The document compares the objective model of curriculum design used in the United States to the Ban Chiao model used in Taiwan. The objective model has 7 steps including diagnosing needs, drafting objectives, choosing content, and deciding evaluation targets. It aims to develop student behavior and carefully manages objectives. The Ban Chiao model aims to help students develop good attitudes and become lifelong learners and good citizens. It considers editorial basis, subject composition, and total objectives. Both models have advantages like flexibility but also limitations like unrealistic objectives that are difficult to implement. Good curriculum design is important for preparing students.
SCIENTIFIC MODELS OF CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT RALPH TYLER AND HILDA TABASANA FATIMA
SCIENTIFIC MODELS OF CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT RALPH TYLER AND HILDA TABA:(In detail)
Two famous scientific models of curriculum development are given by Ralph Tyler known as The Tyler model and Hilda Taba known as The Taba model.
THE TYLER MODEL: FOUR BASIC PRINCIPLES:
• Tyler’s model is one of the best known, technical scientific models.
• The Tyler model is often referred to as the “objective model” because of its objective approach to educational evaluation. It emphasizes consistency among objectives, learning experiences, and outcomes.
• In l949 Tyler published Basic Principles of Curriculum and Instruction , in which he outlined a rationale for examining the problems of curriculum and instruction.
• He mentioned that those involved in curriculum inquiry must try to define the
1) PURPOSES OF THE SCHOOL:
(2) EDUCATIONAL EXPERIENCES RELATED TO THE PURPOSES
(3) ORGANIZATION OF THE EXPERIENCES
(4) EVALUATION OF THE PURPOSES
THE TABA MODEL: GRASS- ROOTS RATIONALE:
Taba noted seven major steps to her grass roots model in which teachers would have major input:
1) DIAGNOSIS OF NEEDS
2) FORMULATION OF OBJECTIVES:
3) SELECTION OF CONTENT
4) ORGANIZATION OF CONTENT:
5) SELECTION OF LEARNING EXPERIENCES:
6) ORGANIZATION OF LEARNING ACTIVITIES:
7) EVALUATION AND MEANS OF EVALUATION:
APPLICATION OF THE MODEL:
John Goodlad's Contribution to American Curriculumferdametric
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the relevance of taba and tyler models in multicultural societies like Botswana,South Africa...indigenous factors leading to the failures of such models
SCIENTIFIC MODELS OF CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT RALPH TYLER AND HILDA TABASANA FATIMA
SCIENTIFIC MODELS OF CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT RALPH TYLER AND HILDA TABA:(In detail)
Two famous scientific models of curriculum development are given by Ralph Tyler known as The Tyler model and Hilda Taba known as The Taba model.
THE TYLER MODEL: FOUR BASIC PRINCIPLES:
• Tyler’s model is one of the best known, technical scientific models.
• The Tyler model is often referred to as the “objective model” because of its objective approach to educational evaluation. It emphasizes consistency among objectives, learning experiences, and outcomes.
• In l949 Tyler published Basic Principles of Curriculum and Instruction , in which he outlined a rationale for examining the problems of curriculum and instruction.
• He mentioned that those involved in curriculum inquiry must try to define the
1) PURPOSES OF THE SCHOOL:
(2) EDUCATIONAL EXPERIENCES RELATED TO THE PURPOSES
(3) ORGANIZATION OF THE EXPERIENCES
(4) EVALUATION OF THE PURPOSES
THE TABA MODEL: GRASS- ROOTS RATIONALE:
Taba noted seven major steps to her grass roots model in which teachers would have major input:
1) DIAGNOSIS OF NEEDS
2) FORMULATION OF OBJECTIVES:
3) SELECTION OF CONTENT
4) ORGANIZATION OF CONTENT:
5) SELECTION OF LEARNING EXPERIENCES:
6) ORGANIZATION OF LEARNING ACTIVITIES:
7) EVALUATION AND MEANS OF EVALUATION:
APPLICATION OF THE MODEL:
John Goodlad's Contribution to American Curriculumferdametric
A historical perspective detailing John Goodlad's contributions. Eventually, he authored an award winning book in support of education called "A Place Called School" in 1984.
the relevance of taba and tyler models in multicultural societies like Botswana,South Africa...indigenous factors leading to the failures of such models
The Tyler Model Is:
One Of The Best Known Models For Curriculum Development.
