Criminal Defence Lawyer

Criminal Defence Lawyer
here are certain things that should be taken care of when you consider hiring a criminal defence
lawyer. If you are unable to afford the fees of an attorney, the court may appoint a public defence
lawyer for you. You will be required to disclose your financial information, and whether you have a
job, in which case, the court may ask you to pay a certain amount as fee at the end of the case.
Finding a Criminal Defence Attorney However, if you do not qualify for a public defender, or else
you are looking to hire your own attorney, you need to look for a private criminal defence lawyer.
There are several ways to go about it. One easy way is to ask around your family members, friends
and work colleagues. If any of them have hired a criminal defence lawyer, ... Show more content on
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The lawyer should ask you about the exact charges you are facing and the available evidences. You
should stop yourself to blurt out your version of events. Follow carefully what the lawyer said and
answer the questions he or she asked. Never hold back information related to the charges. Choosing
a Criminal Defence Lawyer The final step for you will be to select a criminal lawyer to represent
you. If you have met with one, but the lawyer fulfils all your requirements, you can make a snap
decision. However, with two or more, get the name and contact information of some of their
previous clients. Contact these clients and get their feedback. What qualities of the attorney they
liked about? What did they dislike? Will they hire the lawyer again when the need arises? The final
component of your decision is your gut feeling. Which one seemed more trustworthy? With whom
you felt more comfortable? Who earned your confidence more? Article Source:
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Cyber Security Operations Centre ( Csoc ) Investigates And...
Cyber Security Operations Centre (CSOC) investigates and analysis cyber–attacks on UK Networks
and provide solutions and means to mitigate future attack. Its job is in cyber forensics and incident
response while the Government Computer Emergency Response Team (GovCERT) deals with the
public sector organisations on issues relating to computer security incidents, warnings, alerts,
assistance and advice to prevent, reduce expose and mitigate attacks.
The National Crime Agency formed in Oct 2013 to replace the Serious Organised Crime Agency. It
also inherited the National Cyber Crime Unit and Police e–Crime Unit in the fight against organised
crime. This is the lead agency in UK law enforcement and works in partnership with other law
enforcement agency in the country.
MOD Cyber Command and Control.
The role of the MOD in the National cyber strategy is to protect and defend its own systems and
networks. Bearing this responsibility is the Joint force command (JFC) which is made up of fourteen
organisations including the Defence Cyber Operations Group (DCOG). Its role is to ensure the
success of military operations through joint capabilities.
Under the JFC is the office of the Chief of Defence Intelligence (CDI) and is responsible for
Defence Intelligence, providing Defence and its partner agencies with intelligence and assessment.
CDI is also responsible for cyber operations.
Also under the office of the JFC is the information systems and services organisation (ISS). The

The Australian Defence Force ( Adf )
The Australian Defence Force (ADF) is facing an unassailable social expectation of the treatment of
disadvantaged groups. Because of this, Defence endeavours to create an organisation that is
appealing to, and represents, the whole community of Australia; an equitable notion. Yet, the
implementation of workplace practices and policies intended to make a diverse and equitable
workforce, is an equally impairing action. The positive treatment of disadvantaged groups can cause
favourable conditions, and this a contradiction to the ADF's aims of equality. So the line is drawn: 
It is ethical for the ADF to adopt policies that promote equality for all groups.  It is unethical for
the ADF to adopt policies that favour disadvantaged groups ... Show more content on
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infantry, armoured, cavalry). After this policy was established, 50 women had applied for roles in
combat corps that year, of which 20 were successful. This success rate carries across to ranks and
positions in the ADF; with 14.9% of the permanent workforce being comprised of women, it is only
a matter of time before Australians see a female Chief of Defence Force (CDF) (Defence.gov.au,
2014). On the other hand, 1.7% of the ADF workforce are now indigenous Australians, and they are
provided with a plethora of opportunities. Here is two for example:  The opportunity to join a six
week Pre–recruitment program that focuses on instilling the core skills of life in Defence in young
indigenous Australians. Alongside this, the trainees can leave during or after the completion of the
program if the ADF is not their interest.  The opportunity to join the Defence Indigenous
Development Program, a five month residential course. Applying the same teachings as the pre–
recruitment program but in further detail. To apply for this course, one must have indigenous
lineage, and an application for the course handed in two weeks prior to the course beginning
(Army.gov.au, 2014). It is thus fair to state: women now have more equitable opportunities with the
opening of combat roles, and indigenous Australians have excellent resources available to fit into
Defence culture. Neither of these statements have negative impacts on the capability and equality on
the ADF. But

The 's Defence Of Injustice
In this essay I will discuss Glaucon's defence of injustice, which he presents to Socrates in book 11
of Plato's The Republic. For the purposes of this paper, I will focus on the overriding theme in
Glaucon's argument; that we are only just for the sake of consequences and will conclude by
agreeing with this notion. Glaucon, dissatisfied with previous appraisals of justice, seeks to
challenge Socrates by strengthening Thrasymachus' defence of injustice in book 1. 'This is exactly
what he gives us – 3 arguments that support Thrasymachus' view that injustice itself is more choice
worthy than justice itself'. He begins with a division of goods into three classes, placing justice in
his third category; things we do not choose for their own sake but only for their consequences.
Under this category also comes physical training, medical treatment and wage earning and the like,
leading to the argument that justice, being difficult to obtain, is only prized for its worthwhile
consequences. This is purely hypothetical, for Glaucon is really asking Socrates to defend his,
(alongside Socrates himself, and Adeimatus') view that justice is to be valued for its own sake –
subsiding in the second category of goods Glaucon presents of things desirable both in themselves
and for the sake of their consequences. To follow, he states what he believes most people think about
justice (evident from his repetition of the phrase 'they say') – that to do wrong is in itself a desirable
thing, but to

Defence Of Necessity Analysis
Ravi, the homeless person that was arrested after eating food and staying in a restaurant overnight to
keep warm is trying to find a defence to the crime he committed. If this was a serious crime, other
than break and entering and theft under $5000, the defence of necessity could be used. However,
this is not the actual case. To better understand why this defence cannot be used, a clear explanation
of the defence would need to be given. To begin, the defence of necessity is the idea that the crime
that was committed was a lesser evil than not committing the crime at all. This would mean that the
person who committed the crime did the crime because there was no other options that would
prevent the crime from happening and that without doing something, harm would happen to the
person. Within the defence of necessity there are two rationales that are needed in order to assist
with the reasoning behind the crime. The first rationale is that the crime committed must have been
done involuntary. This could mean that the person was forced by someone else to commit the crime.
The second rationale is that there is an excuse rather than a justification towards committing the
crime. What is meant by this is ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
All he did was break and enter, steal some food and even turn on the heat in the restaurant. In
Canadian criminal standards, this was not a very serious crime. Theft under $5000 is tried as an
indictable offence. Not only this, Ravi did have other options that he could have done. The one thing
that he could have done is gone to other shelters in the city he was. Chances are the city has more
than one shelter to meet with the demand for homeless people. Not only that, there would be more
shelters added into the city due to the cold temperatures that they would have been facing. Yes, he
did feel that he had no other option because the need to survive was perceived as more important
than not committing any criminal

