- Climate-smart agriculture is presented as a guideline for successful agriculture in Tanzania. - Agriculture is the mainstay of Tanzania's economy, employing most citizens and contributing most to food production, but smallholder farmers are experiencing impacts of climate change. - The guideline provides climate-smart practices and technologies for different agricultural zones to help farmers build resilience to climate change through adaptation and mitigation. - Roles for government, NGOs, private sector, and farmers are outlined to implement and scale up climate-smart agriculture through approaches like training, partnerships, and demonstration projects.

1. CLIMATE-SMART AGRICULTURE GUIDELINE
“A ladder to successful agriculture in Tanzania”
Presented By: Theresia Massoy
Senior Livestock Officer
Ministry of Agriculture Livestock and Fisheries – Tanzania
Presented in Side event @ COP22,EU Pavilion
Marrakech
tmassoi@yahoo.com

2. INTRODUCTION
• Agriculture is the mainstay of Tanzanian’s
economy.
• Employs 77.5 per cent of the population
• Contributes about 95 percent of the national
food requirements (ACRP, 2014).
• Diverse agro-ecological/agro-climatic
conditions and landscapes
• Rain fed Agriculture (Bimodal/Unimodal)
• Smallholder farmers (0.2 to 2.0 ha farm size)
are the majority and currently experiencing
CC impacts
Hence the need build resilience of the food
system under increased CC&V

3. Why need guideline?
Diversity
• AECZ
• ACZ
• Livelihood system
• Farming system
1. INTRODUCTION
– Climate Change Impacts on Agriculture
– Agriculture Impacts on Climate Change
– Adaptation and Mitigation in Agriculture
– Climate-Smart Agriculture
– Gender, Youth and Climate-smart Agriculture
– Policy and Legal Context
2. OBJECTIVES AND METHODOLOGY
3. CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION STRATEGIES, CSA
PRACTICES AND TECHNOLOGIES
– Climate Change Impacts and Farmers Adaptation
Strategies
– CSA Practices and Technologies
4. ROLES AND APPROACHES FOR CSA IMPLEMENTATION
AND UP-SCALING
– Approaches
– Challenges for Implementationand Up-scaling
5. RECOMMENDATIONS
– Capacity Building Needs
– Key Requirements for Implementationand up-
scaling CSA
– Monitoring and Evaluation Plan
6. CONCLUSIONS

4. CC Impacts on Agriculture
11/14/2016

5. Agriculture Impacts on Climate Change
• Land use changes (deforestation-Logging, agricultural activities +
crop & Livestock)
• Key emitters: forestry-deforestation (biomass burning 48%), and
agriculture, primarily from livestock (CH4 from enteric fermentation
18% and others (N2O) from manure left on pasture, burning
savannah and cropland

6. The need for Adaptation and Mitigation
• Adaptation (highest priority in TZ)
• Mitigation (efficiency on inputs & promoting best
agronomic practices and technologies, feeding and
manure management in Livestock, forest cover)Co-
benefit
Need to have gender sensitive strategies aiming at
adapting to CC and reducing its impacts through
research, awareness raising, advocacy,
mobilization and empowerment of most
vulnerable communities
ØHENCE ! CSA part of the solution.......

7. Why gender sensitive in CSA?
Because:
• Gender is pertinent to CSA hence the need to
integrate gender in CSA technologies and
practices
• Climate-smart T&P have substantial and
highly context-specific implications for gender
roles.
• Gender roles influence and drive the
adoption of CSA technologies and practices.

8. Policy and Legal context
• URT has put in place sectoral policies,
Legislations, strategies and plans to enhance
agricultural growth, natural resource
management and CC interventions through CSA.
• NAP-2013
• ACRP-2014-2019
• TZ-CSA programme
• Plant Breeders Rights
• Fertiliser Act
• TAFSIP

9. CSA???
• Sustainably increases productivity,
• Building resilience,
• Reduces or removes GHGs and enhances
achievement of national food security and
SDG-,1.2.5.6.13.14.15 etc
Therefore
CSA guideline provides a roadmap

10. Guideline Objectives & Target Users
Users
Districts development
planners
Extension agents.
Policy makers
Private sectors engaging
in agricultural related
issues,
Researchers (private &
public sectors,
Farmers & CSOs
To guide identification of suitable
technologies and practices for successful
implementation of CSA to enhance
agricultural production;
To facilitate planning
for implementation
and up-scaling of
CSA.
To guide in
identification of
approaches and key
requirements for
successful CSA
implementation
2
1
3

11. Uses
• Assist Policy makers in formulating policies and
regulations and support strategies, programs,
plans and related incentives for CSA
implementation and up-scaling;
• Guiding development actors, extension services,
research institutions and private sector to
promote CSA practices and technologies;
• Create awareness, building knowledge and
capacity on CSA as an approach for climate change
mainstreaming and environmental management in
the agriculture sector; and
• Monitoring of CSA implementation.

