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Crime Prevention Basics
- 1. Crime Prevention Basics NationalCrime Prevention Council 2007
- 2. National Crime PreventionCouncil 2 NCPC’s Mission To be the nation’s leader in helping people keep themselves, their families, and their communities safe from crime
- 3. National Crime PreventionCouncil 3 BJA’s Mission To provide leadership and services in grant administration and criminal justice policy development to support local, state, and tribal justice strategies to achieve safer communities.
- 4. National Crime PreventionCouncil 4 Goal of This Presentation To examine the history of crime prevention and how it has evolved and give participants tips and best practices on how to stay safe in a variety of settings.
- 5. National Crime PreventionCouncil 5 Objectives Examine the definitions of crime prevention. Review the history of crime prevention and how it has adapted over the years. Differentiate between reactive and proactive policing. Discover how to implement the 10 Action Principles of crime prevention in your community.
- 6. National Crime PreventionCouncil 6 Objectives (continued) Learn the benefits of crime prevention. Learn why examining crime prevention trends can aid in preventing crime. List the 4 Ds of crime prevention. Explore the best practices of crime prevention. Learn how to gain support from community stakeholders for crime prevention efforts.
- 7. National Crime PreventionCouncil 7 Crime Prevention ● Definition ● History ● Principles ● Trends
- 8. National Crime PreventionCouncil 8 Traditional Definition ofTraditional Definition of Crime PreventionCrime Prevention Crime prevention is the anticipation,Crime prevention is the anticipation, recognition, and appraisal of a crimerecognition, and appraisal of a crime risk and the initiation of some actionrisk and the initiation of some action to remove or reduce it.to remove or reduce it. Source: National Crime Prevention Institute, 1972
- 9. National Crime PreventionCouncil 9 Crime Prevention RedefinedCrime Prevention Redefined Crime prevention is a pattern of attitudes andCrime prevention is a pattern of attitudes and behaviors directed at reducing the threat ofbehaviors directed at reducing the threat of crime and enhancing the sense of safety andcrime and enhancing the sense of safety and security, to positively influence the quality ofsecurity, to positively influence the quality of life in our society, and to developlife in our society, and to develop environments where crime cannot flourish.environments where crime cannot flourish. Source: National Crime Prevention Council, 1990Source: National Crime Prevention Council, 1990
- 10. National Crime PreventionCouncil 10 Evolution of Crime Prevention Sir Robert Peel was considered to be the father of law enforcement.
- 11. National Crime PreventionCouncil 11 Evolution of Crime Prevention The Metropolitan Act of 1829 “The primary object of an efficient police is the prevention of crime: The next is that of detection and punishment of offenders if a crime is committed.” Sir Richard Mayne, Metropolitan Police Commissioner 1829–1868
- 12. National Crime PreventionCouncil 12 Sir Robert Peel’s Nine Principles of Policing 1. The basic mission of the police is to prevent crime and disorder. 2. The ability of the police to perform their duties is dependent upon public approval of police actions. 3. Police must secure the willing cooperation of the public. 4. The degree of cooperation of the public that can be secured diminishes proportionally to the necessity of the use of force.
- 13. National Crime PreventionCouncil 13 5. Police seek and preserve public favor. 6. Police use physical force to the extent necessary. 7. Police at all times should maintain a relationship with the public. 8. Police should always direct their actions strictly toward their functions. 9. The test of police efficiency is the absence of crime and disorder. Sir Robert Peel’s Nine Principles of Policing (continued)
- 14. National Crime PreventionCouncil 14 Historical Developments in Crime Prevention In the late 19th Century and early 20th Century, emphasis on prevention decreased. After World War II, crime prevention experienced a rebirth in England. In the 1960s and early 1970s, police agencies gradually began looking to mechanical prevention or “target hardening.” In the mid-1970s to 1990s, focus shifted.
- 15. National Crime PreventionCouncil 15 Crime Prevention Approaches: Reactive Versus Proactive Policing Most common activities of a modern police force are still reactive. • Police react after a crime has occurred • Investigation and arrest are the focal points This traditional approach • Does not stop crime from occurring • Does not address the causes of crime
- 16. National Crime PreventionCouncil 16 Crime Prevention is Proactive Crime prevention is designed to Examine crime trends Analyze and work toward positive alternatives to community and neighborhood conditions Educate and involve communities in crime prevention strategies Create an atmosphere of zero tolerance toward crime and criminal activity
- 17. National Crime PreventionCouncil 17 Examples of Proactive Policing Neighborhood and community watch programs Security surveys for homes and communities Having people engrave their property Encouraging people to register equipment and maintain logs of all valuables Having high-quality locks and lighting on personal property and within communities
- 18. National Crime PreventionCouncil 18 Development of Crime Prevention’s 10 Action Principles The National Crime Prevention Council’s Crime Prevention Coalition of America conducted more than two years of research and discussion. Twenty-six groups participated in two days of focus group meetings. A national roundtable of crime prevention specialists and researchers was convened. The steering committee interpreted the membership’s concerns and shaped them into major tenets.