Psychology: What Is The Defence Mechanisms?
Defence mechanisms is the term used to describe the way that people cope with negative and
traumatic experiences, along with day to day stress. The defence mechanism can be a cognitive
response including denial this is the when the person will act as if the event has not had an effect on
them when in fact they are struggling to come to terms with what has happened.
Displacement buts the blame of what has happened on to someone ells rather than the actual
perpetrator so they donâ€™t have to confront the person with what has happened or is really going
on.
A person may start to act immaturely or even in a way that is a lot older then they are this defence
mechanism is called regression. Even humour can be a defence mechanism when used avoid or ...
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Defence mechanism can also be a behaviour in form of escapism that has become obsessive,
someone who joins a gym to help with daily stress or to get fit may end up taking it to the extreme
becoming obsessed with having to go and getting addicted the endorphins which doing exercise
creates. A person might start having a drink of alcohol to help them relax becoming addicted to it.
Other defence mechanism can come in to play if a person does not want to or is unable to face their
obsessive / addictions, they might deny they have a problem or they might try to hide it by
preaching strongly about how wrong e.g. drinking alcohol is, when in fact they have a problem with
it themselves. This defence mechanism is called reaction formation. Defence mechanism are people
attempts of hiding our issues from ourselves and or others in order to protect ourselves from hurt
and events we feel unable or unwilling to face in our

Pathological Defence Of Criminal Justice
Before an individual may be convicted of a crime he or she needs to be held criminally liable for
that criminal act. However only those with criminal capacity may be held responsible and punished.
This essay shall begin by discussing the concept of criminal responsibility as well as how this
concept is applied in regard to pathological offenders, who do not have the required criminal
capacity but have committed the crime.
Black's Law Dictionary defines criminal responsibility as referring to an individual's mental
capacity to stand before the court and answer for their actions. Furthermore Black's Law Dictionary
explores the two different meanings of this concept. Firstly; he who is responsible under legal
provisions is liable to 'either suffer or to pay compensation.' It can be said that criminal
responsibility is about being ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Thus, excluding an insanity defence; on the grounds of significant emotional or volitional
deficiencies. The pathological defence may only be used on the accounts that the mental disorder or
defect is both 1) pathological (a disease of the mind) and 2) endogenous (a disease resulting of
internal cause not external factors such as drugs or alcohol).
A defect of reason was experienced by Mr Mcbride when he shot his wife; Mrs Mcbride. Evidence
from a medical practitioner proved that Mr Mcbride knew that the act of killing his wife was wrong.
Nonetheless, he was unable to act in accordance with this knowledge. Mr Mcbride was diagnosed
with an endogenous depression during the act of killing his wife. It is the endogenous depression
that caused his incapacity to act lawfully at the time of the crime. Section 78 (6) and section 78 (1)
of the Criminal Procedure Act 51 of 1977 give courts provisions as to what needs to be done in such

Case Study For Defence In Depth
2.8.3 Case Study for Defence in Depth Security
1. Security Is a Team Sport: A Case for Cooperative Defence in Depth
A Defence in Depth strategy has always remained in fashion and a constant within security–clever
organizations. Like the body's immune system, this strategy is focused on multiple layers of defence
to protect against any new threat. It includes defences and controls covering both networks and hosts
and encompasses all phases of threat protection from prevention, to detection, to response.
But there is an evolution to the traditional Defence in Depth strategy that is called "Cooperative
Defence in Depth." A Cooperative Defence in Depth strategy should include both prevention and
detection technologies that support open security ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Persistence it says the Install and Command & Control phases. From a defence standpoint, at this
stage they've gotten a foothold and can "hang around" on the network. Until now the attacker's
efforts resulted in very specific actions, but now they can connect back into the environment and
work towards a large–scale ex–filtration of data.
5. How the Skills Shortage Is Killing Defence in Depth
Denial of service attacks grow ever larger. Foundation turns out to have shocking holes. Since 2010,
security vendors have been developing ever more impressive, but specialized, security gizmos. It
used to be easy to sell targeted security products because every gizmo would get air cover from the
concept of defence in depth.
Military prior to the digital age, defence in depth is the idea that more layers of defence equal a
stronger security posture. For vendors, defence in depth meant it was all right if their gizmo didn't
offer wide protection because some other vendor's gizmos would plug the holes. Forrester analyst
Rick Holland called this philosophy "Expense in Depth – the multilayered approach to ensuring
minimal return on investment.''
Normally the market fixes problems like this: rising wages in any field should attract new applicants
to the business. But security doesn't work that way. Security is harder to teach than other

Martini Defence Of Property
Question 1 Martini could have the defence of defence of property available to him, but not self–
defence. In the case of defence of property, although Highball was an invitee to the party, he was
invited for the reason to party, and not to insult and be obnoxious, as depicted by Keating (1992),
were the victim was an invitee to the mall to shop, and not skateboard, and thus, the accused's
assault of the victim was justified. Similarly, in Gunning (2005), the accused told an uninvited guest
to leave the party, and used lethal force when the victim resisted and was acquitted. Hence, since
Martini is in peaceable possession of property, and his intention is to remove the intruder from his
apartment, and not to harm, he would be entitled to the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In the case, Kong (2006) the accused pulled out a knife as a scare tactic, and only used it to defend
his friend and himself, and was acquitted. Therefore, Creakle takes a reasonable legal alternative of
running out to avoid confrontation, and since there are five to six members after him, the use of a
weapon is reasonable as it is the only way to protect himself from serious bodily harm. In addition,
Creakle uses the knife to scare the gang members at first, yet when it becomes apparent that they are
not afraid, he acts reasonably to only defend himself, rather than harm, and thus, should be

Provocation as a Defence Essay
Provocation as a Defence
For a person to be criminally liable they must be commit the relevant prohibited act, or omission;
the actus reus, and also be in the requisite mental state; mens rea, and also have no valid defence.
Defences available cover situations such as insanity, duress or intoxication. However the Courts
have accepted that there are situations in which a defendant has committed the relevant actus reus
for murder, and also displayed thee relevant mens rea, and does not have a reasonable defence,
however in the interests of giving the judges discretion and avoiding the mandatory life sentence
dictated by a verdict of murder, the Courts have prepared to accept a series of partial ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
In the case of Lesbini 1914, the Courts refused to accept a plea of provocation for a man who shot
and killed a girl in charge of a firing range after she make insulting remarks about him, and in the
case of Holmes v DPP 1946, the House of Lords did not allow the defence for a man who killed his
wife after hearing her verbal confession of adultery. The decisions were often see as unfair and
biased though, particularly angering womans groups with the defence of provocation's easy
availability to male defendants.
However in 1957, s3 of the Homicide Act 1957 removed the restrictive nature of the defence, this
extended the definition of provocation to 'things said' aswell as 'things done', and also reaffirmed the
position that the jury decides on the issue, by measuring the conduct of the accused against the
standard of the reasonable man. S3 Homicide 1957 set out three elements which must be satisfied
for the Courts to accept a defence of provocation and a verdict of manslaughter: There must be
evidence that the defendant was provoked, the accused must have lost his self control, and the jury
must be satisfied that a reasonable man would have acted in the same way.
Initially the judge will decide whether there is enough evidence of provocation to be put forward by
the jury, s3

