The document defines cyber space as the global computer network formed by interconnected human beings through computers and telecommunications without physical boundaries. It originated in the 1960s when artists used computers creatively. Cyber space faces threats like cybercrime, hacking, cyber terrorism, and cyber espionage. Solutions include strong passwords, firewalls, and updated antivirus software. Advantages are unlimited communication, abundant information, easy sharing, and online services. Disadvantages include software and data vulnerabilities, privacy issues, remote access risks, lack of geographical boundaries enabling crime.

1. Cyber space
Submitted by :- Adithiya Pillai
Submitted to :- Dinesh Kamble

2. Content…
 Definition of cyber space
 Origin of cyber space
 Threat to cyber space
 Solution for threats
 Advantages of cyber space
 Disadvantages of cyber space

3. Definition of cyber space
 Cyber space refer to the virtual computer world, and more specially is an
electronic medium used to form a global computer to facilitate online
communication.
 It is large computer network made up by many worldwide computer networks
that employ TCP IP protocol to aid in communication and data exchange
activities.
 In effect , cyber space can be thought of as the interconnection of human
begins through computers and telecommunication, without regard of physical
geography.

4. Origin of cyber space
 The tern cyber space fist appeared in the visual art in the late 1960s,
when Danish artist Susanne Ussing (1940-1998)and her partner
architect Carsten Hoff constituted themselves as a atelier cyberspace.
Atelier cyberspace worked at a time when the internet did not exist
and computers were more or less off-limit to artists and creative
engagement.

5. Threats In cyber space
 Cyber crime
 Hacking
 Cyber terrorism
 Cyber espionage

6. 1.Cyber crime
cybercrime is defined as a crime in which a computer is the
object of the crime or is used as a tool to commit an
offense.
Examples – hacking , phishing, spamming , hate crimes etc
2.Hacking
Hacking is the act of breaking into a computer system for a
politically or socially motivated purpose. The individual who
perform an act of hacking is said to be hacker. It can also be
said as unauthorized excess over a system.

7. 3. Cyber terrorism
Cyber terrorism is the use of internet based attacks in
terrorist activities , including acts of deliberate , large scale
disruption of computer networks especially of personal
computers attached to the internet by the means of tools
such as computer.
4. cyber espionage
Unauthorized spying by computer. The term generally refer
to the development of viruses that clandestinely observe or
destroy data in the computer system of government agencies
and large enterprises

8. Solution for threats
 Use different user idpassword combination for different accounts and
avoid writing them down.
 make the password more complicated by combining letters ,
numbers, special characters( minimum 10 characters in total) an
change them on regular basis.
 Firewalls are the first line of cyber defense ; they block connections
to unknown or bogus sites and will keep out some types of viruses and
hackers.
 Prevent viruses from infecting our computer by installing and regularly
updating anti-virus software.

9. Advantage of cyber space
 Unlimited communication
 Abundant information and resources
 Easy sharing
 Online services and e-commerce

10. 1.Unlimited communication
The internet has made it easy for people to communicate with other
because it is cheap and convenient. As such people are able to share
their thought and views on matters affecting the globe. The internet acts
as common global platform where people explore ideologies and
cultures without limitation.
2. Abundant information and resources
the internet is swamped with information about anything and everything.
There are multiple searches engines that have made it easier for internet
users to find information. For example it is now common for people to
look for free advice from the internet on all sorts of issues

11. 3.Easy sharing
Internet sharing information is fast and seamless. We can use
social media sites such as Facebook or an IM app for sharing
information , they will all get the news at the same time. We can
also share music, videos, and any other files.
4.Online services and E-commerce
Today it is possible to carry out financial transactions online. We
can transfer funds, pay taxes and utility bills or book movie tickets
over the internet in the comfort of our office or the home.

12. Disadvantages of cyber space
 Software vulnerabilities
 Data vulnerabilities
 Interruption of privacy
 Remote access
 Crosses all geographical boundaries
 Assists crime