This document discusses steel space frame roof structures. It provides examples of space frame structures including the Biosphere 2 in Arizona and Houston Astrodome in Texas. It then discusses types of space frame roofs based on curvature and number of grid layers. The key components of space frame structures are described including different node and connector types. Construction methods like element erection and lift-up are presented. Case studies of the Eden Project in England and Shah Alam Sports Complex in Malaysia are summarized, highlighting their design and unique space frame structures.

1. BACHELOR OF QUANTITY SURVEYING
(HONS)
CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY III
[BLD 60304]
STEEL SPACE FRAME ROOF
Presented by:
ERIC WEE
LIM XIAO SHI
LOH WEI TING
MELVIN TAN
Lecturer:
IR CHAI VOON CHIET0329601
0324410
0328314
0323938

2. Climber dome

3. SPACE FRAME
International Association for Shell and
Spatial Structures (IASS) :
a structural system, where linear elements are
assembled in a way that loads are transferred
in a three-dimensional manner

4. SPACE FRAME
Truss-like
Lightweight
Rigid
Interlocking
struts

5. Use of Application
Biosphere 2, Arizona
Houston Astrodome,
Texas
Stadium Negara, Kuala
Lumpur
Shah Alam Sports
Complex
Heydar Aliyev
Cultural Centre
London Stansted
Airport

6. Type – curvature
Flat covers Barrel vault Spherical
dome

7. Type – number of grid layers
Single layer Double layer Triple layer

8. Frame components
Mero KK node
Heydar Aliyev Cultural Centre

9. Frame components
Octatube node connector
Hemispherical dome connector
Triodetric connector
Multi hinge ‘nodeless’

10. Erection method
Element or Block erection Lift – upScaffold

11. CASE STUDIES
Cornwall,
England
Shah Alam,
Malaysia
SHAH ALAM SPORTS
COMPLEX
EDEN PROJECT

12. EDEN PROJECT
Multiple Greenhouse Complex
Size: 23,000 square metre/
247,480 square feet
Construction time: 2 ½ years
Completion: March 2001
Cost: then £86 million
Design team:
Architect: Nicholas Grimshaw
Structural Engineer: Anthony
Hunt and Associates
Main Contractor: McAlpine
Joint Venture

13. soap bubbles
clayey quarry

14. Geodesic dome
A braced dome in which the
elements forming the network are
lying on the great circle of a sphere

16. Thickness
Why hexagonal?
Strength
Size
Surface

17. Double layer geodesic dome
HEX-net
TRI-HEX-net

18. NODES & TUBES
Top chord
Mero NK Bowl Node
- Cast iron (GGG40) and
galvanized
- Weight about 80kg
- Diameter of 400mm
- CHS tube diameter of 193.7mm
- Ends are cut rectangular and fixed to nodes
- High pre-stressed bolts (M27 & M36) used
to connect beams to bowl nodes
- Bolt M16 fix beam in right position &
transfer torsional moments
Top chord beams

19. NODES & TUBES
Bottom chord & diagonals
Mero NK Bowl Node
- CHS tube diameter
between 76.1mm and
168.3mm

20. ERECTION METHOD
STEP 1: Set-up of birdcage scaffolding of 60
metres high and 125 metres

21. ERECTION METHOD
STEP 2: Hexagons were put together on ground and then lifted up
by mobile crane and tower cranes on larger domes in the HTB,
starting from dome A of HTB to dome H of WTB.

22. ERECTION METHOD
STEP 3 Bolting of hexagon structure

23. Ethyltetrafluoroethylene
Movie: Die Another Day

24. SHAH ALAM SPORTS COMPLEX

25. SHAH ALAM SPORTS COMPLEX
Design team
Owner: State Government of
Selangor
Architect: Hijjaz Kasturi Associates
Sdn.Bhd
German firms of Weidleplan and
Consulting GmbH, and Schlaich,
Bergermann and Partners
Size: 155,000 sq ft
Capacity: 80,000 people
Construction cost: RM480 million
Construction begin: 1st January
1990
Construction time: 4 years

26. SHAH ALAM SPORTS COMPLEX
Double Layer Barrel
Vault

27. Geometry

28. Support

29. Double layer barrel vault

30. Connectors

31. Erection method

32. THANK YOU!!!