The document discusses cyber security threats to the US power grid. It notes that the power grid consists of over 300,000 km of transmission lines operated by 500 companies. Cyber attacks on critical infrastructure like the power grid are increasing in frequency and sophistication, which could have severe consequences. For example, a DDoS attack costing just $40 could overwhelm network links and cause a blackout. The document also provides examples of past cyber attacks on energy systems like Stuxnet and the 2015 attack on Ukraine's power grid that left 700,000 residents without electricity for 7 hours.
Cybersecurity for Smart Grids: Vulnerabilities and Strategies to Provide Cybe...Leonardo ENERGY
This Cybersecurity webinar addresses issues of importance to executive, technical, and academic professionals involved with managing and protecting Electric Utilities and Smart Grids. Cyber threats and vulnerabilities, including cyber attacks, will be addressed; as well as Smart Grid trends, and privacy and data integrity issues. United States, European, and International organizations and initiatives to address cybersecurity for utilities will be discussed. The webinar will conclude with strategies to improve cybersecurity. A second cybersecurity webinar (programmed in September 2017) will address best practices, case studies, and legal and regulatory constraints for architecting smart grids in a secure way.
Cause: A software defect in a control room.
Restoration: Some customers after 6 hours, some after 2 days, some remote places after nearly a week.
Consequences (among other):
•45M people in 8 US states
•10M people in Canada
•Healthcare facilities experienced $100M lost revenue
•6 hospitals bankrupt one year after
This presentation gives an introduction to security of smart grid and reviews the most important related guidelines like NISTIR 7628 and IEEE 2030. At the final section, it reviews the US cyber security program for the energy sector as a case study.
Cybersecurity for Smart Grids: Vulnerabilities and Strategies to Provide Cybe...Leonardo ENERGY
This Cybersecurity webinar addresses issues of importance to executive, technical, and academic professionals involved with managing and protecting Electric Utilities and Smart Grids. Cyber threats and vulnerabilities, including cyber attacks, will be addressed; as well as Smart Grid trends, and privacy and data integrity issues. United States, European, and International organizations and initiatives to address cybersecurity for utilities will be discussed. The webinar will conclude with strategies to improve cybersecurity. A second cybersecurity webinar (programmed in September 2017) will address best practices, case studies, and legal and regulatory constraints for architecting smart grids in a secure way.
Cause: A software defect in a control room.
Restoration: Some customers after 6 hours, some after 2 days, some remote places after nearly a week.
Consequences (among other):
•45M people in 8 US states
•10M people in Canada
•Healthcare facilities experienced $100M lost revenue
•6 hospitals bankrupt one year after
This presentation gives an introduction to security of smart grid and reviews the most important related guidelines like NISTIR 7628 and IEEE 2030. At the final section, it reviews the US cyber security program for the energy sector as a case study.
seminar on SMART GRID is the best seminar of my branch
technology based on smart to integration of information technology on traditional power system
It may be best to understood Smart Grid as the overlaying of a unified communications and control system on the existing power delivery infrastructure to provide the right information to the right entity (e.g. end-use devices, transmission and distribution, system controls, customers, etc.) at the right time to take the right action. It is a system that optimizes power supply and delivery, minimizes losses, is self-healing, and enables next-generation energy efficiency and demand response applications.
To have connections between suppliers, distributors and consumers.
In definition, Smart Grid is a form of electricity network utilizing digital technology.
Its delivers electricity from suppliers to consumers using two-way digital communications to control appliances at consumers' homes; which in deed will saving the energy, reduce costs and increase reliability.
A key feature of the smart grid is automation technology that lets the utility adjust and control each individual device or millions of devices from a central location.
A Smart Grid must functions as followings
1. Be able to heal itself
Smart Grid is designed with a control system that self-analyzes its performance using intelligent autonomous reinforcement learning controllers that are able to learn new strategies and successfully implementing such strategies to govern the behavior of the grid in the face of an ever changing environment such as equipment failures.
2. Motivate consumers to actively participate in operations of the grid
If consumers have freedom to control own usage of energy, they will be motivated to participate and be part of the system. They can monitor their usage and manipulate by the assistance of “smart appliances” and “intelligent equipment” in homes or businesses. Advanced communications capabilities equip customers with tools to exploit real-time electricity pricing, incentive-based load reduction signals, or emergency load reduction signals.
