
the uterus
4. Cervical Fibroids : these are rare ,fibroids
are located in the wall of the cervix ( neck of
the uterus ) depending upon position it my
be anterior posterior lateral or central
5.
6. CLINICAL FEATURES
They grow slowly
Fibroids may be single or multiple
menstrual abnormalities such as menorrhagia or metrorrhagia
Dysmenorrhoea associated with pelvic congestion or endometriosis
Abnormal gynecologic hemorrhage heavy or painful periods abnormal
discomfort or bloating
Menstrual bleeding pelvic pain and frequent urination
Pain during intercourse depending on the location of the fibroids
Infertility can be a major completed
Defecation backache
Painful urinary frequency or retention
During pregnancy case of miscarriage bleeding premature labor
Pressure on the rectum resulting in constipation
Pelvic pressure feeling full in the lower abdomen lower abdominal pain
Pressure on the bladder
7. MANAGEMENT
EXPECTANT MANAGEMENT
Expectant management is followed in the cases where fibroid is
asymptomatic
Lesion can be managed expectantly depending on the
symptomatology and presence of related condition
Thus most cases of fibroids are managed by watchful waiting
which include periodic sonographic assessment.
MEDICAL MANAGEMENT
Drug therapy is mainly given to minimize blood loss as there is a
lot of blood loss due to excessive vaginal bleeding
Progesterone such as norethistrone acetate or
medroxyprogestrone acetate is administered periodically from day
5 of the cycle for 20 days.
Prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors are given to receive pain
Antifibronylitics such as tranexamic acis is given to reduce blood
loss
Danazole can minimize the volume of the fibroids slightly
8. SURGERY
Hysterectomy or myomectomy in which
only the fibroids is removed
Myomectomy
Hysterectomy
Laproscopy
Hysterectomy
9. OVARIAN CYST
DEF:- collection of fluid surround by a
very thin wall within an ovary an ovarian
cyst can very in size as it can be small
as per larger then an orange
Ovarian cyst affect women of all ages
Ovarian cyst can be functional non
neoplastic or benign cyst
10. FUNCTIONAL CYST
An functional cyst are not related with any disease
these type cyst occur during ovulation and are part
of the normal process of the menstruation the cyst
can be treated
FOLICULAR CYST OF OVARY
it is the commonest functional cyst it can be due to
more secretion of oestrogen
LUTEAN CYST
These cyst are usually caused due to excessive secretion
of chorionic gonadotrophin hormone
These are mostly bilateral
11. NON FUNTIONAL CYST
Deroid cyst:- In around 15-20 % it is a
bilateral tumor
Teeth and bones are found in this area
Mucinous cyst adenoma :- bilateral tumor is
found in around 10% of total cases. It
accounts for around 20-25% of all ovarian
tumors if not treated it can be of a big size it is
the largest benign ovarian tumor.
Serous cyst adenoma:- this tumor accounts
for about 40% of all tumors it can be bilateral
in around 40% cases it is of smaller size as
compared to mucinous cyst.
12. SIGN AND SYMPTOMS
Mostly the tumor is asymptomaties defected accidentally
Dull aching or severe swelling and sharp pain the lower
abdomen
Fullness pressure swelling or bloating in the abdomen
Heaviness in the lower abdomen
Breast tenderness pitting edema of legs
Irregular periods or abnormal uterine bleeding or spotting
Weight gain
Nausea and vomiting
Headache
Fatigue
Infertility
On palpation it freely mobile from side to side but restricted
from above down
On bimanual examination a grow can be felt between the
uterus and the mass
The lower pole of the cyst can be felt through the fornix
13. INVESTIGATION
Sonography
Abdominal x-ray
Laproscopy
Cystology and laparotomy
DIAGNOSIS-
Ovarian cyst usually diagnosed by
either ultrasound and CT scan
14. TREATMENT
Treatment for cyst depends on the size cyst and
symptoms
Most of the cyst are benign in nature
To minimize complication surgery may be indicated
In young ovarian lystectomy is performed leaving
behind the healthy ovarian tissue
For big tumors ovariotomy is performed
Total hysterectomy bilateral salpingo ophorectomy
is done in the parous women above 40% pain
caused by ovarian cyst may be treated with pain
relievers
A heating pad or hot water bottle applied to the
lower abdominal near the ovarious can relaxed
tones muscles and lesion discomfort and stimulate
circulation and healing in then ovaries
In every case the tumor must sent for histological
examination