12. Inception
Baseline
survey(16LHZ/18
Region overlaying
64AEZ)
Stakeholders
Workshop and
Validation
Methodology
Task Force and Stakeholder inputs
CSA
guideline

15. From the baseline
• CC is obvious
• Negative impacts are vividly seen
• Farmers knowledgeable on issues related CC
• Limited knowledge on CSA
• Employ Adaptation Strategies (varied from place to
place)
• Different practices are promoted by Researchers,
NGO (crops &Livestock)

16. CSA packages of technologies and
practices in the study regions

17. Crop Management Practices and Technologies
Crops
1. Rain Water Harvesting and Storage Practices and Technologies.
(i) Rain water harvesting and storage structures (ii) Chololo pits
2. Irrigation Practices and Technologies. (i) Drip/trickle irrigation (ii) SRI (iii)
Irrigation canal lining
3. Soil and Water Conservation Practices and Technologies (i) Ridging &
Tie-ridging (ii) Water Retaining/Harvesting Pits
4. Terraces (different types)
5. Agroforestry Practices and Technologies (i) Trees in crop land (iii)
Rotational woodlot (iv) Improved fallow (v) Fodder bank (vi) Tree
planting / afforestation
6. Conservation Agriculture practices and technologies (i) Cover cropping
(ii) Mulching (iii) Crop Rotation (iv) Intercropping (v) Min / Zero
Tillage
(vi) Crop Residue Management
7. Soil Fertility Management Practices and Technologies (i) Manuring (ii)
Efficient Use of Fertilizer (Micro Dosing) (iii) Integrated Soil Fertility
Management (iv) Integrated Soil Fertility Management
8. Crop Management Practices and Technologies (i) Adapted crops and
crop varieties (ii) IPM (iii) Timely/early planting/sowing
9. Crop Insurance
11/14/2016 17

18. Improved Livestock Management Practices and technologies
Livestock 1. Improved Livestock Breeds
2. Adapted livestock
3. Improved Feeding (i) Traditional in-situ fodder conservation system
(ii) Ngitili (iii) Olelii (iv) Alternative Source of Water for Livestock (iii) Zero
Grazing (iv) Pasture Management
4. Manure Management
1. Pond Aquaculture/Fish Ponds
2. Integrated Aquaculture and Cage Culture
3. Sustainable Fishing
1. Bee-keeping
2. Climate Information Services
3. Improved Cooking Stoves
4. Improved Post-Harvest
11/14/2016 18
Fisheries
Others

19. ROLES AND APPROACHES FOR CSA
IMPLEMENTATION AND UP-SCALING
Roles
Government
• Sensitize and create awareness on impacts of CC,
appropriate technologies and practices for adaptation.
• Capacity building
• Documentation, wide sharing and dissemination of
identified CSA technologies and practices.
• Partnership/collaboration
• Financial support and Financing R&D
• Intensify field demonstration-FFS
• Establish a feedback mechanism for evaluation process
• Monitor crops, livestock and fish pests and diseases

20. ROLES ...........
• NGOs, and development and research
partners
• Private Sector
• Farmers
• Media

21. Approaches
Characteristics
– Integrating different extension providers
• Gender Responsive Approach
• Community Based Approach
• FFA &FSA
• Farmer-to-farmer Extension Approach
• Champion farmers
• Landscapes and Ecosystems Services Approach
• Payment for Ecosystem Services
• Innovation Platforms
• Information and Knowledge Generation and Sharing Approach
• Coordination Forum Approach
• Sustainable Market Linkage Approach

22. Challenges for Implementation and
Up-scaling
• Inadequate financial resources,
• Poor market access for farmers to adopt, and thus
agricultural production is still undertaken using
rudimentary technologies
• Failure to support adoption of new and existing
improved agricultural technologies.
• Low or non-adoption of recommended agricultural
production practices
• Poor and inefficient extension services

23. RECOMMENDATIONS
• Capacity Building Needs (National, Local to
Farmers level)
– Awareness
– Training
• Integrate climate change topics in the syllabus
• Improve capacity and knowledge on M&E of CSA
– Enabling Access to Resource Provision, Improved
Access (Information Packages) and Dissemination of
Climate Information Services
– Risk Management and Insurance Scheme in
Agriculture (Mitigation/Coping/Transfer)

24. Key Requirements for Implementation
and up-scaling CSA
• Improved Productivity, Building Resilience and
Associated Mitigation Co-benefits
• Value chain integration
• Research for Development and Innovations
• Improving and Sustaining Agricultural Advisory
Services
• Climate and weather forecasting
• Effective Institutional Coordination
• Integration among Practices

25. CONCLUSION
• The Guideline outline different practices and technologies
based on
– AEC/ACZ/Livelihood systems
– There are various roles suggested to be fulfilled by
different stake holders(Govt, DP, CSO, Private sector &
Farmers
– Good enabling environment that are hinged in global
/Regional and National policy framework
• Operationalization of the CSA guideline is an important
step toward achieving the global and national goals of
sustainable agriculture production in a changing climate

26. Monitoring and Evaluation Plan
Objective
Performance
Indicators
(Aggregate
Indicators)
Data Source
Collection
Methods
(Tools and
Processes)
Frequency Responsibility
•The M&E plan will track progress at all levels
of the CSA guidelines implementation

27. Acknowledgement
Support From
• FAO-Rome and Tanzania
• Finland
• EU
• UNEP
• CCAFS
• Participants & All other Stakeholders

28. • Thank you for listening