Critical Thinking in Modern Business Training
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The document discusses developing critical thinking skills in business training. It covers identifying questions, clarifying issues, hypothesizing answers, and testing hypotheses. Several references are provided related to critical thinking, decision making, collecting information, and curating training materials. The document indicates that Adobe is exploring new methods to facilitate critical thinking in business training and provides contact information for Dr. Allen Partridge to discuss this further.
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Critical Thinking in Modern Business Training
- 1. © 2017 Adobe Systems Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Adobe Confidential. Developing Critical Thinking Skills Dr. Allen Partridge | Sr. eLearning Evangelist
- 2. © 2017 Adobe Systems Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Adobe Confidential.
- 3. © 2017 Adobe Systems Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Adobe Confidential. Identify Clarify Research Question Hypothesize Test
- 4. © 2017 Adobe Systems Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Adobe Confidential. Partridge, A. R. (2017, January 17). Caveat Auditor; The role of critical thinking in business training. Retrieved from Elearning Industry: https://elearningindustry.com/caveat-auditor-role- critical-thinking-modern-business-training
- 5. © 2017 Adobe Systems Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Adobe Confidential.
- 6. © 2017 Adobe Systems Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Adobe Confidential. Chen, D., Moskowitz, T. J., & Shue, K. (2016). Decision-Making Under The Gambler's Fallacy. Cambridge, MA: NBER Working Paper Series.
- 7. © 2017 Adobe Systems Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Adobe Confidential. Identify Clarify Research Question Hypothesize Test
- 8. © 2017 Adobe Systems Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Adobe Confidential. http://www.p0qp0q.com/gamblersFallacy05/
- 9. © 2017 Adobe Systems Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Adobe Confidential.
- 10. © 2017 Adobe Systems Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Adobe Confidential. Lawrence, J., & Chester, L. (2014). Engage the Fox. Austin: Greenleaf Book Group Press.
- 11. © 2017 Adobe Systems Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Adobe Confidential. Do you collect? How do you select? Is every item equal?
- 12. © 2017 Adobe Systems Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Adobe Confidential. Identify Clarify Research Question Hypothesize Test
- 13. © 2017 Adobe Systems Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Adobe Confidential. How common are training programs in 2017?
- 14. © 2017 Adobe Systems Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Adobe Confidential. What areas do you currently cover in employee training? Answer Options Response Percent New hire orientation 85.5% Sexual harassment 75.0% Safety/Hazardous materials 65.2% Emergency procedures 64.0% Discrimination 63.4% Respectful workplace 56.9% Workplace violence 55.3% Attendance 48.9% Family Medical Leave Act(FMLA) 37.0% Fair Labor Standards Act(FLSA) 32.6% Ergonomics 23.7%
- 15. © 2017 Adobe Systems Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Adobe Confidential. What kind of training do you deliver?
- 16. © 2017 Adobe Systems Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Adobe Confidential. 0.00% 10.00% 20.00% 30.00% 40.00% 50.00% 60.00% 70.00% 80.00% 90.00% 100.00% Management Employees Which of the following professional development topics are covered in your training for employees and management?
- 17. © 2017 Adobe Systems Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Adobe Confidential. How is your training delivered?
- 18. © 2017 Adobe Systems Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Adobe Confidential. Answer Options Response Percent In-person presentation by your staff 80.9% Print materials 73.0% Video/DVD-based materials 44.6% Online training provider 41.5% In-person presentation by experts from outside the company 38.4% Outside conferences/seminars 34.7% Telephone/audio seminars 18.0% Mobile/tablet-based materials 10.6% What platforms do you use to deliver training?
- 19. © 2017 Adobe Systems Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Adobe Confidential.
- 20. © 2017 Adobe Systems Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Adobe Confidential. 0.0% 10.0% 20.0% 30.0% 40.0% 50.0% 60.0% 70.0% 80.0% Which of the following training topics is most needed in your organization?
- 21. © 2017 Adobe Systems Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Adobe Confidential. Do your learners use informal resources?