Known For The Special Attention It Gives To The Planning Phases.
Deductive For It Proceeds From The General (Examining The Needs Of Society,) To The Specific (Specifying Instructional Objectives).
Tyler Recommends That Curriculum Planners Identify General Objectives By Gathering Data From Three Sources:
1) The Learners
2) Contemporary Life Outside The School
3) Subject Matter. • After Identifying Numerous General Objectives, The Planners Refine Them By Filtering Them Through Two Screens:
1. The Philosophical Screen 2. The Psychological Screen
Determine The School’s Purposes (Objectives)
2. Identify Educational Experiences Related To Purpose
3. Organize The Experiences
4. Evaluate The Purposes
A model is a three-dimensional representation of a person or thing or of a proposed structure, typically on a smaller scale than the original:"a model of St. Paul's Cathedral“
A Model is a pattern of something to be made or reproduced and means of transferring a relationship `or process from its real (actual) setting to one which it can be more conveniently studied.
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2. Before to compare
• In this continuously innovative century, school
education plays a much more important role
than ever before (Lai & Lin, 2004). To survive
in the fast changing business environment,
each school must be able to cultivate wellprepared students who can meet the intensive
global competition.
• Therefore, curriculum planning has become an
important issue for school administrative.
4. United States
Objective Model
• This model has several contributions by
different authors, curriculum theorists,
curriculum reformers and professors; this is a
combination thoughts by them. Based on
these contributions, they got a final objective
model, this was the Taba’s contribution.
5. Taba’s Contribution
• Hilda Taba added by pointing out seven steps
of curriculum design and development. Those
seven steps are diagnosing needs, drafting
objective, choosing content, organizing
content, choosing learning experience,
organizing learning experience, and deciding
the target and means of evaluation.
6. The Pros and Cons of Objective Model
Advantages
• First, this model aimed at
developing students'
behavior as the target
goal of teaching.
• it has the function of
carefully managing
objectives.
• it is easy to find the
suitability of subject’s
content, activity, and
teaching methods based
on the objective
evaluation.
• the steps in the Objective
model’s application are
exact and logical, and
thus, easily followed.
7. Disadvantages
• Behavioral objectives
have many advantages
if applied to curriculum
design, but they have
some limitations on
execution.
• the limitations of
choices of objectives.
8. Taiwan
Ban Chiao Model
• The goal of Ban Chiao Model is to help
children to develop good attitudes, behaviors,
and habits in their lives to carry into the future
as the basis for adapting to current society,
carrying out good national morals and ethics,
becoming the active life-long learners, and
being good citizens in their future.
9. For a clear understanding of the Ban Chiao
Model, they take into account three aspects
(Huang, 2000; Owe, 1998):
• Editorial basis
• Subject composition
• Total Objective
11. The Pros and Cons of Ban Chiao
Model
Advantages
• Its contents and
materials show the
conceptualization,
spirituality, flexibility,
and diversity needed in
elementary schools.
12. Disadvantages
• As these objectives
show, the ideal of this
curriculum is somewhat
unrealistic and
idealistic. Therefore, it
easily becomes difficult
to implement.
• It cannot show its own
unique character since
it is somewhat similar
to other models.
• Ban Chiao model puts
its highest emphasis on
the basis of social
science, it should define
its educational goals
based on the
fundamentals of social
science.
13. Conclusions
• Developing curriculum materials creates an
opportunity for teachers to learn within their
daily routine or develop strategies for
standards-based, integrated instruction.
• Good educational programmes have a wellplanned curriculum.