- 19. National Crime PreventionCouncil 19 Engaging the Power of Prevention: 10 Action Principles
- 20. National Crime PreventionCouncil 20 10 Action Principles of Crime Prevention Preventing crime is 1. Everyone’s business 2. More than security 3. A responsibility of all levels and agencies of government 4. Linked with solving social problems 5. Cost-effective Source: National Crime Prevention Council
- 21. National Crime PreventionCouncil 21 10 Action Principles of Crime Prevention (continued) Preventing crime requires 6. A central role in law enforcement 7. Cooperation and collaboration by all elements of the community 8. Education 9. Tailoring to local needs and conditions 10. Continual testing and improvement Source: National Crime Prevention Council
- 22. National Crime PreventionCouncil 22 Crime prevention improves the quality of life for every community. Source: National Crime Prevention Council
- 23. National Crime PreventionCouncil 23 Benefits of Crime Prevention A revived sense of personal civic responsibility Greater freedom and security Increased respect Increased individual and collective pride in self and community Healthier, more interdependent communities
- 24. National Crime PreventionCouncil 24 Benefits of Crime Prevention (continued) Engages the community (businesses, elected officials, organizations, faith community) Involves stakeholders, who in turn • Get different groups committed to a program • Obtain funding
- 25. National Crime PreventionCouncil 25 Benefits of Crime Prevention: Saves Money These are some examples of how crime prevention can save money. Settles disputes without violence Prevents juvenile violence Better street lighting
- 26. National Crime PreventionCouncil 26 Benefits of Crime Prevention: Saves Money (continued) Applies Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED) principles • Accessibility • Surveillance • Territoriality • Physical maintenance • Order maintenance
- 27. National Crime PreventionCouncil 27 The Importance of Crime Trends Trends change our lives. In 1982, how would you have called for emergency road service? Today? In 1982, how could you get cash out of your bank in a strange city at 1:00 a.m.? Today? In 1982, how big was a high-quality personal music player? Today? In 1982, how bulky were televisions? Today?
- 28. National Crime PreventionCouncil 28 Recent Crime Trends Phishing Cyberbullying Identity theft Terrorism Newer drugs
- 29. National Crime PreventionCouncil 29 Understanding Crime Trends Helps Us… Anticipate prevention needs Learn from the past Identify and implement future prevention strategies Reap the benefits of crime prevention Serve as effective advocates for crime prevention
- 30. National Crime PreventionCouncil 30 The Four Ds of Crime Prevention Deny—Entry or the opportunity for crime to occur Delay—Entry and heighten awareness Detect—Unlawful entry via devices Deter—Criminals from committing a crime
- 31. National Crime PreventionCouncil 31 Best Practices in Crime Prevention ● Home ● Car ● Out and about ● Travel or vacation ● In the neighborhood ● To, from, and at school ● Identity theft ● Cybercrime
- 32. National Crime PreventionCouncil 32 Best Practices in the Home
- 33. National Crime PreventionCouncil 33 In the Home The Door • Make sure you have sturdy, metal or solid-wood doors at all entries into your home. • Install and use well-made deadbolt locks (1½-inch throw or greater) on all exterior doors. • Make sure all exterior doors have peepholes. • Light up entry doors.
- 34. National Crime PreventionCouncil 34 Around the house • Trim the shrubbery around your doors and windows. • Install an alarm. • Give an extra key to a neighbor you trust. • Ask a law enforcement officer for a free home security survey. In the Home (continued)
- 35. National Crime PreventionCouncil 35 If You Live in an Apartment or Condominium Be cautious around entrances, parking areas, hallways, stairways, laundry rooms, and other common areas. Be sure that your entry door has a deadbolt lock and a peephole. Are the mailboxes well-traveled, well-lighted, and do they have good locks? Leave music playing or a light on while you are gone.
- 36. National Crime PreventionCouncil 36 Being Car-Wise
- 37. National Crime PreventionCouncil 37 Being Car-Wise Carjacking Carjacking is stealing a car by force with a driver and/or passenger in the vehicle. While the chances of becoming a victim are slim, preventive measures can reduce your risk.
- 38. National Crime PreventionCouncil 38 Being Car-Wise (continued) What do carjackers look for? • Intersections controlled by stop lights or signs • Garages and parking lots for mass transit, shopping malls, and grocery stores • Self-serve gas stations and car washes • Residential driveways and streets as people get in and out of cars • Highway exit and entry ramps
- 39. National Crime PreventionCouncil 39 Being Car-Wise (continued) Getting in • Walk with a purpose to your car and stay alert. • Approach your car with your door key already in hand. • Be cautious of people who approach you and ask for directions or hand out fliers.