- 22. © 2017 Adobe Systems Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Adobe Confidential. Identify Clarify Research Question Hypothesize Test
- 23. © 2017 Adobe Systems Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Adobe Confidential. 67.0% 26.2% 8.7% 19.4% 16.5% 0.0% 10.0% 20.0% 30.0% 40.0% 50.0% 60.0% 70.0% Meetings to explain the social learning offering Blogs Wikis Appointment of a social learning “champion” Other (please specify) Series1 67.0% 26.2% 8.7% 19.4% 16.5% How do you encourage employee engagement in social learning?
- 24. © 2017 Adobe Systems Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Adobe Confidential.
- 25. © 2017 Adobe Systems Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Adobe Confidential. Yes 21.5% No 65.8% We do not, but we will in the next 12-18 months 5.5% Don’t know 7.1% Does your organization use social learning in its training programs?
- 26. © 2017 Adobe Systems Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Adobe Confidential. Do your employees effectively utilize social learning offerings? Yes 56.4% No, it is mainly a distraction for them 13.6% No, very few employees engage in social learning 30.0%
- 27. © 2017 Adobe Systems Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Adobe Confidential. Identify Clarify Research Question Hypothesize Test
- 28. © 2017 Adobe Systems Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Adobe Confidential. Personalized Personalized Training
- 29. © 2017 Adobe Systems Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Adobe Confidential. Yes 51.2% No 39.9% We do not, but we will in the next 12-18 months 4.2% Don’t know 4.6% Do you use personalized training?
- 30. © 2017 Adobe Systems Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Adobe Confidential. 69.0% 37.6% 33.5% 26.4% 24.8% 9.5% 6.2% 0.0% 10.0% 20.0% 30.0% 40.0% 50.0% 60.0% 70.0% 80.0% Training on- demand Recommending a sequence of training modules for the learner Periodic post- learning testing Pretesting learners Providing learners with a choice of formats for training Other Using branching techniques Series1 69.0% 37.6% 33.5% 26.4% 24.8% 9.5% 6.2% Which personalization tools does your organization use in its training?
- 31. © 2017 Adobe Systems Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Adobe Confidential. http://www.elearninglearning.com/2017/trends/?op en-article-id=6252692&article-title=9-top- elearning-trends-of-2017-from-49-experts&blog- domain=elearningart.com&blog-title=elearningart Article from eLearning Art: 9 Top eLearning Trends as picked by 49 industry experts
- 32. © 2017 Adobe Systems Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Adobe Confidential. How do you curate your collections?
- 33. © 2017 Adobe Systems Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Adobe Confidential. How do you expect others to curate?
- 34. © 2017 Adobe Systems Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Adobe Confidential. If people are collecting their own Information about how best to learn a new skill or do a new task, how will you ensure it follows a path that is best for your organization?
- 35. © 2017 Adobe Systems Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Adobe Confidential. Identify Clarify Research Question Hypothesize Test
- 36. © 2017 Adobe Systems Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Adobe Confidential. Learning Landscapes are evolving Adobe is inventing new ways to facilitate critical thinking in business training
- 37. © 2017 Adobe Systems Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Adobe Confidential. Dr. Allen Partridge allenp@adobe.com @adobeElearning
Editor's Notes
- One fine morning, as I was just waking up, my wife said, sweetheart, I think that there is a leak in the shower. That seemed unlikely. You see – we have one of those form molded fiberglass insert showers from the 90’s. I mean by that – it is all one unified piece. There aren’t any seams, or cracks – and it goes all the way up over head – covering the entire shower area. Well it’s dripping on my head, she replied… Now I was of course curious, but I doubted the story – to the best of my knowledge – water is not able to magically permeate solid fiberglass and drip down – the case she described seemed very unlikely. So I took my own shower, and as I did, I marveled at the realization – that water was dripping – cold water, dripping down on my head. I watched with fascination as the water appeared to magically appear in a large droplet above my head, and then drip. There was no apparent source, no hole in the shell – but there were now two witnesses. We might have come to the conclusion that it was a miracle, or a curse. Some kind of plumbers hex? We might have concluded that there was a leak, but that it was invisible, or too small for the naked eye. We might have simply ignored it, accepting it as a newfound fact of life. Cold water must occasionally drip from the ceiling above everyone’s showers. Stubbornly – I insisted that there must be some cause – some reason for this strange phenomenon. Eventually I realized that there was a pinhole leak at the top rear of the shower head. It was spraying an incredibly fine stream of water up toward the top of the shower – where it pooled, and then succumbed to gravity.
