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Critical listening
This document discusses critical listening and faulty logic. Critical listening aims to evaluate information for quality and value. Logic uses evidence to reach valid conclusions, while fallacies attempt to persuade without evidence through irrelevant or inappropriate arguments. Several types of fallacies are described, including causal, either/or, hasty generalization, ad misericordiam, ad hominem, bandwagon, ad populum, poisoning the well, ad baculum, and non sequitur. The document also distinguishes between facts, which can be directly observed or proven, and inferences, which are conclusions based on partial evidence. Finally, it provides tips for improving responding skills such as providing well-timed, meaningful responses while avoiding unnecessary details.
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Critical listening
- 1. Critical Listening Lookingfor Faulty Logic
- 2. Critical Listening isin which the goal is to evaluate and assess the quality, appropriateness, value or importance of information.
- 3. Logic is theuse of appropriate evidence to reach a valid, well-reasoned conclusion.
- 4. Fallacy occurs when someone attempts to persuade without adequate evidence or with arguments that are irrelevant or inappropriate.
- 5. Causal Fallacy Makinga faulty cause-and- effect connection between two things.
- 6. Either/Or Fallacy Oversimplify-ing an issue as having only one or two outcomes.
- 7. Hasty Generalization –reaching a conclusion without adequate evidence to support the conclusion.
- 8. Ad Misericordiam An argument that only appeals to pity.
- 9. Ad Hominem Insteadof giving a strong argument, you start attacking the person.
- 10. Bandwagon Fallacy –suggests that because everyone is doing something, then it must be valid, accurate or effective.
- 11. Ad Populum Suggests that a statement is true because someone prominent said so.
- 12. Poisoning the Well Saying negative things about someone so others won’t believe him.
- 13. Ad Baculum Usingthreats or inappropriate rudeness to gain one’s belief or ‘yes’
- 14. Non Sequitur -Idea or conclusion that does not logically follow the previous idea or conclusion.
- 15. FACT – Something that has been directly observed to be true or can be proved true.
- 16. INFERENCE – Conclusionbased on partial or available evidence.
- 17. How to Improve Responding Skills Provide well-timed responses Provide meaningful information Avoid unnecessary details Be descriptive