3. Resist attack
Most important issues of resist attack is the smart monitoring of power grids, which is the basis of control and management of smart grids to avoid or mitigate the system-wide disruptions like blackouts.
4. Accommodate all energy generation and storage options
Smart Grid integrates two power generation source; traditional power generation likes fossil fuel powered power plant with renewable power generations either generates from residential, commercial, and industrial customers that will improves reliability and power quality, reduces electricity costs, and offers more customer choice.
5. High quality power
Outages and power quality issues is common for any country especially for major industrial-based countries. Smart Grid provides more stable power provided that will reduce downtime and prevent such high losses because of
Application-layer distributed denial-of-service attacks have become a
serious threat to modern high-speed computer networks and systems. Unlike networklayer
attacks, application-layer attacks can be performed using legitimate requests
from legitimately connected network machines that make these attacks undetectable
by signature-based intrusion detection systems. Moreover, the attacks may utilize
protocols that encrypt the data of network connections in the application layer, making
it even harder to detect an attacker’s activity without decrypting users’ network
traffic, and therefore violating their privacy. In this paper, we present a method that
allows us to detect various application-layer denial-of-service attacks against a computer
network in a timely fashion. We focus on detection of the attacks that utilize
encrypted protocols by applying an anomaly-detection-based approach to statistics
extracted from network packets. Since network traffic decryption can violate ethical
norms and regulations on privacy, the detection method proposed analyzes network
traffic without its decryption. Themethod involves construction of a model of normal
user behavior by analyzing conversations between a web server and its clients. The
construction algorithm is self-adaptive and allows one to update the model every
time a new portion of network traffic data becomes available for analysis. Once the
model has been built, it can be applied to detect various application-layer types of
denial-of-service attacks, including slow attacks, computational attacks, and more
advanced attacks imitating normal web user behavior. The proposed technique is
evaluated with realistic end user network traffic generated in our virtual network
environment. Evaluation results show that these attacks can be properly detected,
while the number of false alarms remains very low.
this slide shows what is smart grid ,its comparison between the electromechanical grids . smart meters and devises for the smart grid . benefit of smart grid . and a conclution
This slide presents an introduction to microgrid. This is the second class for the subject 'Distribution Generation and Smart Grid'. Class wise I will provide all the discussions and analysis.
The presented lectures are related to the Distribution generation and smart grid. Further,suggestions are highly welcomed for the modifications of the lecture.
These slides present the possibility of cloud computing application to smart grid. Later other technologies like IOT and bigdata applications will be discussed.
In microgrid, if fault occurs or any other contingency happens, then the problems would be created which are related to power flow, also there are various protection schemes are used for minimize or eliminate these problems.
Voltage control is used for reactive power balance and P-f control is used for active power control.
Various protection schemes such as, over current protection, differential protection scheme, zoning of network in adaptive protection scheme are used in microgrid system .
These slides presents on introduction to energy storage devices. Later of the class the modelling and control aspects are also going to be presented in some other slides.
The cyber criminal community has evolved from pranksters, lone wolves, and organized
gangs to nation-states and hacktivist groups whose primary results have been increased
costs and lost productivity. As enterprises and governments connect literally everything to
the Internet, the size of their attack surface has grown, opening more opportunities for
cyber criminals. Many of their current exploits are going unnoticed.
seminar on SMART GRID is the best seminar of my branch
technology based on smart to integration of information technology on traditional power system
It may be best to understood Smart Grid as the overlaying of a unified communications and control system on the existing power delivery infrastructure to provide the right information to the right entity (e.g. end-use devices, transmission and distribution, system controls, customers, etc.) at the right time to take the right action. It is a system that optimizes power supply and delivery, minimizes losses, is self-healing, and enables next-generation energy efficiency and demand response applications.
To have connections between suppliers, distributors and consumers.
In definition, Smart Grid is a form of electricity network utilizing digital technology.
Its delivers electricity from suppliers to consumers using two-way digital communications to control appliances at consumers' homes; which in deed will saving the energy, reduce costs and increase reliability.
A key feature of the smart grid is automation technology that lets the utility adjust and control each individual device or millions of devices from a central location.
A Smart Grid must functions as followings
1. Be able to heal itself
Smart Grid is designed with a control system that self-analyzes its performance using intelligent autonomous reinforcement learning controllers that are able to learn new strategies and successfully implementing such strategies to govern the behavior of the grid in the face of an ever changing environment such as equipment failures.