Essay on Defences for Murder
Defences for Murder
There are only three partial defences for murder; suicide pact, provocation–the loss of self control
and reaction must be instantaneous and diminished responsibility. Amongst the three mentioned two
are most frequently used, these are provocation and diminished responsibility, and only one full
defence, self defence. These defences are used to reduce the sentence charge by the defendant to
manslaughter from murder.
In the following text I will be examining how men use provocation and diminished responsibility to
walk free from murder. I will analyse the advantages and disadvantages of these defences and any
alternatives or reforms.
Firstly, provocation is seen by men ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The law today is far too lenient upon men who abuse and kill their wives and claim 'provocation' to
lessen the charge. Women are constantly beaten by their partners and some kept prisoners in their
own home and eventually killed. In the case R.v.Thornton the defendant was a battered wife who
killed her husband. Her husband after threatening her, the husband fell asleep, she went to the
kitchen and returned with a knife stabbing him while he was asleep. Any sane person would say that
she would have never taken her husband on if he were conscious, and if he were, she would have
been killed not him. In the case R.v.Wilkinson the defendant had suffocated his wife in front of his
four children because she was seeing another man, the defendant claimed provocation and he is
currently serving 4 years. We can see from this that the system is unbalanced; it is in the favour of
men and degrades the women.
In the eyes of many these two defences are the focal point of the English legal system regarding
murder, theft, assault etc. These defences can vary the sentence due to the severity of the actions and
under what circumstances the crime was committed. If a women, for example, is being beaten
constantly by her husband and is imprisoned in the house, and then suddenly lashes out at him and
kills him,

Australian Defence Policy Essay
The discourse surrounding an appropriate defence policy in Australia has been an intense debate,
extending back to the beginning of the 20th century. Stemming from the Creswell–Foster divide has
emerged two sides, the state centric, geostrategic concept of the 'Defence of Australia' and the
alliance–centric concept of the 'Security Based Defence'. As well as these policy approaches is the
state coercive notion of 'puritive deterrence'.
The following paper aims to compare and contrast the main arguments regarding Austalian defence
policy, through the relevance of geo–strategic location and gobalisation. It will appraise the three
aforementioned options of defence policy, as presented by Paul Dibbs, Michael Evans, and Ross
Babbage and will then ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They state that "transnational issues...are not always military problems, but military resources may
prove useful to monitoring, controlling or recovering from them." They later go on to say that the
armed forces "may be required to coordinate their operations with humanitarian relief organisations"
, as non–state actors influence their 'warfighting.'
Peter Dean and Ken Gleiman of the Australian Strategic Policy Institute (ASPI), have also noted the
revised role of the ADF in combating these unconventional threats, which has "led to amphibious
forces across the globe being deployed to support a range of operations, including assaults, raids,
withdrawals and demonstrations." These forces have been used in "counter–piracy operations in the
Gulf of Aden and Indian Ocean, and against radical groups such as Al–Shabaab in Somalia."
It is thus evident that globalisation has had a great impact on defence policy, due to the emergence
and increased danger of non–state actors, highlighting a need to revise policy formulation in order to
combat the threats they pose.
Conclusion
By assessing the relevance that geostrategic location and globalisation have on Australian defence
policy, this paper has been able to compare the stances of Paul Dibbs, Michael Evans and Ross
Babbage, and note their strengths and

Essay on The Defence of Provocation
The Defence of Provocation
Provocation is a defence which reduces the offence of murder to manslaughter. Even though there
may be an intent to kill it can be deemed that, in some circumstances, it is not appropriate to be
classified as murder. It is not saying the killing is justified or excused. What it is saying is that the
circumstances, the response (which resulted in the killing) is within the normal range of behaviour
of what can be expected of the ordinary person and that it represents an acknowledgement of human
frailty. This is the traditional view of the law.[1] When the penalty for murder was death, often
provocation was a way of reducing the punishment from the death penalty to life imprisonment. In
jurisdictions where there ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Penalties and Sentencing Act (Qld) 1992, has also been applied in regards to the final
sentencing punishment of the defendants of the following cases.
The Supreme Court case, R v Murray[4], states that the appellant pleaded not guilty to one charge of
murder – where the appellant was found guilty of manslaughter – where, although the appellant
intended to kill the deceased, he was only criminally responsible for manslaughter because of
provocation under section 304[5] – where the appellant was sentenced to nine years imprisonment
under section 161B[6] – where there was a declaration that the applicant had been convicted of a
serious violence offence. Where the case R v McDougall and Collas[7] was applied as a precedent
to the final decision of the case.
The Supreme Court case, R v Vollmer[8], states that the appellant was convicted of murdering his de
facto partner – where evidence as to the deceased's past violent history in a previous relationship
was available at the time of trial but not relied on by defence counsel – where there was no evidence
led at trial or on appeal of a history of violence between the appellant and the deceased – where the
appellant sought to rely on the defences of self–defence and provocation at trial under sections
271(2), 304 and 668E(1)[9]. Where the cases R v Hajistassi[10], R v Mogg[11] and Re Knowles[12]
were applied as precedent to the final decision of the case.
The Supreme Court case, R v

What Are The Advantages And Disadvantages Of The...
Introduction:
The Australian Defence Force (ADF) is a critical link that ties to Australia providing international
and regional protection, peace and emergency aid supplied by the Royal Australian Navy (RAN),
Australian Army and the Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF). The Australian Defence Force
currently has over 80,000 full time personnel and military reservists assisting with Australia's border
patrol and over sea's operations. The Australian Defence Force has strategic alliances with many
countries around the world that we engage in joint military training over sea's with these with these
alliances include being apart of the United Nations (UN) and having the security of the ANZUS
treaty, Australia's main regional alliances are linked ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The facility has led to many protests occurring out side the compound that protested against the use
of the facility.
Australia's involvement with the UN has led to many peacekeeping operations in the Middle East
with the United States and UK as well as many other countries. Australia also assisted in keeping
peace in East Timor when it become independent from Indonesia, over 5000 Australian troops
assisted in this operation.
WHITE PAPER!!!
Advantages and disadvantages
Advantages –
Protecting the country and Asia Pacific region – The ADf's main object is to protect Australia's
borders and allied countries from local and foreign threats
Employment – The ADF employees more than 80,000 Australians citizens which increases the
employment rate
Reducing terrorism – With the ADF sending troops to fight with America they are contributing to
the "war against terror" this drastically helps reduce terrorism
Peace – The ADF sends troops and supplies to war torn countries to help reduce poverty and war
with the help of the UN, ADF supports countries fight for