- 40. National Crime PreventionCouncil 40 Being Car-Wise (continued) On the road • Keep your doors locked and windows rolled up. • When you come to a stop, leave enough room to maneuver around the other cars. • Drive in the center lane to make it harder for would-be carjackers to approach the car.
- 41. National Crime PreventionCouncil 41 Being Car-Wise (continued) On the road (continued) • Don’t stop to assist a stranger whose car has broken down. Instead, call for help. • If you think someone is following you, head for the nearest brightly lighted area or police station. • If you are suspicious of an unmarked car with flashing police lights ordering you to stop, drive to a well- lighted area with plenty of people before stopping.
- 42. National Crime PreventionCouncil 42 Being Car-Wise (continued) Getting out • Always lock the doors and take the keys when you leave your car. • Park in well-lit areas, near sidewalks or walkways. • Never leave valuables in plain view, even if the car is locked. • Always look around before you get out and stay alert to the surroundings.
- 43. National Crime PreventionCouncil 43 Personal Safety Best Practices
- 44. National Crime PreventionCouncil 44 Out and About Walking or jogging • As you walk down the street or through the parking garage, walk alertly and assertively. • Walk or jog in the middle of the sidewalk rather than against the doorways or along the curb. • Stay alert—iPods and cell phones will distract you. • When walking, keep your purse hugged close to your body and wallets in front pants pocket or jacket pocket.
- 45. National Crime PreventionCouncil 45 Out and About (continued) Walking or jogging (continued) • Walk or jog with a companion. • Use familiar areas. • Do not walk or jog after dark or in secluded areas. • Be sure to face traffic. • Wear brightly colored or reflective clothing to improve visibility.
- 46. National Crime PreventionCouncil 46 Out and About (continued) Walking or jogging (continued) • Carry a whistle or shrill alarm to summon help if needed. • Vary your route and pattern. • Always be aware of your surroundings. • Walk or jog away from bushes where someone can hide.
- 47. National Crime PreventionCouncil 47 Out and About (continued) Automated Teller Machines (ATMs) • Try to avoid using ATMs when alone. • Try to avoid using an ATM after dark. • When possible, use an ATM inside a bank or store and be alert before using it. • Have all necessary cards and documents ready. • Protect your personal identification number (PIN). • When your transaction is complete, leave immediately.
- 48. National Crime PreventionCouncil 48 On Vacation
- 49. National Crime PreventionCouncil 49 On Vacation Before you leave Place several lights on a timer. Ask a neighbor or family member to check your home periodically. Stop newspaper and mail delivery. Don’t forget to set your alarm.
- 50. National Crime PreventionCouncil 50 On Vacation (continued) While traveling Take only essential credit cards. Pack as lightly as possible. Large bags should be shipped in advanced for extended vacations. If you purchased something hefty, ask the merchant to ship it home for you. Check maps before you go out so you can tour confidently.
- 51. National Crime PreventionCouncil 51 On Vacation (continued) Try not to display expensive jewelry, cameras, bags, or other items that might draw attention. Stick to well-lit, well-traveled streets at all times; avoid short-cuts. Never leave your keys out where they can be picked up (i.e., poolside, lounge). Never leave a room unlocked, even to go get ice or a snack from the vending machine.
- 52. National Crime PreventionCouncil 52 On Vacation (continued) Make sure everyone in your party—adults, teens, children—has the name, address, and phone number of the place you are staying. Set up rules for each day’s outings on where and how you’ll link up if you become separated. Don’t leave valuables in view in the car (your own or a rental). Leave them in the trunk or, better still, take them back to your room as soon as possible. Leave a photocopy of your wallet’s contents at home or with a friend.
- 53. National Crime PreventionCouncil 53 In the Neighborhood
- 54. National Crime PreventionCouncil 54 In the Neighborhood Get to know your neighbors. Start or strengthen your Neighborhood Watch program. Look out for each other’s children. Help those who need a hand in making their homes more secure. Involve teenagers in the neighborhood’s safety. Invite neighbors to work together on all sorts of community projects.
- 55. National Crime PreventionCouncil 55 In the Neighborhood (continued) Get involved in your neighborhood and at the community level. Find out whether your community has community policing. Find out who’s working to help keep kids out of trouble. Be a volunteer or mentor.
- 56. National Crime PreventionCouncil 56 To, From, and at School Best Practices for the Children
- 57. National Crime PreventionCouncil 57 School Safety Tips Check out the route your child takes when going to school. Make sure your child travels with others to and from school. Tell your child that anything that makes him or her uncomfortable or suspicious should be reported immediately to you and to school officials. Ask about the safety plan for your child’s school.