- Identify – clarify – research Question the evidence Hypothesize and test solutions
- Critical thinking is a skill that, when absent, contributes to the rise of recent phenomena like runaway fake news stories or hacking of government and corporate computers, and costs companies dearly in law suits, fines, penalties, and failed projects. The skill of critical thinking in modern business is often described as desirable when asking employers what it is that they are looking for in new hires (Hart Research Associates, 2013). Employers lament the inability of new employees to think critically and solve problems creatively – placing the blame firmly on the high school or college training of the incoming employees. In their article “Eight Habits of Effective Critical Thinkers”, Guinn & Williamson identify several qualities that clearly identify why critical thinking skills are so desirable (Guinn & Williamson, 2017). Among the behaviors identified are that critical thinkers are ‘more concerned about getting it right, than being right’ and ‘avoid the rush to judgment’. The trick to cultivating these admirable traits in employees is actually in training and encouraging a solid foundation in critical thinking. Learning how to think more effectively leads to better decision making and job performance.
- We often assume that when two events are related in one way, they must also be related by cause. We confuse coincidence with cause. Just because two things connect or coincide, doesn’t mean that one caused the other. At other times you might find that emotion plays a subtle role. Most of us use phrases like “my luck ran out” and “I’m due for a win” when usually there is no ultimate relationship between your odds of success in the current venture than in the prior. We call this the gambler’s fallacy. One example of the influence of the gambler’s fallacy interfering with decision making was documented in a recent publication from the National Bureau of Economic Research (Chen, Moskowitz, & Shue, 2016). The article identifies a pattern of behavior among professionals that demonstrates application of the gambler’s fallacy to successive decision making patterns. In essence, when a professional makes a series of topically or conceptually similar decisions (on independent cases), they are more likely to invert positive or negative recommendations in the wake of a series of prior recommendations. If they made a series of positive loan recommendations, the likelihood of a negative recommendation increases, even when a negative recommendation is not warranted by the data. The team found the same pattern in baseball umpires calling strikes, and immigration workers recommending asylum. Just as people falsely believe that if they’ve flipped a coin twice, and got heads both times, they are more likely to get tails on the next flip. Of course that is the whole point of the gambler’s fallacy. The odds remain 50/50 no matter how many times you flip the coin. But the fallacy is deeply ingrained in the ‘beliefs’ and emotional reality of most people. The research team also found that the more experienced employees were less likely to suffer the effects of the gambler’s fallacy – suggesting that less experienced employees were more likely to include emotion and instinct in their decision making than more experienced employees (Chen, Moskowitz, & Shue, 2016).
- Identify – clarify – research Question the evidence Hypothesize and test solutions
- Let’s play a game … http://www.p0qp0q.com/gamblersFallacy05/
- What about the case of mortgage approvals? Are there roles of approval, permission, evaluation – judgement calls that fall on people in your organization? Does critical thinking process make a difference in this process?
- Identify – clarify – research Question the evidence Hypothesize and test solutions
- Identify – clarify – research Question the evidence Hypothesize and test solutions
- Identify – clarify – research Question the evidence Hypothesize and test solutions
- Identify – clarify – research Question the evidence Hypothesize and test solutions
- Landscapes in learning are changing rapidly. Perhaps part of understanding how critical thinking can apply is in examining how evolving tools in the landscape. Check out a demonstration of Adobe Captivate Prime - our fantastic new LMS for business training – right now.