The Vs. Teleological Defence
Given that evil and suffering exist within the world, there cannot exist an omnipotent, all–loving,
perfect, ontologically separate God.
In the early 21st century much evil has risen, such as terrorism, poverty, convivial dispute and the
continual surge of natural disasters destroying land, homes and killing thousands of people. With all
of this famine humans are experiencing on a daily basis, it seems inconceivable that an omnipotent,
all–loving, ontologically separate God can exist. Despite the theists arguments via the Freewill and
Teleological defence, both have many flaws and weaknesses due to the lack of supporting evidence
and on occasions contradicting the Christian religion itself. The only explanation that acts as a
strong asset for the co–existence of God is the Transpersonal Solipsism ideology. However, it still
produces doubts on Gods existence being ontologically separate. The issue of "How can God exist
when there is evil in the world" is highly regarded as the strongest challenge towards Gods
existence, however moral evil, produced by humans, is a result of freewill, which God granted all
humans. If freewill is not a logical impossibility for man to choose good, then there is no logical
impossibility of man choosing good for every occasion. The fact that moral evil does exist proves
that humans are not perfect and if God is omnipotent and perfect, then a perfect god should have
made perfect things.
The dilemma of God has challenged both the theist and

Sikes Defence Of NCRMD Essay
Introduction In this case, Sikes is charged with aggravated sexual assault after attacking and raping
Nancy. Sikes' counsel raises the defence of NCRMD and their psychiatrist claims that Sikes is
suffering from a psychopathic personality disorder. Furthermore, Sikes also testifies that he cannot
control his violence and cannot feel any sympathy for the victim. This situation raises the question
to the degree that Sikes' defence of NCRMD will be successful. Since our justice system is designed
to punish those who have deliberately chosen to do something wrong, there is a defence for those
who have a "disease of the mind" (Verdun–Jones, Criminal Law in Canada, 2015, p. 206) because
they, technically speaking, did not choose to do so in their right mind. Such defence is the defence
of "not criminally responsible on account of mental disorder" (Verdun–Jones, Criminal Law in
Canada, 2015, p. 204). As stated in section 16(1) of the Criminal Code (Carswell, 2015): No person
is criminally responsible for an act committed or an omission made while suffering from a mental
disorder that rendered the person incapable of appreciating the nature and quality of the act or
omission or of knowing that it was wrong. In ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Expert witnesses from the case of Kjeldsen (1981) state that even though psychopaths are not able to
experience remorse or guilt for their victims, they have the mental abilities to appreciate the nature
and quality of the actions (Verdun–Jones, Criminal Law in Canada, 2015, p. 209). That is, in other
words, psychopaths are to have capabilities to understand as well as foresee the physical
consequences of their actions, despite not being able to understand the psychological damage
created towards their victims (Verdun–Jones, Criminal Law in Canada, 2015, p.

Right of Private Defence
CRIMINAL LAW PROJECT CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION II. SECTION 96: THINGS DONE
IN PRIVATE DEFENCE i. Private defence: Object ii. Right of private defence iii. Scope III.
SECTION 97: RIGHT OF PRIVATE DEFENCE OF THE BODY AND OF PROPERTY i. Right
under this section essentially a defensive right ii. Right of private defence not available to aggressors
iii. No private defence in free fight iv. Right of private defence not available against lawful acts v.
Unlawful assembly and private defence IV. SECTION 98: RIGHT OF PRIVATE DEFENCE
AGAINST THE ACT OF A PERSON OF UNSOUND MIND i. Plea of self–defence ii. Burden of
proof V. SECTION 99: ACTS AGAINST WHICH THERE IS NO RIGHT OF PRIVATE DEFENCE
i. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Section 98 makes the right of private defence available even against persons who, by reason of
infancy, insanity, intoxication or misconception, are legally incompetent to commit an offence. And
Section 106 allows a person to take the risk of harming innocent person in order to, in exercise of
the right of private defence of body, save himself from mortal injury. Section96, thus, declares, in
general terms, that nothing is an offence which is done in the exercise of private defence. The
subsequent ss 97–98 and 100–106 explain the contours of the right and define the broad boundaries
within which it can be exercised. All the rights enumerated in these sections are subject to restriction
or limitations that are stated in sec. 99. Nature of The Right It is the first duty of man to help
himself. The right of self–defence must be fostered in the citizens of every free country. The right is
recognized in every system of law and its extent varies in the inverse ratio to the capacity of the
state to protect life and property of the subject (citizens). It is the primary duty of the state to protect
the life and property of individuals, but no state, no matter how large its resources, can afford to
depute a policeman to dog the steps of every rouge in the country. Consequently this

Pevensey Coastal Defence
On the other hand sea walls are one of the most expensive forms of sea defence. A good example of
this is the relatively recent process that Pevensey Bay has been through. Pevensey bay is a small sea
side village resort with large number of properties directly on the beach. Furthermore, It is not just
this community that is at risk. It was stated that "A permanent breach in the [beach] would result in a
50 square kilometre area behind the defences flooding at high tide. Over 10,000 properties, several
caravan parks, important road and rail links would be affected, as would Pevensey Levels, an
important ecological site that has Ramsar Convention status as a Wetland of International
Importance."("PCDL – Pevensey Coastal Defence Ltd," n.d.). This shows that this is indeed a high
value site, one that requires an advanced and effective defence system. ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
They chose to go with the soft engineered approach of beach replenishment and released an article
on their website explaining why they did not choose a sea wall. They stated that the cost of the sea
wall was "likely to be between £5,000 and £10,000 per linear metre" and that to protect the entire
9km length of the site it "could easily cost £75,000,000" (Pevensey Coastal Defence Ltd, n.d.). The
cost, therefore, of just installing the wall would be "almost double the value of [their] 25 year
maintenance contract" to stick to budget, the company would have to leave the site uninfluenced.
Sea walls are not designed to be abandoned and require constant monitoring and

In Defence Of Free Will Analysis
In his paper, "In Defence of Free Will," Philosopher C. A. Campbell introduces a Libertarian
conception of free will. Campbell's view of free will consists of the ideas that a free choice is caused
by the self, but not by a specific occurrence happening within the self. He describes an action as free
if and only if the self is the sole cause of the action, and the agent had the choice to act differently.
He admits that the first condition alone is not sufficient criterion to deem an action as free. He states
"it is possible to conceive an act of which the agent is the sole cause, but which is at the same time
an act necessitated by the agent's nature," (Campbell 284) and is in part, not an action of free will.
The belief which insists, and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Libet performed an experiment in which subjects wore an EEG net that measured electrical activity
across their scalp, indicating brain activity. They were asked to flex their wrist whenever they felt
like it while also watching a clock–like timer. They were then asked to report when they first had the
conscious intention of moving their wrist. Libet found that there was neural activity in the motor
cortex before the subject reported having a conscious decision do act. These results suggest that
unconscious processes in the brain are the true initiator of volitional acts, and free will therefore
plays no part in them. This has us urging the question, if unconscious brain processes have already
begun taking the steps to commence an action before the conscious mind is aware of any desire to
perform it, then is the causal role of awareness refuted? Libet finds that conscious free will is used
in the form of having the ability to veto an action; the idea that conscious agreement is required to
allow thoughts of consideration of performing an action to turn in to actually performing the action.
While consciousness plays no part in the motivation of voluntary acts, Libet suggests that it may
still have a part to play in concealing or fighting certain acts brought about by the unconscious mind,
often referred to as a "veto". It is stated that "All of us, not