- 58. National Crime PreventionCouncil 58 Identity Theft and Cybersafety
- 59. National Crime PreventionCouncil 59 Identity Theft Don’t give out personal information over the phone. Shred all documents, especially those containing credit card offers or other personal information. Don’t use your mother’s maiden name as a password. Minimize the identification information and the number of cards you carry.
- 60. National Crime PreventionCouncil 60 Identity Theft (continued) Don’t carry your Social Security card, birth certificate, or passport with you, unless absolutely necessary. Don’t put your telephone number or Social Security number on checks. Pay attention to your billing cycles. Obtain a copy of your credit report twice a year.
- 61. National Crime PreventionCouncil 61 Your Credit Report You should check your credit report at least twice a year. The three major credit bureaus are • Equifax: www.equifax.com • Trans Union: www.transunion.com • Experian: www.experian.com The Fair Credit Reporting Act allows you to get one free credit report from each of the credit bureaus once per year. • For more information visit www.annualcreditreport.com
- 62. National Crime PreventionCouncil 62 Be cautious before giving out your name and personal information to others online. Be careful about sending personal information over the Internet, by email, or over cellular phones. Don’t use passwords that are obvious. Avoid break-ins by changing your password regularly and memorizing it. Shop online with companies that you know. Look for the “lock” icon on the webpage. Cybersafety
- 63. National Crime PreventionCouncil 63 Use a secure browser that will encrypt or scramble purchase information. Be cautious before agreeing to meet face-to- face with someone you’ve met online. Be careful before responding to messages from unfamiliar persons. Look for webpages that have a proper title, additional resources, or a person that you are able to contact. Cybersafety (continued)
- 64. National Crime PreventionCouncil 64 Small Group Activity Successful Crime Prevention in Your Community
- 65. National Crime PreventionCouncil 65 Debrief
- 66. National Crime PreventionCouncil 66 Questions
- 67. National Crime PreventionCouncil 67 Resources www.ncpc.org www.bytecrime.org www.mcgruff.org
- 68. National Crime PreventionCouncil 68 NCPC Resources Public service campaign that focuses on cybersecurity and -safety Partners including the Forum to Advance the Mobile Experience (FAME) and the Chief Marketing Officer Council (CMO Council) Download tip sheets and the publication Mind What You Do Online, report Internet crimes, and visit the security store www.bytecrime.org
- 69. National Crime PreventionCouncil 69 NCPC Resources (continued) Preventing Identity Theft Consumers Guide, 2005 Seniors and Telemarketing Fraud 101, 2006
- 70. National Crime PreventionCouncil 70 NCPC Resources (continued) Engaging the Power of Prevention: 10 Action Principles, 2005 Neighborhood Watch Needs You, 2006
- 71. National Crime PreventionCouncil 71 NCPC Resources (continued) The McGruff Files: Your Inside Look at Crime Prevention, 2002 United for a Stronger America: Citizens’ Preparedness Guide, 2002
- 72. National Crime PreventionCouncil 72 NCPC Resources (continued) TIPS, With Thanks From McGruff the Crime Dog®, 2003 Preventing Crime Saves Money, 2005
- 73. National Crime PreventionCouncil 73 The National Crime Prevention Council 2345 Crystal Drive Fifth Floor Arlington, VA 22202 202-466-6272 FAX 202-296-1356 www.ncpc.org www.bytecrime.org
- 74. National Crime PreventionCouncil 74 Presenter Contact Information
Editor's Notes
- #2 Introduce yourself to the participants. Describe your background in this area. Mention that the National Crime Prevention Council, in partnership with the Bureau of Justice Assistance, is the creator of this PowerPoint. Refer participants to NCPC’s three websites: www.ncpc.org – main website www.bytecrime.org -- cybercrime website www.mcgruff.org -- website for children
- #6 Read and review each objective. Ask if there are any questions about the material that will be covered during the presentation. You may want to write a list of expectations for the training and then review this list at the end of the presentation to ensure that participants were satisfied with the information presented. You can add to the list during the presentation. Participants with unanswered questions or requests can be referred to additional resources.
- #9 This definition of crime prevention was established by the National Crime Prevention Institute in 1972.
- #10 This is the definition of crime prevention established by the National Crime Prevention Council in 1990. Note the difference from the 1972 definition. As the years have gone by and the definition has changed, more strategies and sound principles give life to the belief that crime prevention can add to the quality of life and improve a community.
- #11 Sir Robert Peel was a citizen of England and received his education from Harrow and Oxford. He was eventually asked to be a Member of the British Parliament. It was during his term in Parliament that Peel acknowledged the rising crime statistics and sought to improve the methods of crime prevention. As a result, in 1829 he brought about the Metropolitan Police Act and the first disciplined police force in greater London. Before this, as Home Secretary in 1822, Peel introduced the Constabulary Act and the Constabulary Police of Ireland was formed. Both of these police forces, the London Metropolitan Police and the Police Service of Northern Ireland, still exist today.