2. Motivate consumers to actively participate in operations of the grid
If consumers have freedom to control own usage of energy, they will be motivated to participate and be part of the system. They can monitor their usage and manipulate by the assistance of “smart appliances” and “intelligent equipment” in homes or businesses. Advanced communications capabilities equip customers with tools to exploit real-time electricity pricing, incentive-based load reduction signals, or emergency load reduction signals.
3. Resist attack
Most important issues of resist attack is the smart monitoring of power grids, which is the basis of control and management of smart grids to avoid or mitigate the system-wide disruptions like blackouts.
4. Accommodate all energy generation and storage options
Smart Grid integrates two power generation source; traditional power generation likes fossil fuel powered power plant with renewable power generations either generates from residential, commercial, and industrial customers that will improves reliability and power quality, reduces electricity costs, and offers more customer choice.
5. High quality power
Outages and power quality issues is common for any country especially for major industrial-based countries. Smart Grid provides more stable power provided that will reduce downtime and prevent such high losses because of
Application-layer distributed denial-of-service attacks have become a
serious threat to modern high-speed computer networks and systems. Unlike networklayer
attacks, application-layer attacks can be performed using legitimate requests
from legitimately connected network machines that make these attacks undetectable
by signature-based intrusion detection systems. Moreover, the attacks may utilize
protocols that encrypt the data of network connections in the application layer, making
it even harder to detect an attacker’s activity without decrypting users’ network
traffic, and therefore violating their privacy. In this paper, we present a method that
allows us to detect various application-layer denial-of-service attacks against a computer
network in a timely fashion. We focus on detection of the attacks that utilize
encrypted protocols by applying an anomaly-detection-based approach to statistics
extracted from network packets. Since network traffic decryption can violate ethical
norms and regulations on privacy, the detection method proposed analyzes network
traffic without its decryption. Themethod involves construction of a model of normal
user behavior by analyzing conversations between a web server and its clients. The
construction algorithm is self-adaptive and allows one to update the model every
time a new portion of network traffic data becomes available for analysis. Once the
model has been built, it can be applied to detect various application-layer types of
denial-of-service attacks, including slow attacks, computational attacks, and more
advanced attacks imitating normal web user behavior. The proposed technique is
evaluated with realistic end user network traffic generated in our virtual network
environment. Evaluation results show that these attacks can be properly detected,
while the number of false alarms remains very low.
this slide shows what is smart grid ,its comparison between the electromechanical grids . smart meters and devises for the smart grid . benefit of smart grid . and a conclution
This slide presents an introduction to microgrid. This is the second class for the subject 'Distribution Generation and Smart Grid'. Class wise I will provide all the discussions and analysis.
The presented lectures are related to the Distribution generation and smart grid. Further,suggestions are highly welcomed for the modifications of the lecture.
These slides present the possibility of cloud computing application to smart grid. Later other technologies like IOT and bigdata applications will be discussed.
In microgrid, if fault occurs or any other contingency happens, then the problems would be created which are related to power flow, also there are various protection schemes are used for minimize or eliminate these problems.
Voltage control is used for reactive power balance and P-f control is used for active power control.
Various protection schemes such as, over current protection, differential protection scheme, zoning of network in adaptive protection scheme are used in microgrid system .
These slides presents on introduction to energy storage devices. Later of the class the modelling and control aspects are also going to be presented in some other slides.
The cyber criminal community has evolved from pranksters, lone wolves, and organized
gangs to nation-states and hacktivist groups whose primary results have been increased
costs and lost productivity. As enterprises and governments connect literally everything to
the Internet, the size of their attack surface has grown, opening more opportunities for
cyber criminals. Many of their current exploits are going unnoticed.
Overview about smart grid projects in Brazil and how the security requiments have been considered in R&D projects. Results related to a smart metering security assessment project are presented.
Paper Presentation - "Your Botnet is my Botnet : Analysis of a Botnet Takeover"Jishnu Pradeep
Presentation based on Paper titled: "Your botnet is my botnet: Analysis of a botnet takeover". The original authors are Brett Stone-Gross, Marco Cova, Lorenzo Cavallaro, Bob Gilbert, Martin Szydlowski,
Richard Kemmerer, Christopher Kruegel, and Giovanni Vigna.
