How to improve our critical listening skills and analyze statements

1. Critical Listening
Looking for Faulty
Logic

2. Critical Listening is in
which the goal is to
evaluate and assess
the quality,
appropriateness,
value or importance
of information.

3. Logic is the use of
appropriate
evidence to reach a
valid, well-reasoned
conclusion.

4. Fallacy occurs when
someone attempts to
persuade without
adequate evidence or
with arguments that
are irrelevant or
inappropriate.

5. Causal
Fallacy
Making a
faulty cause-and-
effect
connection
between two
things.

6. Either/Or
Fallacy
Oversimplify-ing
an issue
as having
only one or
two
outcomes.

7. Hasty Generalization – reaching a
conclusion without adequate
evidence to support the conclusion.

8. Ad Misericordiam
An
argument
that only
appeals
to pity.

9. Ad Hominem
Instead of
giving a
strong
argument,
you start
attacking
the
person.

10. Bandwagon Fallacy – suggests that
because everyone is doing
something, then it must be valid,
accurate or effective.

11. Ad Populum
Suggests
that a
statement
is true
because
someone
prominent
said so.

12. Poisoning the Well
Saying
negative
things about
someone so
others won’t
believe him.

13. Ad Baculum
Using threats
or
inappropriate
rudeness to
gain one’s
belief or ‘yes’

14. Non Sequitur - Idea or
conclusion that does not
logically follow the
previous idea or
conclusion.

15. FACT – Something
that has been
directly observed
to be true or can
be proved true.

16. INFERENCE –
Conclusion based
on partial or
available
evidence.

17. How to Improve
Responding
Skills
 Provide well-timed
responses
 Provide
meaningful
information
 Avoid
unnecessary
details
 Be descriptive