- #12 This Act radically changed the way the government dealt with crime. It created the first official police force. The rest of the quote reads, “The protection of life and property, the preservation of public tranquility, and the absence of crime will alone prove whether those efforts have been successful and whether the objects for which the police were appointed have been attained.” This law set a gradual evolving concept in motion that crime prevention is a desirable objective for modern communities. He developed nine principles of policing that still apply today.
- #13 Number 3: The rest of the principle is “in voluntary observance of the law to be able to secure and maintain the respect of the public.”
- #14 Below is the completion of the principles on this slide. Bullet 5: “not by catering to public opinion but by constantly demonstrating absolute impartial service to the law.” Bullet 6: “to secure observance of the law or to restore order only when the expertise of persuasion, advice, and warning is found to be insufficient.” Bullet 7: “that gives reality to the historic tradition; the police are public and the public are the police. The police being the only full-time individuals charged with the duties that are incumbent on all of the citizens.” Bullet 8: “and never appear to usurp the powers of the judiciary.” Bullet 9: “not the visible evidence of police action in dealing with it.”
- #15 Bullet 1: Prevention was overshadowed by a growing emphasis on investigation, arrest, and punishment. This was likely because of the growing impact of criminal activity (such as the rise of gangs, especially on the East Coast). Police officers needed to arm themselves and respond with increasingly punitive strategies that moved further and further away from the prevention tradition. Bullet 3: Target hardening is seen as a system of prevention where individuals must actually use devices for effective crime prevention, such as locks, door systems, lights, alarms, etc. Bullet 4: Due to the overwhelming rise in burglaries, the National Sheriff’s Association developed a national Neighborhood Watch program. Since the inception of Neighborhood Watch, the burglary rate has dropped consistently. The success of such programs fueled renewed interest in prevention strategies. Community policing was developed as a strategy for addressing problems in the neighborhood. Public involvement was encouraged, while community-based crime prevention and comprehensive approaches to reduce victimization were initiated as well. Because of the successes of crime prevention programs, this trend toward prevention-based policing underscores the need to establish standards by which local law enforcement agencies can gauge their crime prevention efforts.
- #16 In other words, a crime occurs, someone calls 911, a patrol car is sent. The patrol officer responds to the crime, takes a report, then the detective responds after the report is taken to investigate the offense.
- #17 With a more proactive approach to crime prevention, positive steps are taken before a crime occurs, which may prevent the crime from happening.
- #18 Educating citizens on crime prevention basics, like the presentation here.
- #19 The Crime Prevention Coalition of America is a nonpartisan group of national, state, federal, and community-based organizations committed to taking action to prevent crime. Its members include crime prevention organizations, law enforcement agencies, youth development organizations, Neighborhood and Block Watch groups, city and county government agencies, national organizations (e.g., Boys & Girls Clubs of America, National Criminal Justice Association, National District Attorneys Association), federal and state government agencies, and state crime prevention associations. These organizations share the common vision that, by working together, we can create safe and caring communities where every individual is free from crime, the fear of crime, and the costs—physical, emotional, and financial—that crime imposes on us. The Crime Prevention Coalition of America promotes this message nationwide. Coalition member organizations develop conferences to share cutting-edge information and programming related to prevention; train law enforcement officers, policymakers, and citizens in the principles of prevention; and promote the prevention-first approach to crime.
- #20 The 10 Action Principles were published in 2005 and were distributed by the National Crime Prevention Council (NCPC) at the 7th National Conference on Preventing Crime: Silver Successes Golden Opportunities, October 8–11, 2005. The principles on the following slides have been adopted and used by many crime prevention agencies across the country in addition to the state crime prevention coalitions.
- #21 The 10 Action Principles of crime prevention developed by the National Crime Prevention Council and adopted by the Crime Prevention Coalition of America.
- #22 The 10 Action Principles of crime prevention developed by the National Crime Prevention Council and adopted by the Crime Prevention Coalition of America.
- #24 While the core goal of a crime prevention program is prevention, instituting a crime prevention program benefits a community in other ways as well. Law enforcement and the community can be partners in improving the area. (Trainer: Go over the remaining points with local emphasis such as successful programs within your own district.) When every member of a community takes responsibility for eliminating crime from their neighborhoods, their streets will become safer. The important thing to stress is that it is ultimately the responsibility of the community at large. Programs such as Citizen Corps are geared to reach out to those who are ready to take responsibility for safer homes.
- #25 Ensure that participants know the definition of stakeholders: private and public organizations and categories or groups of people who will benefit if a crime problem is addressed or who may experience negative consequences if the problem is not addressed.