Defence Diplomacy Research Paper
By 2015, Indonesia was increasingly involved in defence diplomacy. The Indonesian Defence White
Paper issued by the current administration in 2015 expresses clearly how defence diplomacy will be
used to further Indonesia's national interests in the defence sector. In its implementation,
international cooperation will be employed as its key instrument. Defence diplomacy itself was first
included in the Indonesian Defence White Paper in 2008. However, the document only included one
mention of defence diplomacy.
In the latest 2015 version, defence diplomacy is mentioned five times. The document also stresses
the importance of the defence attaché's role in facilitating defence diplomacy abroad. This
significant development indicates the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This forum connects both the Minister of Foreign Affairs and Minister of Defence from the
respective countries.
A general understanding of defence diplomacy acknowledges that, in peacetime, it involves the
cooperative use of armed forces and related infrastructures, primarily defence ministries, as a tool of
foreign and security policy. It also covers both bilateral and multilateral approaches. This
interpretation, however, has not been universally agreed. Despite the lack of a universal definition,
most existing sources support the use of defence diplomacy as a means of engaging with other
countries. The UK Ministry of Defence has, in fact, incorporated defence diplomacy into
corresponding events organised by the Foreign and Commonwealth Office.
As a democratic country, the military is used only as a last resort by Indonesia because the country
prioritises diplomacy over other means when resolving disputes or conflicts. Indonesia has
expressed the view that diplomacy is the key instrument in its foreign policy. However, as observed
by many, there has been an increasing involvement by the military and defence establishment in
Indonesia's diplomacy. This phenomenon is perhaps puzzling. It is clearly apparent there has been
an evolution in Indonesia's defence diplomacy. Thus, the primary research question in this thesis is,
"Why has Indonesia increasingly relied on defence diplomacy as part of its overall diplomatic

Defence Of Defence In Defence
The defence of provocation and diminished responsibility are both considered to be partial defences,
meaning these defences are not likely to lead to an acquittal of a crime but can reduce the sentence
given as through these defences a murder trial may only see a culpable homicide conviction.
The defence of provocation in assault cases is considered a full defence by Hume and Macdonald
this idea was upheld in the case of Hillian v HM Advocate but was heavily criticised by the judges
in the case of Crawford v HM Advocate in which Lord Justice–General Cooper stated that
provocation is not a special defence and does not allow for exoneration of the accused and said that
he found himself considerably confused as to how that decision was reached in Hillian. Another case
that refuted this view was the case of Drury v HM Advocate in which the court stated that Hume's
view on provocation has fallen into disfavour and now the more accepted view is that provocation
will have a considerable effect on the sentence imposed at the finding of guilt. This simply means
that provocation is a plea in mitigation rather than a complete defence in assault and murder cases.
There is a general rule as to when provocation can be accepted, this rule is one of proportionality,
and Hume's stated that the person assaulted must remain within the bounds of an allowable
resentment this means that common sense must be followed in reaction to the assault. Assault
however is not the only form of

Ignorance of Law Is No Defence
TOPIC: THE MAXIM IGNORANCE OF THE LAW IS NO DEFENCE, SHOULD NOT BE PART
OF THE GHANA LEGAL SYSTEM SINCE MANY OF THE PEOPLE LIVING IN THE RURAL
AREAS ARE ILLETREATES. IGNORANCE OF THE LAW IS NO DEFENSE This maxim can
also be translated as ignorance of the law is no excuse. When one is found guilty of a crime the
accused tends to hold unto the saying that he did not know that what he did is unlawful thereby
ignoring that fact that ignorance of the law is no excuse or defense. This maxim can be seen in the
case of Foli v the state(1968) GLR768. In this case, the appellants' made a contention that they
didn't give the deceased, Abla Eworho, a befitting burial (proper burial) because the deceased
violated a custom while she was ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He was consequently acquitted. The State appealed against the decision on the grounds that (1) the
High Court judge misdirected himself as to the meaning of section 17(1) of the Administration of
Lands Act, 1962 (Act 123) which vested the right to collect revenue from stool lands in the Minister
responsible for Lands or his agent; (2) the claim of right of the accused was not bona fide because
he had had prior warning from the Lands Commission; and (3) that the failure of the High Court
judge to particularise the counts for conviction was a mere irregularity. In this case, the respondent
used the claim of rights Under section 29 of the Criminal Code, 1960 (Act 29) a claim of right in
good faith appeared to be a sound defence if the criminal act was done mistakenly but the mistake
was an honest one. Therefore the respondent fell under section 29 (2) of Act 29 and had to establish
that under Act 29 he was exempted from punishment for stealing through ignorance. All these cases
has helped to illustrate on the fact that those people who live in the rural areas in Ghana are more
likely to fall victims of breaking the law because there is little or no awareness of what is stated in
the constitution or by law due to ignorance. And by so doing, they end up spending all they have
pursuing a case. In

Defence Policy And Military Strategy
strategies. For the military, an overhaul of the whole concept of Defence has gradually changed as
cyber security is streamlined into defence policy coupled with economic influence and globalisation.
'In the military, information and intelligence operations, routine administrative functions, and a wide
array of everyday jobs have been increasingly developed and transformed with the support of
interconnected electro–electronic devices' .
Defence policy and military strategy go hand in hand and Defence policy have been directly linked
to current economic state of the present government and since UK economy was in recession in
2008 prior to the release of the CSS, the question of funding becomes unavoidable. Both the Armed
forces and the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Although the thesis does not take this line of enquiry but concentrates on the partnership with the
police force, it is work noting that the relationship that exists in this partnership as recognised by the
new doctrine will reflect how the current regular force will view their role in future. The Armed
forces are required through the official secret Act to adhere to strict confidentiality, the survey was
not intended to divulge any state secrets but to reveal how cyber priorities and training has been
received and practice at grass root. With this reduction, the MOD released a Joint Doctrine
Publication 0–01 (JDP 0–01) (5th Edition), dated November 2014 that 'draws on the lessons of
history, upon original thinking and from experiences gained from training and operations. It sets out
the fundamental principles of the future military force' which is depleted from what it used to be.
The new doctrine takes into consideration of the following strategy; International Defence
Engagement Strategy; New Operating Model: How Defence Works ; and DCDC's Global Strategic
Trends Programme.
The policy is steeped in utilising

