This document defines different types of crimes and their causes and impacts on society. It discusses violent crimes, property crimes, white collar crimes, organized crimes, and hate crimes. It outlines how crimes affect society through encouraging security measures and discouraging socializing. Religions may also influence what activities are criminalized. The document then discusses crime statistics, sanctions for crimes, and how social control aims to regulate behaviors and maintain order through rewards and punishments.

1. CRIME AND SOCIAL
CONTROL
PRESENTED TO :
MAM’A SAJEELA
PRESENTED BY :
HIRA FATIMA 28157
RIDA NAZ 28735

2. DEFINITION
TYPES
 CAUSES
IMPACT ON SOCIETY
RELIGION AND CRIME
CRIME STATISTICS
SANCTION
SOCIAL CONTROL
OUTLINE OF OUR
PRESENTATION :

3. DEFINITION
a crime is an unlawful act punishable by
a state or other authority.
a crime or offence (or criminal offence) is an act harmful
not only to some individual but also to a community,
society, or the state ("a public wrong"). Such acts are
forbidden and punishable by law
• A normative definition views crime as deviant
behavior that violates prevailing norms –
cultural standards prescribing how humans ought to
behave normally.

4. TYPES OF CRIME

5. VIOLENT CRIME :
“ Crime in which uses or threatens to use
force up in a victim”
This crime May or may not be
committed with a weapon. They vary from
homicide to harassment.
These include aircraft hijack, bank
robbery , gangster kidnappers, torture ,
rapists , terrorists etc.


6. PROPERTY CRIME :
 Property crime is a category of crime that
includes, among other crimes,
Burglary, larceny, theft, motor vehicle theft,
arson, shoplifting, and vandalism
 Property crime is a crime to obtain
money, property, or some other benefit.
 This may involve force, or the threat of force,
in cases like robbery or extortion.

7. WHITE COLLAR
CRIME
White collar crimes are criminal acts that
are performed by people in the course of
business committed for financial gain. These
types of crimes can cost citizens millions of
dollars!
Frauds typically committed are:
Bribery
Extortion
Fraud
Embezzlement
Cybercrime
Government can prosecute both the
individual committing the crime and the
corporation for which he works.

8. ORGANIZED
CRIME
 Organized crime is a category of transnational, national, or
local groupings of highly centralized enterprises run
by criminals who intend to engage in illegal activity, most
commonly for profit.
Some criminal organizations, such as terrorist groups, are
politically motivated. Sometimes criminal organizations force
people to do business with them, such as when a gang extorts
money from shopkeepers for "protection".
 A criminal organization or gang can also be referred to as
a mafia, mob, ring, or syndicate; the network, subculture and
community of criminals may be referred to as
the underworld.

9. HATE CRIME :
 Hate crime (also known as a bias-
motivated crime or bias crime is
a prejudice-motivated crime which occurs
when a perpetrator targets a victim because
of their membership (or perceived
membership) in a certain social
group or race.
Examples of such groups can include, and
are almost exclusively limited
to: ethnicity, disability, language, nationality,
physical appearance, religion, gender
identity or sexual orientation

10. CAUSES :
Victims of unfair or incorrect rulings from court
often cause people to enter a life of crime .
 Drugs
Depression and other social and mental disorders
Family conditions are one of the causes of crime
Regionalism
TV violence
Racism
Politics
Poverty
Over Population
Illiteracy

11. Impacts on society
:
Encourages people to take expensive security
measures (e.g. alarms, cctv, taking taxis and
cars rather than public transport)
Discourages socializing – fear of ‘going out’
Fear of using public spaces
Not moving to / going into certain areas
“crime black spots”.
Financial burden on society.

12. RELIGION AND CRIME
 Different religious traditions may promote distinct norms of behavior,
and these in turn may clash or harmonies' with the perceived interests of a
state.
 Activities sometimes criminalized on religious grounds include (for
example) alcohol consumption (prohibition) in Islam.

13. CRIME
STATISTICS :

14. SANCTION :
Positive sanctions :
 Positive sanction: An action that rewards a
particular kind of behavior .
Examples include: a teacher giving good grades,
cheers from teammates
Negative sanctions :
• Negative sanction: A punishment or the threat of
punishment used to enforce conformity
. • Examples include: a parking ticket, ridicule

15. Formal sanctions:
 • Formal sanction: A reward or punishment given
by a formal organization or regulatory agency
 • Examples include: schools giving high or low
grades, a business giving a raise or firing a worker
Informal sanctions:
 • Informal sanction: A spontaneous
expression of approval or disapproval
given by an individual or group
• Examples include: standing ovations,
gossip

16. SOCIAL CONTROL :
When a person violates a social norm, what happens?
 A driver caught speeding can receive a speeding ticket.
A student who texts in class gets a warning from a professor.
 All societies practise social control, the regulation and enforcement of norms.
Social control can be defined broadly as an organized action intended to change
people’s behaviour (Innes 2003).
The underlying goal of social control is to maintain social order, an arrangement
of practices and behaviours on which society’s members base their daily lives.
 Think of social order as an employee handbook and social control as the
incentives and disincentives used to encourage or oblige employees to follow those
rules.
When a worker violates a workplace guideline, the manager steps in to enforce the
rules.

17. THANK YOU FOR
LISTENIING