- #26 Some examples of how crime prevention tactics can save money. Bullet 1: Violence occurs in many forms and usually begins with a disagreement. Often, the parties involved know each other. Victims of murder, rape, robbery, assault, and abuse or neglect can spend over $44 billion annually on property damage, medical care, and mental health care. Many court systems have instituted mediation programs to help resolve some of these issues. Bullet 2: Mediation programs have proven effective in preventing juvenile violence. Mediators are also often called to work with neighborhood gangs. Additional preventative measures that have proven successful are peer mediation in schools; teen courts; mediation programs and conflict management training for students, teachers, and counselors; and service-learning training and activities. Bullet 3: Improved street lighting enhances visibility, making it riskier for criminals to act. It also encourages residents and visitors to use of the area often, which also makes it riskier for criminals to act.
- #27 Bullet 1: CPTED principles that can benefit neighborhoods are: Accessibility—Employs elements like doors, shrubs, fences, and gates to deny admission to a crime target and to create a perception among offenders that there is a risk in selecting targets in this neighborhood. Surveillance—Utilizes design features to increase the visibility of a property or building. The proper placement and design of windows, lighting, and landscaping allows owners and others who care about the property to observe intruders as well as regular users. Territoriality—Uses design elements as sidewalks, landscaping, and porches to help distinguish between public and private areas and helps users exhibit signs of “ownership” that send “hands off” messages to would-be offenders. Physical maintenance—Repair, replacement, and general upkeep. Allows for the continued use of a space for its intended purpose. Serves as an additional expression of ownership. Order maintenance—Removing undesirable environmental conditions (i.e., graffiti, trash within a park) and enhancing environmental conditions that support safety, order, and comfort.
- #28 Ask the participants for responses to these questions. Then do a comparison. The responses to these questions are: 1982: Drive (or walk) to the nearest phone, wait for police, or a kind stranger to call for help. Today: Use a cell phone. 1982: Although ATMs existed in 1982, these machines weren’t as available as they are today. Bank cards also serve multiple functions and can be used in almost any venue today. 1982: A Walkman made a bulge in most pockets. They even had their own cases. Today: iPods and similar devices sit comfortably in a shirt pocket and crank out excellent sound. In 1982, a TV with a 20-inch screen generally weighed 120–150 pounds and was awkward to carry, even for two people. Today: A similarly sized flat-screen TV weighs about 60–70 pounds and is far easier to carry (especially by one person). LCD TVs are even lighter and more attractive to criminals. All of these are good examples of how much change most of us have experienced in the last 25 years. Experts estimate that the rate of change will only increase. You and people in the audience may be able to add good examples.
- #29 The 21st century has opened the door to a wide variety of new technologies, advances in medicine, and unique, fast ways to communicate. Unfortunately, with each new development there are people (potential criminals) who try to find ways to turn a positive development into a negative experience. In other words, commit a crime. Online banking and other e-commerce makes it plausible that banks and similar organizations would communicate with customers by email. Criminals use this ploy to fool customers into providing information. Cyberbullying is teasing, taunting, rumor mongering, etc. that happens using technology such as email, text messaging, or social networking websites. This form of bullying is disproportionately practiced by teenage girls. Identity theft is not new. Recent advances in technology make this crime easier to commit and consequently more prevalent. After the attacks on September 11, 2001, terrorism prevention or homeland security for local communities emerged as an added crime prevention responsibility. Often these mandates come without extra resources and/or the funding needed to make the required changes. Recent drugs such as “Date rape drugs,” such as Rohypnol or GHB, are virtually undetectable. They are tasteless, odorless, and colorless and leave the body within 72 hours of ingestion. Date rape drugs can easily be slipped into drinks and food and they act quickly. They render the victim unconscious but responsive with little or no memory of what happened while the drug was active in their system. Ecstasy or Adam, E, Roll, or X produces intensely pleasurable effects including an enhanced sense of self-confidence and energy. Effects include feelings of peacefulness, acceptance, and empathy. Users say they experience feelings of closeness with others and a desire to touch others. Other effects can include involuntary teeth clenching, a loss of inhibitions, transfixion on sights and sounds, nausea, blurred vision, chills, and/or sweating. Methamphetamines are drugs that can be easily made using household chemicals. It is an extremely powerful stimulant that affects the central nervous system and causes long-term effects to the brain. Meth use dilates the pupils and produces temporary hyperactivity, euphoria, and a sense of increased energy, tremors, and increased heart rate, blood pressure, body temperature, and rate of breathing.
- #30 Looking at crime trends suggests ways that we can better tap into prevention and promote the value of prevention when responding to changes.