The Defence Power : The Defense Power
THE DEFENCE POWER:
INTRODUCTION
Under s 51(vi) of the Constitution, the Cth can make laws with regard to 'the naval and military
defence of the Cth and of the several States, and the control of the forces to execute and maintain the
laws of the Cth'. As s 51(vi) is interpreted to be a purpose power, the test for whether a certain law is
within thus power is whether it is proportionate to achieving the stated defensive purpose . The test
is 'elastic' as the scope of s 51(vi) depends on whether Australia is at war or peace. The outcome
turns on judicially noticeable facts about the existence and character of hostilities or threats. In
agreeing with Brian Galligan, it is clear that during times of war, the defence power waxes to an
extent where it allows the Government to become unitary. Therefore, in order to survive, the
Commonwealth must "do anything which can contribute to its defence" . However, as examined
later on, there is some debate as to what extent the Commonwealth may be able to go to when
implementing measures to protect itself.
The question of whether a certain law is to be authorised by s51(vi) is a question that must be
determined by the courts. The separation of powers as set out in the Constitution means that neither
the legislature nor the executive can pre–empt the judicial function by purporting to determine the
constitutional question in advance. Evidence of the beliefs and intentions of the legislature or
executive may help to answer the

The Report On A Fictional Blog Post
1. Summary
This report is analysing a fictional blog post.
Evidence to support anthropogenic climate change will be discussed.
Defence mechanisms that the author possibly uses will be evaluated.
This report will explain why the author of the blog is making the claims by explaining the ideas
surrounding conspiracy theories.
2. Introduction
The author of the blog post begins by describing two items in the news which they describe as
'worrying'. Firstly, the announcement of treble subsidies for so–called 'green' energy, which the
author explicitly links to the second point that a university has 'confirmed' global warming is
happening, due to carbon emissions. The author expresses how this is 'suspicious' as evidence to
support ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Evidence to support
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) uses scientist from across the globe to
provide detailed information on the dangers that human activity has on the world's climate. The
planet is getting warmer due to the growth of emissions, such as methane and carbon dioxide
(Adams, 2015). To support this the graph below illustrates how surface temperatures have risen
dramatically in recent years (Kerr, 2006).
3. Defence mechanisms
Psychologists have sought to understand why individuals seem to hide away from information about
environmental issues. People generally become anxious when they encounter different emotions,
change or are challenged with undesirable ideas, to combat this defence mechanisms are triggered
(Adams, 2015). It is believed that there are nine different types of defence mechanisms, which are:
Denial: claiming that environmental problems do not exist (Adams, 2015), or that there is no real
threat.
Repression: disregarding any knowledge about environmental harm caused by humans.
Regression: having firm or overstated beliefs in leaders or experts to resolve environmental
problems as there is nothing the individual can do. Additionally, anger towards the risk of privileges
be revoked due to environmental issues.
Displacement: to avoid anxiety 'small steps' are taken, instead of recognising the actual changes that
are required.

Loss Of Control Defence Essay
1.2 Research Aims and Objectives The aims and objectives of this dissertation are to determine
whether the Coroners and Justice Act 2009 has successfully addressed the issues that surrounded the
defence of provocation.This will enable a determination to be made as to whether victims of
domestic violence are now able to raise the defence of loss of self–control more easily and whether
better protection is now being provided to those suffering from domestic violence and battered
women's syndrome.The development of case law concerning provocation will be critically analysed
in order to understand the effectiveness of the new loss of control defence.1.3 Research Problem
Although the introduction of a new loss of control defence was intended to rectify this area of the
law, it seems as ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The new 'loss of control' defence appears to be a lot more favourable to women on the basis that it is
no longer a requirement to show that that the loss of control was 'sudden and temporary'.However,
there are still many concerns as to whether the new provisions do actually remove the pre–existing
discrimination. Arguably, vast improvements have been made to this area of the law, though many
underlying issues still exist which signifies that gender discrimination is still prevalent in the

A Defence Of Mental Illness
A defence of mental illness is commonly viewed as a loophole used to escape punishment. Debate
surrounds the offender's state of mind – whether they must be 'mad' to commit a crime or simply
'bad'. The perception that a perpetrator feigning madness can avoid a sentence is not supported by
evidence. Only 1% of charges are dismissed under the Mental Health Criminal Procedure Act,
which represent a total of 555 charges dismissed (data from the Bureau of Crime Statistics &
Research (1996), accounting for only 0.3 % of the total criminal charges finalised in NSW local
courts in 1996.
Individuals whose charges are dismissed may be transferred through the court diversion program,
and those who become forensic patients may spend a longer period incarcerated

The Impact Of Technology On The Field Of Defence
The evolution of technology has made the life easier .However, the complete result can be achieved
only when technology is made the best use of it.Technology is not only used in the IT industries but,
it has become the part and parcel of everybody's life. In 21st century, this can be realized through the
way we are using technology. We have mobile applications which is almost able to do everything
that we ask for. We can pay our bills online, book a flight ticket, take online classes anywhere in the
world, talk to friends and family from long distances etc.
So then, how can we make use of this vast technology in the field of defence? Every nation in the
world depends on the sophisticated defence equipments for their own protective measures. The
history of collaboration of technology in defence is not too new. Nations like USA, UK, CHINA,
ISRALE and INDIA have been successful to develop some of the useful equipments using
technology .However, it is pleasing to see that, no nation has been using it for the destructive
purposes until and unless they have been forced to do so. This paper focuses on bringing the
examples of such modern equipments which are built using some of the great technologies.
Innovations of Tech in militaries and their scope
The US military made an initiative to provide platform for the innovation of military equipments
.This platform included the Academia, Industry and government. All of them have been invited to
come up with some creative

Abusive Domestic Relationship Defence
According to the Australian Bureau of Statistics half of the female victims of domestic violence
experience more than one incident of abuse (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2013). In Queensland
using spousal abuse as a defence to murder can be problematic for female defendants who kill their
abusers. Jurors in most cases relating to spousal abuse tend to find the act of pre–emptive killing in
self–defence not justifiable. Queensland's Criminal Code should be amended to allow the 'Abusive
Domestic Relationship Defence' to be used as a full defence. This can be proven as victims of
violence tend to lack the ability to make logical decisions; individuals feel a case of entrapment and
the victim signals violence and acts before the onset of abuse. ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
In R v. Runjanjic and Kontinnen (1991), Chief Justice King explained the effects of 'Battered
Woman Syndrome'; a theory which is used to invoke why women kill their abusive partners "their
(women) reactions and responses differ from those which might be expected by persons who lack
the advantage of an acquaintance" (Lenore Walker, 2012). Walker argues that the syndrome would
influence the abused individual to make decisions which appear illogical to a typical person. A
common person would leave an abusive relationship rather than kill for self–preservation, whilst the
syndrome would influence the victim to kill. In the case R v. Runjanjic and Kontinnen (1991) the
loss of this ability is clear as the defendant's lawyer claimed , "Though she doesn't consciously
remember her decision–making process, Kontinnen grabbed a shotgun and shot Hill in the back of
the head"(Bradfield, 2011). The fact that Kontinnen cannot remember what caused her to make the
decision to kill the deceased displays the effect violence has had on her mental health. Defendants
using the defence of 'Killing for preservation in an abusive relationship' should have the opportunity
for a full acquittal, as their damaged mind takes control of their decision