61850easy Test Tool for IEC 61850 Networks & SystemsGE Grid Solutions
61850easy is an IEC 61850 Test Tool solution that allows users to monitor, diagnose, troubleshoot and simulate messages over an IEC 61850 network. 61850easy, as a vendor independent tool, addresses inherent protocol complexities and simplifies them into an understandable and easy to use format for all users.
Cloud computing is rapidly emerging due to the provisioning of elastic, flexible, and on demand storage and computing services for customers. The data is usually encrypted before storing to the cloud. The access control, key management, encryption, and decryption processes are handled by the customers to ensure data security. A single key shared between all group members will result in the access of past data to a newly joining member. The aforesaid situation violates the confidentiality and the principle of least privilege.
Until recently, Cyber attacks were aimed at Service Providers and Enterprises. The agenda was mostly
economic – to hurt customers and ruin reputations. An infrastructure with such vulnerability also places their
customers’ valuable data at risk. Today, the situation is even more severe. Critical infrastructures are now the
preferred target for cyber terrorists who want to wage war within the comfort of their homes. If not addressed
properly, the massive increase in such attacks will reach new peaks, with catastrophic consequences.
Cybersecurity Considerations for Power Substation SCADA Systems Using IEC 618...Power System Operation
Because of recent cyber-attacks and threats against power utilities, cybersecurity continues to increase in importance and be on the minds of substation design engineers.
One major concern for power distribution utilities is “ensuring that all communication protocols performing control functions and data acquisition for substations are properly secured. With IEC-61850 being one of the most widely used communications protocols by utilities today, particularly in distribution automation (DA),” increases the need for greater security in communication protocols. [1]
IEC-61850 is also becoming the preferred standard for substation design and operations due to the common framework and object-oriented design for point names as well as the increased performance and lower lifecycle cost of SCADA systems utilizing the methodology and protocols. This paper will discuss major vulnerabilities and cybersecurity considerations that require proper analysis when designing and implementing a secure IEC-61850 standard-based SCADA system within a power substation. However, this paper will not discuss implementation methods or provide implementation concepts.
India is now Exceeding Demand of Power adopting more and More Value Addition Equipment's and Building and Other Infrastructure Like Road Transportation Electric Vehicles 2/3/4 and Heavy Fleet Transportation .
These requirement demand More Power ,Clean and Un-trip Power ,Decentralize of Power Distribution also taking care Environment Pollution Free Solar PV Power ,Wind Power and High Energy Storage Battery Systems .
We have to develop separate Power Distribution EV Charging Infrastructure as per Government promotion and Subsidy for EV Charging Utilization of Power Demand .
We should also do installation Power Transformer supply 800V-1000V AC along with Panels and Battery Storage in all Commercial Charging Station in Highways and Parking Place because power demand will be more than 2 MW if Consider Buses, Car and Other Fleet Transportation .
Our Telecom Infra should be more Strengthen to support these network to help to monitor and Payment Gateway.
Diesel Generators are already BAN in India for Commercial Activities only allow in emergency place like Hospitals and advisory issued to adopt High Energy Power Storage System which can be delivery power in absence of grid for longer duration as per storage of Power and easy to charge when grid is available with lower tariff.
We all have to use maximum Electronic Gadgets help to reduce your working staff and easy to protect , Monitoring ,Control and Access Remotely .
Installation of Networking ,CCTV ,Fire Alarm ,Access Control and other Security System is become mandatory along with Electrical Safety (Earthing .Lightning and Surge Protection).
We have to ensure Cable Installation , Routing and Jointing as per recommendation and monitor periodical with lodge history work done in record.
Maximum Failure Reported found Negligence and Over Sight and Temporary action to resolve problem in break down by Maintenance TEAM.
We have also complaint with all power distribution companies who's duty to ensure 24X7 Power to consumers in the Building and Other infra Dilute major Safety and playing with Human Lives witness many accidents .
Every Fire accidents in Buildings reported Short Circuit how this will be possible when we design all this consideration in the Projects .
This is only increasing Load with out considering safety and Building encroachments extending building near by HT Power Cables mounted on Poles for Power Distribution.
Link Vue System having experience in Electrical Safety ,Automation, Building Automation , Networking, CCTV, Fire Alarm ,Access Control ,Security Systems, PIDS , Industrial Plug and Sockets and Free Electrical Connectors for Building Wiring.
Plz send inquiry , contact us for webinar presentation.