- #31 There are many approaches and habits that can be developed to help deter crime and keep you, your family, and your community safe. When thinking about crime prevention, keep in mind the four Ds when instituting a new strategy. The following slides presents tips and best practices for crime prevention in various settings. Bullet 2: Use security devices such as heavy-duty locks or other devices like motion lights and detectors to prevent a suspect from committing the crime as quickly as possible. Bullet 3: Use devices at entryways to discover the act upon commission, which can also alert your family and authorities that a crime is in progress, such as an alarms for the doors and windows and window locks. Bullet 4: Make potential criminals look elsewhere to commit a crime. Posted signs like “Neighborhood Watch” and “Block Watch,” as well as lighting and obviously alert neighbors are warnings to any criminal.
- #34 The primary target of entry for most residential burglaries is the door. Following these tips will only help to make your home safer. Dash 2: Keep in mind that chain locks are primarily a privacy device and should never be relied upon for maximum security. Deadbolt locks are best. Also, most door frames consist of two 2 x 4 boards nailed together. Often the frame of the door is the weakest point. Replacing the screws with longer screws will provide a more solid and secure lock. Dash 3: The peephole should be accessible to everyone in the home. Install two peepholes at different heights if necessary. Dash 4: You want to be able to tell who’s there. Motion detector light, flood lights, or similar lighting can brighten up the property. Remember, if you are expecting a salesperson from a company or a utility employee, he or she should have proper identification.
- #35 Dash 1: You don’t want crooks to have a place to hide. Dash 2: Don’t hide your keys around the outside of your house. Burglars usually look under the door mat or a flower pot.
- #36 Bullet 1: Let management know if these areas are not well-lit. If there are light bulbs that need replacing, let management know. Bullet 2: Request management to put longer screws in the latch plate. Bullet 3: If not, be cautious when obtaining your mail in the evenings and early mornings. Bullet 4: It is good to have your light on a timer so that you know your light will automatically come on at a preset time.
- #39 Dash 1: When the car is immobile, you can become vulnerable. Be cautious when stopping at a light or stop sign. Make sure your car doors are locked and that your windows are rolled up. Leave enough space between you and the car in front of you. Always look for a possible means of escape. Dash 2: Garages and parking lots can be vulnerable areas as well. Be sure to have your key ready to unlock the door as soon as you approach your car. Scan the area around your car to be sure nothing strange or out of the ordinary is present. Dash 3: Be careful when filling up at a gas station. Be sure to lock your doors when leaving your car, to pay the attendant for your gas, or when filling your tank.
- #40 Dash 2: If anyone approaches you and makes you nervous, leave and get help. Dash 3: Trust your instincts. If something makes you feel uneasy, get into the car quickly, lock the doors and windows, and drive away. People approaching with questions may be a tactic used to draw your attention in order to commit a crime.
- #41 Dash 1: If it is a hot day and you don’t have air conditioning, at least keep your windows partially up for safety. Dash 2: If you sense trouble, you may need to drive off in a hurry. This way, you will have room to drive around other cars in order to leave the area.
- #42 Dash 1: Call for roadside assistance or let the state police know that a person needs help. This is a safe way to provide help or assistance. Dash 2: Write down the license number and make and model of the car. Call 911 (or your local emergency number) on your cell phone if you have one, or ask convenience store or gas station personnel to help you. Dash 3: Don’t speed or drive erratically to escape the unmarked car. Call 911 if you are still suspicious.
- #43 Dash 1: One in five cars stolen had the keys in its ignition. Some localities have made leaving a car running unattended against the law. Dash 2: Avoid parking near dumpsters, woods, large vans or trucks, or anything else that limits your visibility. Also, if you are parking in a garage, use a garage that has an attendant. Leave only your ignition key with no identification. Dash 3: This is the most common reason for break-ins. Dash 4. Trust your instincts. If you don’t feel comfortable, drive away.
- #45 Dash 1: Try not to weigh yourself down with too many parcels.
- #46 Some joggers may have the mistaken idea that because they usually don’t carry large sums of money (if any at all) when they jog that they are not likely candidates to become victims of crime. Unfortunately, this is not true. Joggers must always be aware of their surroundings and take appropriate action to protect themselves. One of the most serious problems for joggers is not paying attention. They become so preoccupied with jogging and that physical act that they lose touch with what is going on around them. Many joggers use an iPod or a walkman, which makes them lose even more concentration. Being alert and being aware is vital at all times. Many joggers have been victims of Robbery Theft Sexual assault Assault and battery
- #47 If you think you are being followed, try crossing the street, going to the nearest police station (if one is nearby), store (i.e. convenience store), other business or heavily populated and well-lit area.