Defence Counsel And For The Prosecution Essay
A topic of conversation that always comes up when I mention that I'm doing a placement with a
criminal barrister, one who works as both defence counsel and for the prosecution, is the idea of
representing a client who is 'guilty'. I'm asked "but what if you know that they did it?" and "wouldn't
you feel bad if they got off?" Ysaiah Ross considered the 'moral lawyer' in his paper, and discussed
Wasserstrom's 'role–differentiated behaviour'. This included that the role of the lawyer requires
ignorance of moral considerations as a result. Ross commented on a comic of a rocket scientist
saying that it was his job to get the rockets up, and that where they come down is 'not [his]
department'. He also remarked that the Director of Extermination in Auschwitz stated that he didn't
murder anybody; he was just the Director of Extermination. Similarly, a consideration of 'guilt' is
counterproductive as defence counsel. Wasserstrom's argument is that the amoral approach should
be available only for criminal defence counsel, and while Ross states that it is not intrinsically good
to try to win every lawsuit, people must be able to have access to the public good that is law. It is
unethical and against practice guidelines to represent someone inadequately. That client could
appeal the decision on the grounds that they weren't provided with adequate representation, and the
lawyer could be struck off the role of practitioners. It is already intimidating for a client to meet a
lawyer and

Disadvantages Of Private Defence
Donald is the father of twin boys and due to the fact that he was accosted at a traffic light by
hijackers, who ordered him out of the car, Donald shot the hijackers with their firearm. One of the
hijackers died whilst the other fled the scene, this all occurred due to the fact that Donald heard the
hijackers planning on taking the children and dropping them off elsewhere.
The issue is whether or not Donald acted lawfully in his actions of shooting the hijackers. Donald
did act lawfully due to the fact that he acted in private defence. Private defence is commonly
referred to as "self–defence" however the use of self –defence is too narrow as private defence may
also apply to those individuals who defend others may also rely upon this defence .The law of
private defence deals with the use of force in order to repel an unlawful attack ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
Putative private defence is dealt with subjectively due to the fact that an individual is in the belief
that his life or property is in danger when it in fact not thus resulting in them not having the ability
to rely on private defence further resulting in killing an individual which is then deemed as an
unlawful activity thus making it "supposed private defence" and focuses on the mental state of the
accused individual. In the matter of putative private defence the individual's misguided belief of
possible danger excludes dolus which is the case liability and the intention of the death of the
individual will further be excluded resulting in the conviction of culpable homicide . In the case S v
De Oliveira , Antonio de Oliveira fired his pistol and four men under the false belief that they were
there to rob his house even though it was burglar proofed, the accused relied on private defence
however his appeal was rejected by the court due to the fact that the accused failed to testify as to
his state of mind and to refute this prima facie

Business And Project Management Organization And Planning
Derby College
Business and Project Management
Business Organisation and Planning
Rebecca Carlisle 647331
10–29–2015
Abstract
Table of Contents
1.0 Introduction 3
2.0 Section A 3
2.1 Task 1 3
2.1.1 Part A 3
2.1.2 Part B 3
2.1.3 Part C 3
2.1.4 Part D 4
2.2 Task 2 4
2.3 Task 3 4
2.4 Task 4 4
3.0 Section B 4
4.0 Section C 4
5.0 Conclusion 4
6.0 References 4
7.0 Bibliography 4
8.0 Appendices 5
8.1 Appendix 1 5
8.2 Appendix 2 5
8.3 Appendix 3 5
1.0 Introduction
2.0 Section A

2.1 Task 1
2.1.1 Part A
Rolls–Royce is a large company that has over 50,000 employees. The company itself has 3 main
sectors that each has a different role within the company;
Aero
Defence
Nuclear
The Aero and Defence sectors focus on producing engines for both commercial jet companies,
including Boeing and the Royal Air Force (RAF). The majority of Rolls–Royce's aerospace industry
is based in Derby however there other factories and facilities around the world, including the United
States (US).
Nuclear is separated into two main business areas, Civil Nuclear and Submarines. Submarines focus
on creating and servicing the propulsion systems used within the Royal Navy's Submarines Fleet.
The main market for Rolls–Royce is global except for the nuclear sector where the customer is
national as it is the British Ministry of Defence (MOD).
2.1.2 Part B
Rolls–Royce, like all other companies, started out as a small company that only employed a few
people.

Australia Border Defence Essay
Historically, Australia's regional and global interests were tied to Great Britain, particularly in the
first 150 years since white settlement. Post Second World War, however, Australia became less
reliant on its ties with the Commonwealth and foreign policy focused on establishing greater links
with the US and its closest neighbours in South East Asia. While successive Australian governments
have recognized the need for independence, its search for regional and even global influence still
requires it to create new linkages and multi–national groupings within which Australia's, economic,
cultural or geopolitical interests need to be managed and promoted. Australia's defence capabilities
allow it to forge great relationships with other nations ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Some areas that Australia helps include; PNG, Timor–leste, Pacific Island Countries, the Middle
East, South–East Asia, Africa and South Asia. Additionally Australia's department of defence helps
counter–terrorism in some of these countries in order to help develop their capacity in particular
areas.
Globally and regionally, Australia works with other organisations and countries to tackle security
issues both non–traditional and traditional. As a Significant non–Nato Member, Australia assists
with the Nato–led force in Afghanistan. Although the assistance ended on the 31st of December
2014, Australia continues to help stabilise and protect Afghanistan into the future.
Advantages and Disadvantages of Defence in

Defence Industrial Policy
It is only a matter of time before industrial suppliers loose investor support grow weary of budget
cuts. Resolving this gap with defense industrial policy will give a safeguard to the industrial base by
providing industrial suppliers the necessary reassurance for their stakeholders. At the very least,
suppliers require guidance to re–orient resources as priorities shift and programs are cut. It is yet to
be seen if this present pattern of business will insure a suitable industrial base in the future without
addressing this issue. A case in point, SecDef Hagels recently declared six priorities for the Defense
department include maintaining a lead in emerging technologies, such as: space, cyber, special
operations forces, intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance without pointing to any industrial
guidance to achieve these requirements. This leaves industrial suppliers gambling over which
programs to invest resources without the risk of being cut. For instance, Space programs such as:
GPS Positioning ($1.3 Billion) and Planned purchase of extremely high frequency satellite programs
($652.5 million) do not have any order of preference from the department. From the defense
supplier's point of view, without any preferences, allocating resources and investing in technology is
problematic. As publicly traded companies, defense suppliers are bound to stakeholders, and must
proceed with caution for projects at risk of being cut. The lack of guidance only adds to their