Mahesh Chandra Manav M-9811247237 manav.chandra@linkvuesystem.com
CYBER SECURITY TRANDS FOR FUTURE SMART GRID SYSTEMSGeorge Wainblat
SUMMARY - Current power grids increasingly emerging into smart networked grids and are more accessible from the public internet which poses new cyber threats in the grid. More computer based systems are introduced into power networks in order to monitor and control the network. Future model smart grid and micro grid systems will be based on data flows for communication of system status, usage and control throughout the network infrastructure in addition to the power flow. This creates new security threats on the power grid. Instead of relying mainly on power plants for power generation, there will be a combination of multiple generation sources and at the same time wider use of electrical computer based equipment by consumers. Both increase the amount of data flows in the network as well as introduce additional vulnerable spots. Vulnerability of the power grid to cyber-attacks increases even more because of the wide use of SCADA networks. SCADA networks are more accessible to the internet and lack authentication and authorization mechanisms therefore expose the grid to threats such as DDOS, Data interception, Data alteration and additional hacking threats.
The transition from present to future model has already begun and rapidly growing while it already poses new security challenges which must be attended immediately. It is essential to introduce immediately a single comprehensive security solution which will provide fast detection and prevention tools to cope with a variety of threats with different nature and from multiple sources. The solution should not be tightly coupled with each device in the network so it won’t require upgrade of the devices inside the grid.
The Cyber defense solution should be versatile using variety of cyber technologies such as Firewalls, anomaly detection, Big Data analytics, machine learning and more in a network wise combination.
Recommended Solutions to Major Security Challenges Facing OT & IT Personnel w...Power System Operation
The electric power industry has come a long way since the 1900s, with respect to evolving from legacy analog devices to new and advanced digital technologies. “Today, microprocessor devices used by power utilities have advanced into smarter and more intelligent devices, known as intelligent electronic devices (IEDs). These IEDs aid power operators, technicians, and engineers in better decision making, offering more tools for controlling and monitoring power flow that can perform routine maintenance testing via remote control and automated functions. IEDs can detect and protect against various power fault and system disturbance scenarios along with providing power flow waveforms, metering data, and supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) functionality.” [1]
As power control systems and operational technology (OT) systems continue to progress so does their dependence on information technology (IT) systems for communications and enterprise network connectivity. The OT world of SCADA and control systems for power substations continues to evolve with more influence, products and services from the IT world. The need for a unified cyber/physical security approach within the smart substation environment that protects the overall goal of safely delivering electric power to customers is not only a laudable goal, but an absolute requirement as the two traditional OT and IT environments start to become a single solution. The OT and IT convergence are a reality due to the integrated and complex computing e.g. networking and communications taking place within OT environments. This paper reviews some of the major security challenges facing OT and IT convergence with power utilities, particularly within smart grid (SG) and smart substation environments. Also, recommendations are provided for implementing and maintaining proper security controls in the new combined OT/IT environment.
Running head: SMART GRID 1
SMART GRID 2
SMART GRID 1
CSIA 459: Evaluating Emerging Technologies
Technology Review #2: Emerging Application of Technology in a Critical Infrastructure
Annotated Bibliography for Smart Grid
11/25/2018
Introduction
The Smart Grid is the evolution of our current electric grid, using new technologies to optimize power conservation and delivery. The “Grid” refers to the electric grid, a network of transmission lines, substations, transformers and more that supply our homes or businesses with electricity from the power plant. The digital technology that enables two - way communication between the utility and its customers and the transmission line sensing is what makes the grid smart. Like the Internet, the Smart Grid consist of controls, computers, automation and new technologies and equipment working together, but in this case, these technologies work with the electrical grid to meet our rapidly changing electrical demand digitally. The Smart Grid is a unique opportunity to transform the energy industry into a new era of efficiency, affordability and reliability that will add value to our society.
Today, the demand for power continues to grow rapidly using more electronic devices than ever before and the current electrical system is outdated and totally depends on equipment nearing the end of its lifetime of use. Smart grids update this infrastructure to ensure that safety issues are addressed, and power is consistently delivered and that the system is managed competently. Without intelligent grid improvements, the old system, which is already close to capacity, will not be able to meet the future challenges. Cybersecurity solutions for critical energy infrastructure are essential in order to deliver reliable energy. In today's increasingly connected world, where cyber threats are highly sophisticated, it is unwise to think that energy supply systems are isolated or immune from compromise, but the Smart grid offers so many fundamental changes in human intelligence, prevention, management and recovery that, despite the introduction of new vulnerabilities, it essentially makes the electrical system safer.
