This document provides an overview of the history and components of the Internet. It discusses how ARPAnet in 1969 connected 4 computers and led to the development of the World Wide Web by Tim Berners-Lee in 1989. It describes the growth of Internet users from 1% of the world population in 1995 to over 40% today. Key components covered include browsers, URLs, IP addresses, protocols, and HTML. The document concludes with a discussion of content management systems used to create websites.

1. S
CSC 103
Using the Internet

2. Definition
 The Internet
The interconnected network
of computer networks.

3. History
 ARPA (1969)
Advanced Research Projects Agency.
4 computers connected: UCLA,
Stanford Research Institute,
Cal - Santa Barbara, University of Utah

4. History
 ARPAnet
Originally limited to Government,
Research, Education – until the ban on
commercial use lifted 1991.

5. Innovator…
 Tim Berners-Lee
Research Scientist at CERN (Switzerland)
utilized hyperlinks to view research
papers. Used HTML (Hypertext Markup
Language) to create World Wide Web in
@1989–1991. Current Director of W3C.

6. First Browser
Mosaic (1993)
 Created by students at NCSA (National
Center for Supercomputer Applications).
 First browser to display text and images
inline.
 Later became Netscape (Mozilla group)
which became modern-day Firefox.

7. Early Internet
Mid-Late 90’s Growth
 AOL (America Online), CompuServe and
Prodigy were early low-cost Internet
Providers.
 Primarily Dial-up Modem Connection, then
DSL and later Broadband: Cable, FiOS.

8. Growth - Mid-90’s
 1995
Less than 1% of world population had
internet connections.
44 million users
Source: InternetLiveStats.com

9. Growth - Today
 2019
57% of world population (40% in 2016)
now has internet connection.
4.3 billion users
Source: www.internetworldstats.com/

10. Client/Server Model
 Web Server (host)
S Receives requests from a client using
HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol)
to serve up a web page
S Commercial Hosting Providers include:
GoDaddy, HostGator, BlueHost, eHost, etc.

11. Client/Server Model
 Web Client (user)
S Client/User connected to Internet using a
browser (Chrome, Firefox, Edge, IE, Safari)
S Requests web pages from a server using
HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol)

12. Web Browsers
 Internet Explorer/Edge(MS)
 Safari (Apple)
 Firefox (Mozilla)
 Chrome (Google)

13. What do Web Browsers do?
 Web Browsers…
S Interpret HTML Markup Code
into formatted web pages
S Web pages use HTML, CSS
and JavaScript

14. IP Addresses/DNS
 IP Addresses
S 255.255.255.255
S 173.194.116.72
 DNS – Domain Name System
S Translates 173.194.116.72
S to Google.com

15. Internet Protocols
 Email
S Incoming (POP, IMAP)
S Outgoing (SMTP)
 HTTP - Hypertext Transfer
 FTP - File Transfer (upload files to server)
 TCP/IP - Transfer Control, Internet

16. URLs/Domain Names
https://mywarren.warren.edu/ICS/
Protocol Domain
Top-level DomainSub Domain
Directory
(Folder)

17. Email
 Email Client
S MS Outlook – Saves to local Computer
 Webmail – Web-based
S Gmail, Yahoo, Hotmail, etc.
S Available from any computer/device
S Most common delivery today

18. Web 2.0
 Actively creating, sharing and
collaborating on web content
 Social Media, Wiki’s, Blogs,
Podcasts & Webcasts

19. HTML
 Stands for:
Hypertext Markup Language
 Combines text, hyperlinks, images
and media
 Basic text surrounded by “markup” tags.
 Elements have <opening> and </closing>
tags to indicate beginning and end.

20. HTML Basic Structure
DTD (DOCTYPE Declaration
HTML Element (Opening tag)
Closing HTML tag
Head Element
Closing Head Tag
Page Title
Meta Element

21. HTML - CSS – JavaScript
.html .css .js
 HTML – Provides Content, Structure and
Hierarchy (importance/organization) of
information
 CSS – Cascading Style Sheets provides
layout, design & formatting
 JavaScript – Adds Behavior capabilities:
Show/hide content, control windows,
validate forms, create slideshows, etc.

22. Creating HTML Pages
 HTML can be written in a basic text editor
like NotePad or TextEdit (Mac).
 or a dedicated code editor like VS Code,
Atom, Brackets, NotePad++,
TextWrangler, Komodo Edit,
or Sublime Text.
 or Adobe Dreamweaver* or a template-
based editor that does the coding for you.
*Part of Adobe Creative Suite or Creative Cloud – not free.

23. Web CMS’s
 Content Management Systems…
are hosted in the cloud, utilize databases,
themes and an online administrative
dashboard. Systems vary in their power,
extensibility and flexibility.
 WordPress, Joomla, Drupal and
beginner based systems, like Wix,
Squarespace & Weebly.
*Part of Adobe Creative Suite or Creative Cloud – not free.

24. Creating HTML Pages
 We will create a basic HTML page with
CSS and some JavaScript.
 We will use an online
HTML/CSS/JavaScript Editor
to write and preview code called
CodePen (similar to Trinket)