Application Of The Ministry Of Defence
Introduction
1. Written communication is crucial to the way organisations conduct daily business. As technology,
culture and how we correspond have rapidly changed over the years, so too has the style and
formatting of documents. The Ministry of Defence (MOD) requires written communication to be
formatted and structured in a particular way in order to provide clear and concise information
passage. Many large organisations and corporations have implemented their own method or 'house
styling' to ensure standardisation. Joint Service Publication (JSP) 101 serves as the MODs 'house
style' when it comes to formatting all written communication. With email, shared electronic
workspaces and digital media dominating the way the MOD communicate, JSP 101 must be
analysed to ensure it is fit for purpose within the digital age. This assignment will examine key areas
in regarding to JSP 101 such as its functions, relevance in the digital age, any associated advantages
and disadvantages associated.
Overview of JSP 101
2. JSP 101 is the Defence writing (DW) guide for the MOD . The publication sets out guidelines,
rules and regulations which are to be used by serving personnel and civilian staff when producing
documentation. It contains the principles for effective writing and presentation, whilst also helping
the user structure the document correctly. The importance of standardisation is also highlighted
within the publication as a section explains how to construct written work

Examples Of Narcissistic Defence
Narcissistic defence
Narcissistic defences are often seen in psychotic individuals, people who are out of touch with
reality, they are the most prominent defences. Here I have selected projection and denial as the two
narcissistic defence mechanisms in relation to Moses Sithole.
Projection
When referring to projection we define it as, "perceiving and reacting to unacceptable inner
impulses and their derivate as though they were outside the self" (Kaplan & Sadock's, 2015, p.161).
We can speculate that Moses, put his feelings of being falsely accused of raping Buyiswa Doris
Swakamisaas a wrong doing on to all his victims (as they all reminded him of her doing wrong unto
him), so therefore he saw them as doing wrong unto him so he needed to ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Through Moses, life he denied ever rapping Buyiswa Doris Swakamisa, his first rap victim who
took him to court. He maintained his innocence through the trial, furthermore when put on trial for
the 40 rapes; 38 murders and five robberies he pleaded not guilty for all the charges. We could
speculate that capable of such horrible things, could not accept the painful reality of how he hurt
these victims, but projecting his feelings onto them. He denies the truth so that he is able to live with
himself and be okay, because if Moses truelly accepted what he did to 78 families, as a human being
I would speculate that he wouldn't be able to live with himself. Robbing those women of ever
becoming a sister, a mother, a grandmother. He took each and every one of those women's lives
because he could not accept or didn't want to accept the reality that he rapped Buyiswa Doris
Swakamisa and went to jail for it (where he fell a victim to his own crime i.e. in his interview he
spoke of how he was raped while in prison) and on releases many women had to be objectified to
his denial, of not being able to accept that this is the human being he has

Defense Mechanisms And The Defense Mechanism
Everyone has a few coping techniques to reduce anxiety from unacceptable or even harmful
impulses. These coping techniques are performed unconsciously and they are known as defense
mechanisms. When a body uses a defense mechanism they are attempting to distort, deny, or
manipulate their reality to defend their self–schema. There are a few different types of defense
mechanisms many of which classified by Anna Freud that would later appear in the works of
Sigmund Freud. The psychiatrist George Eman Vaillant introduced a way of organizing the
mechanisms into a system of levels. The level system is as follows: level I is about pathological
defences, level II explains immature defences, level III neurotic defences, and lastly level IV mature
defences. An individual could use multiple different defense mechanisms from different levels
though. For example a person could be using an immature defense mechanism such as regression
and a mature mechanism like humor. This essay will delve into the description of these levels and
the defense mechanisms they contain. Pathological defenses usually occur from someone who
unconsciously preserves their traditional aspects of life. They will think very totalistic and rigidly
since they are trying to preserve what they believe they won't make any compromises. One
pathological defense mechanism would be projection. Projection occurs when someone has a value
that says they should act a certain way, then their value is challenged and

An Examination Of A Defence Essay
Many cases require alternate defences for those who suffer from mental disorders, this defence is
known as Not Criminally Responsible on Account of Mental Disorder also known as NCRMD. A
defence such as this is used to explain that the perpetrator had a disorder that made them unaware of
the crime they had committed and that the crime was wrong. Applying NCRMD as a defence can be
difficult as there are many requirements a person needs to meet before they are deemed not
responsible. In some cases, it is hard to prove that the offender had a mental disorder at the time of
the crime and that it is a valid defence as to why they committed the crime unknowingly. There is a
lot of discussion around NCRMD being successful or unsuccessful and what should happen to the
offender if they are deemed NCRMD. A recent case where NCRMD was used as a defence and was
successful, was in the case of David Siu. NCRMD is a successful and valid defence if it is used in
the right case to protect those in the system with mental disoders.
This defence was originally known as the insanity defence, it was changed to NCRMD in the
Criminal Code in 1992 (Wilson, Crocker, Nicholls, Charette, & Seto, 2015). Review boards must
take the mental condition of the accused, the safety of the public, the reintegration of the accused
into society, and the other needs of the accused into account when making a disposition after the
trial, these include absolute discharge, conditional discharge or detention in a

Essay The Defence of Duffer’s Drift
ATSJ–MPB–T–B 30 OCT 03
MEMORANDUM FOR Small Group Leader, ATTN: CAPT SETTLES, MPOBC 6–03, U.S. Army
Military Police School, Fort Leonard Wood, MO 65473
SUBJECT: Book review of The Defence of Duffer's Drift
1. Reference. The Defence of Duffer's Drift, by Major General Sir Ernest D. Swinton.
Published in U.S. Army Infantry Journal in April 1906, 72 pages.
2. Recommendations.
a. Recommended Audience. I recommend this book to be read by all OBC Students. It emphasizes
the importance of knowing your tactics, prior planning, and your enemy.
b. Recommended Actions. I recommend that all leaders and soldiers that read this book take into
consideration their basic training ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The central controlling idea of the book is that a leader must constantly look to improve their ability
to lead and be tactically proficient.
ATSJ–MPB–T–B
SUBJECT: BOOK REVIEW of The Defence of Duffers Drift
b. Synopsis. The Defence of Duffer's Drift is a book in which the author, Captain Swinton , has six
dreams in succession. Captain Swinton drempt that Lieutenant Backsight Forethought must defend a
drift in South Africa against the enemy Boer at all cost. In each dream he overlooks or makes a
mistake, which is catastrophic and costs the battle and the lives of his men. He learns from each
dream the mistakes he made and carries on from dream to dream the general lesson previously
learnt. In total he carries over (22 lessons) which ultimately brings him success and victory in the
end.
5. Analysis.
a. Be.

(1) Army Values. Having to choose two army values that most applied to this book. Lieutenant BF
was portrayed to be duty–bound and displayed selfless service. Despite being defeated several times
in the defense of the Drift, he continued to press–on and fulfill his commitment. Lieutenant BF put
the welfare of his soldiers before his own. When he knew he had suffered tremendous losses and
heavy casualties he surrendered in hopes to spare his men and obtain aid for the injured.
(2) Attributes. It is portrayed that Lieutenant BF initially demonstrated poor judgment when setting
up the defense of

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