Annotated Bibliography for Smart Grid
1. Pesesky, J. L. (2016). The vulnerabilities of the advanced metering infrastructure in the smart grid (Order No. 10154802). Available from ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global. (1836799165). Retrieved from http://ezproxy.umuc.edu/login?url=https://search-proquest-com.ezproxy.umuc.edu/docview/1836799165?accountid=14580
Justine Pesesky in his dissertation, talks about how the intelligent grid uses innovative technology to improve the experience of the consumer. The intelligent grid features allow intelligent appliances and smart meters to transmit information wirelessly to electrical utilities, and how the confident.
Smart Grid Systems Based Survey on Cyber Security IssuesjournalBEEI
The future power system will be an innovative administration of existing power grids, which is called smart grid. Above all, the application of advanced communication and computing tools is going to significantly improve the productivity and consistency of smart grid systems with renewable energy resources. Together with the topographies of the smart grid, cyber security appears as a serious concern since a huge number of automatic devices are linked through communication networks. Cyber attacks on those devices had a direct influence on the reliability of extensive infrastructure of the power system. In this survey, several published works related to smart grid system vulnerabilities, potential intentional attacks, and suggested countermeasures for these threats have been investigated.
CRASHOVERRIDE Analysis of the Threat to Electric Grid Operations. Cyber-attac...Muhammad FAHAD
Dragos, Inc. was notified by the Slovak anti-virus firm ESET of an ICS tailored malware on June 8th, 2017. The Dragos team was able to use this notification to find samples of the malware, identify new functionality and impact scenarios, and confirm that this was the malware employed in the December 17th, 2016 cyber-attack on the Kiev, Ukraine transmission substation which resulted in electric grid operations impact. This report serves as an industry report to inform the electric sector and security community of the potential implications of this malware and the appropriate details to have a nuanced discussion
Supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) are applications that collect data from a system in order to automate the monitoring and controlling of its activities. Several industrial fields such as, electric utilities, water supplies and buildings’ facilities have already adopted SCADA systems to increase the efficiency and reduce cost. However, the IT community is concerned about the level of security that any applied SCADA system provides. This paper concentrates on the major security threats encountered in SCADA systems. In addition, it discusses a new proposed methodology in order to increase the system security with minimal impact on efficiency. The proposed scheme provides several security services which are mutual authentication, confidentiality, data integrity and accountability.
Supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) are applications that collect data from a system in order to automate the monitoring and controlling of its activities. Several industrial fields such as, electric utilities, water supplies and buildings' facilities have already adopted SCADA systems to increase the efficiency and reduce cost. However, the IT community is concerned about the level of security that any applied SCADA system provides. This paper concentrates on the major security threats encountered in SCADA systems. In addition, it discusses a new proposed methodology in order to increase the system security with minimal impact on efficiency. The proposed scheme provides several security services which are mutual authentication, confidentiality, data integrity and accountability.
Yugo Neumorni - prezentare - Cyber Security Trends 2020Business Days
President CIO Council, is Board member and Chairman of the Cybersecurity Council of the pan European association EuroCIO. He is also the president of CIO Council Romania, member of BCS Elite, former IT&C Director for Hidroelectrica, the Romanian power generation leader and the major supplier of ancillary services required in the Romanian National Energy System. Actually Yugo is CISO of Urgent Cargus.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
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2. The US Power Grid
An electrical grid is an interconnected network for
delivering electricity from suppliers to consumers.
The U.S. power transmission grid consists of about
300,000 km (186,411 mi) of lines operated by
approximately 500 companies.
American homes, industries, and businesses are
deeply dependent on reliable electricity, so threats to
the consistent delivery of electricity put modern life
itself at risk.
3. Threats to the Power Grid
Protecting the nation’s electricity grid from attacks is a critical
national security issue.
Cyber attacks on key energy infrastructure—and on the electricity
system in particular—are increasing, both in frequency and
sophistication. These trends are alarming because the potential
consequences of a successful large-scale cyber attack.