- #48 Dashes 1 and 2: Scan your surroundings before using an ATM. Also choose an ATM that does not have tall bushes nearby. If anything at all makes you feel uncomfortable or anyone looks suspicious, leave immediately. Dash 4: Have your access cards and any other documents ready when you approach an ATM. Fumbling with a wallet or purse makes you easy prey for a criminal. Dash 5: A PIN should never be entered if anyone else can see the screen or keypad. Use your body to shield your transaction from onlookers. Dash 6: Do not stand in front of the machine or to the side to count or display your cash. This is an invitation to criminals.
- #50 Bullet 1: Make sure you include both outside and inside lights. Bullet 3: Having a full mailbox or newspapers gathered at the door alerts criminals that no one is home.
- #51 Bullet 1: Plan to use credit cards or travelers’ checks instead of cash whenever possible. Wallets and purses should contain only the bare minimum. Bullet 2: A money pouch or a “fanny pack” can be worn under clothes. Bullet 3: Lots of heavy, cumbersome bags will slow a vacationer down and make you more vulnerable to criminals. Bullet 5: You should feel confident about where you are going. Walk with a purpose and try not to appear vulnerable or lost. A criminal may want to take advantage of that.
- #53 Bullet 4: If your wallet is stolen or lost, you then have immediate access to make all of the appropriate phone calls.
- #54 The next few slides are safety ideas that can be implemented in communities.
- #55 Bullet 1: You and your neighbors are each other’s best defense against crime. Studies show that where neighbors work together, where they know and respect each other, there’s less crime. Bullet 3: Agree that you all want to reduce drug abuse and violence, especially weapons violence. Bullet 4: Trim shrubs, help pick up litter, put in a deadbolt lock for a neighbor who is unable to do so. Check on the elderly who live in your neighborhood and help them as well. Bullet 5: Help to make sure the teenagers have safe, enjoyable places to go and “hang out.” Bullet 6: Projects like this build a sense of teamwork and competence. Have them plan activities that interest teens (i.e., basketball tournament, block party).
- #56 Bullet 1: You may have skills that can help your neighborhood watch program and overall community (i.e., computer skills—You can build a website for your community; writing—develop a community newsletter; organizing—help plan community events). Bullet 2: Many districts have community policing programs in which police work with targeted communities to help them address crime and its causes by solving problems with local residents. Bullet 3: Often many churches and neighborhoods have youth centers that have programs for children. You can volunteer, mentor, tutor, and coach children. There are a variety of ways to help out. All in all, you know your neighborhood best. If something looks strange or out of place, call the authorities.
- #58 Bullet 1: Whether walking or biking and whatever your child’s age, you want to become familiar with the route and make sure it’s safe. Check out the school bus or regular bus stop areas if your child uses them. Look for hazardous short cuts that might tempt your child and would take him or her out of public view (i.e., through a wooded area). Bullet 2: Generally kids in groups are safer. Bullet 4: How are the local police involved? How are teachers and school staff trained? How are students and parents involved? How are you contacted during an emergency?
- #60 These are some tips to keep your personal information safe. Don’t leave personal papers out around your house. Most identity thefts are done by someone the victim knows.
- #61 These are more tips to keep your personal information safe. Bullet 3: If your bills don’t arrive on time, follow up with the creditors. A missing credit card bill could mean an identity thief has taken over your credit account and changed your address.
- #62 Bullet 1: Or obtain a report every 4 months by requesting a report from only one credit bureau at a time.
- #63 These are some tips to keep your personal information safe. Bullet 6: This icon illustrates that the webpage is a secure page.
- #64 Bullet 1: Consider faxing your order or paying with a check if you don’t have the proper software. Protect your computer and your finances by using anti-virus, spam, and spyware software that also provides firewall protection. Keep it up-to-date.
- #65 Directions: (Give participants 25 minutes to work.) Read pages (1–8) down to Cost-Effective Crime Prevention, in the NCPC Topics in Crime Prevention booklet, Preventing Crime Saves Money. Use the ideas from the booklet as you work on this activity. Work with the other members of your small group to fill out the worksheet for this activity, selecting the name of a target group you will approach, what resistance they are likely to offer, and some notes about a strategy for working with them. Use the first row in the table as a sample. Be prepared to give a brief report to the rest of the class.
- #66 Ask each group to give a brief report. Ensure that the points in the Topic for Crime Prevention are made by at least one of the groups.
- #67 Questions and Answers Don’t forget to ask questions of your participants.
- #69 McGruff the Crime Dog® is fighting cybercrime, one of the largest problems facing homes, schools, and businesses today. Led by the National Crime Prevention Council, the CMO Council, and FAME, the campaign brings together some of today’s most influential organizations with a common mission to teach millions of consumers how to identify and protect themselves against threats like computer viruses, worms, spam, spyware, phishing, identity theft, and online predators. Mind What You Do Online is a free resource that you can download to help you be safe in all of your online activities, whether at school, home, or at work.
- #75 Trainer: Add your contact information to this slide.