10. Critical Thinking
• Critical thinking is reasonable, reflective thinking
that is focused on deciding what to believe or
do.
• Critical thinking is skillful, responsible thinking
that is conducive to good judgment because it is
sensitive to context, relies on criteria, and is self‐
correcting.
• Critical thinking is thinking about your thinking,
while you’re thinking, in order to make your
thinking better.
14. Answer
• C calls out that he is wearing a black hat.
• Why is he 100% certain of the color of his hat? After a
while, C comes to the realization that he must answer.
• This is because D can't answer, and neither can A or B.
• D can see C and B, but can't determine his own hat color.
B can't see anyone and also can't determine his own hat
color. A is in the same situation as B, where he can't see
anyone and can't determine his own hat color.
• Since A, B, and D are silent, that leaves C. C knows he is
wearing a black hat because if D saw that both B and C
were wearing white hats, then he would have answered.
But since D is silent, C knows that he must be wearing a
black hat as he can see that B is wearing a white hat.
15. Aspects of Critical Thinking
• Abstract Thinking:
thinking past what your senses tell you
• Creative Thinking:
thinking “out of the box,” innovating
• Systematic Thinking:
organizing your thoughts into logical steps
• Communicative Thinking:
being precise in giving your ideas to others.
• Divergent Thinking:
One question leads to many answers
• Convergent Thinking:
Many Questions leads to one answer
17. Why should we think critically?
• Avoid medical/clinical errors
• Identify better alternate options
• Increases productivity
• Better clinical decision making
• Avoid poor or delayed decisions
• Save time and energy
• Work in resource limited settings
• Quality thinking and quality work output
• Brings in innovation (Creativity)
• Avoid litigations
• Reduces fatigue
• Develops confidence
• Helps to climb the leadership ladder
21. Section 1: Inference
Inference 1: There is inadequate data
Inference 2: This is probably true
Inference 3: This is True
Inference 4: This is False
Section 2: Recognition of
assumption
Assumption 1: No
Assumption 2: No
Assumption 3: Yes
Assumption 4: No
Section 3: Deduction
Deduction 1: Yes
Deduction 2: No
Deduction 3: Yes
Section 4: Interpretation
Interpretation 1: Yes
Interpretation 2: No
Interpretation 3: Yes
Section 5: Evaluation of Arguments
Argument 1: Strong
Argument 2: Strong
Argument 3: Weak
22. Scoring
Overall Score Performance Assessment Description
0-3
Not manifested
This result is consistent with possible
insufficient test-taker effort, cognitive
fatigue, or possible reading or
language comprehension issues.
4-6
Weak
This result is predictive of difficulties
with educational and employment
related demands for reflective problem
solving and reflective decision making.
7-9
Moderate
This result indicates the potential for
skills-related challenges when engaged
in reflective problem-solving and
reflective decision-making associated
with learning or employee
development.
10-12
Strong
This result is consistent with the
potential for academic success and
career development.
13& above
Superior
This result indicates critical thinking
skill that is superior to the vast
majority of test-takers. Skills at the
superior level are consistent with the
potential for more advanced learning
and leadership.