4. Cyber attacks in Power Grids
Infecting industrial systems, such as power grids, with malware is so simple that
there are 5-minute YouTube tutorials on how to do it. By overwhelming network
links with traffic in a DDoS attack, Internet users or cyber-terrorists can and
have removed the ability of utilities to communicate with their own electrical
grids, effectively causing a blackout.
The estimated price for 24 hours of consistent DDoS attack is a mere $40, making
such attacks available to pretty much anybody.
What makes this attacks worse? Difficult to spot, even when they are happening
5. Results in a ‘nightmare scenario’
Stores closed. Cell service fails. Broadband Internet is compromised.
Hospitals are operating on generators, but rapidly running out of fuel.
Water supply will be hit.
Commerce would be brought to a standstill.
Transport and Communication lines disrupted.
Crimes will surge.
The geopolitical fallout could be even worse.
RESULT: Complete Chaos!
The scenario isn’t completely hypothetical.
6.
7. Vulnerabilities
The power grid is controlled by more than just a panel of
digital buttons.
Grid operation depends on control systems—called
Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition (SCADA)—that
monitor and control the physical infrastructure.
The U.S. electrical grid is decentralized network owned by
numerous local operators.
Any smart meters connected to the internet can be easily
exploited.
The U.S. power grid is full of seams that can be exploited
by hackers.
8. Examples of Cyber Attacks on Energy
Systems
Stuxnet (worm): It gained attention for the damage it caused at a nuclear facility in
Iran.
Aurora: The planned cyber attack on a generator control system led to the
destruction of the generator and a fire.
Slammer (SQL Server worm): The worm disabled a safety-monitoring system for
several hours and led to a temporary failure of a nuclear power plant’s process
computer.
Shamoon (virus): The national oil company of Saudi Arabia, Aramco, reported in
2012 that this was responsible for damaging about 30,000 computers in an effort to
disrupt energy and oil production.
9. Attack on Ukrainian Power Grid
Took place on 23 December 2015 and is a considered to
be the first known successful cyber attack on a power
grid.
Hackers were able to successfully compromise
information systems of three energy distribution
companies in Ukraine and temporary disrupt electricity
supply.
They took out 60 substations leaving 700,000 residents in
the dark. This attack was relatively short-lived (7 hours)
and benign. The next one might not be.
10. Steps involved:
Prior compromise of corporate networks using spear-fishing emails with
BlackEnergy malware.
Seizing SCADA under control, remotely switching substations off.
Disabling IT infrastructure components(UPS, Modem).
Destruction of files stored on servers and workstations with the KillDisk malware.
Denial-of-service attack on call-center to deny consumers up-to-date information
on the blackout.
11. BlackEnergy3 and KillDisk Malwares
What is it? BlackEnergy is a Trojan malware designed to launch
DDoS attacks, download custom spam, and banking information-
stealer plugins.
Function: BlackEnergy malware was known to have been used to
deliver KillDisk, a feature that could render systems unusable and
could obliterate critical components on an infected system.
Who is responsible? The Ukraine attack has been attributed
to Sandworm, a Russian cyber espionage group known to have
been harassing Ukrainian officials.
Editor's Notes
Every single home, industry and business depends greatly on electricity and any sort of disruption to the power grid would put modern life at risk.
Out of all the threats faced by the power grid including weather, Cyberattacks are the ones to watch out for. It is increasing in both frequency and sophistication.
By overwhelming network links with traffic in a DDOS attack, cyber terrorists can disable power grids causing blackouts.
Any disruption to power grids would result in a nightmare scenario where all communication and transportation lines will be affected bringing life to a standstill.
Moreover, with the advent of smart grid systems,
Blackouts such as this, shown in Watchdogs, would not just exist in games, but also in everyday life.
All the generating plants and substations are connected to a control center through a public network. Attacks are mainly launched through these decentralized networks. Even the IOT smart meters connected to internet become an easy target.
Examples of a few cyber attacks launched against energy systems.
World’s first power outage caused by hackers.
They successfully managed to compromise information systems of 3 energy distribution companies to disrupt electricity in Ukraine, leaving 700,000 residents in the dark for 7 hours.
Spear phishing is an e-mail spoofing fraud attempt that targets a specific organization, seeking unauthorized access to confidential data.
Consumers were denied information about the blackout.
Blackenergy is a trojan malware that launches a DDOS attack to deliver killdisk malware which in turn destroys files on information systems. A Russian group of hackers called Sandworm has been claimed to be responsible for this attack.