Head injury types, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and managementVibha Amblihalli
I prepared this presentation for CME at 108 Emergency Services GVK-EMRI, Bangalore in January 2013. I kept it simple and concise as the CME was attended by EMTs too. Hope its of help to any medical professional out there.
Craniotomy
A craniotomy involves making an incision in the scalp and creating a hole known as a bone flap in the skull. The hole and incision are made near the area of the brain being treated.
During open brain surgery, it is done to remove tumors, clip off an aneurysm, drain blood or fluid from an infection & remove abnormal brain tissue
Decompressive craniectomy
It is a neurosurgical procedure in which part of the skull is removed to allow a swelling brain room to expand without being squeezed. It is performed on victims of traumatic brain injury, stroke and other conditions associated with raised intracranial pressure.
Increased intracranial pressure is defined as cerebrospinal fluid pressure greater than 15 mm Hg.
Infections
Tumors
Stroke
Aneurysm
Epilepsy
Seizures
Hydrocephalus
Hypertensive brain injury
Hypoxemia
Meningitis
Due to etiological factors
Components of ICP is disturbed- brain tissue, CSF, blood volume
An increase in the volume of ANY ONE component must be accompanied by a reciprocal decrease in one of the other components.
When this volume-pressure relationship becomes unbalanced, ICP increases.
Nurses as the primary care providers would be the immediate health care professional to assess the patient's response and to determine whether he is improving or deteriorating. Signs of brain death can be identified and reported early by a nurse with adequate knowledge.
Due to stretching forces placed on individual nerve cells
Pathology distributed throughout brain
Types
Concussion
Diffuse Axonal Injury (Moderate to Severe)
Head injury types, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and managementVibha Amblihalli
I prepared this presentation for CME at 108 Emergency Services GVK-EMRI, Bangalore in January 2013. I kept it simple and concise as the CME was attended by EMTs too. Hope its of help to any medical professional out there.
Craniotomy
A craniotomy involves making an incision in the scalp and creating a hole known as a bone flap in the skull. The hole and incision are made near the area of the brain being treated.
During open brain surgery, it is done to remove tumors, clip off an aneurysm, drain blood or fluid from an infection & remove abnormal brain tissue
Decompressive craniectomy
It is a neurosurgical procedure in which part of the skull is removed to allow a swelling brain room to expand without being squeezed. It is performed on victims of traumatic brain injury, stroke and other conditions associated with raised intracranial pressure.
Increased intracranial pressure is defined as cerebrospinal fluid pressure greater than 15 mm Hg.
Infections
Tumors
Stroke
Aneurysm
Epilepsy
Seizures
Hydrocephalus
Hypertensive brain injury
Hypoxemia
Meningitis
Due to etiological factors
Components of ICP is disturbed- brain tissue, CSF, blood volume
An increase in the volume of ANY ONE component must be accompanied by a reciprocal decrease in one of the other components.
When this volume-pressure relationship becomes unbalanced, ICP increases.
Nurses as the primary care providers would be the immediate health care professional to assess the patient's response and to determine whether he is improving or deteriorating. Signs of brain death can be identified and reported early by a nurse with adequate knowledge.
Due to stretching forces placed on individual nerve cells
Pathology distributed throughout brain
Types
Concussion
Diffuse Axonal Injury (Moderate to Severe)
A burr hole technique is used in the following cases where brain surgery is needed:
• To relieve the pressure in the brain
• For the removal of a tumor or blood clot in the brain
• To treat convulsions in the brain
• To remove a foreign object inside the brain
• To place a medical device. For example may be chemotherapy wafers or a shunt
So just upload your medical reports to info@surgerica.com for treatment plan.
Brain Death concepts, Its changes and life after brain death, is the body still alive?? what are the determinants of brain death and who can declare it, bio ethical dimensions of nursing care in BD
Martin Smith persuades you that controversies in brain death should not, and do not, exist.
Almost fifty years since the concept of brain death was first introduced, some individuals and whole nations still struggle with its concept and justification.
Many controversies continue to surround brain death, although there is broad consensus that human death is ultimately death of the brain.
Martin provides a history of the concept of brain death. He describes how advances in modern medicine have made the concept of death, and specifically brain death, muddled. This has broad implications on the diagnosis of brain death – and provides the basis to the controversies that exist.
The concept of death as a process is explored.
The idea, and in fact the truth, is that death does not happen at a discrete moment in time.
Alive or dead may be the only two states an organism can be in. However, the transition from one to the other is not instantaneous.
Martin contends that the process and the nomenclature has little practical relevance. What is important is the point of irreversibility.
He explains how we, as a medical community, can be confident of this point.
The main points are 1) fulfilment of essential preconditions, 2) exclusions of reversible causes and 3) clinical evaluation.
In his talk Martin elaborates on each and provides some important teaching points. As he explains, this is an important concept to grasp as it has implications for your patients as well as broader societal implications in the context of organ donation.
Martin’s talk will discuss the history and development of the concepts and diagnosis of brain death internationally. He examines current challenges and controversies and makes the case for an international consensus.
For more like this, head to our podcast page. #CodaPodcast
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: What You Need to KnowSummit Health
An overview of carpal tunnel syndrome from Dr. Joseph Barmakian, including its symptoms, other conditions which may imitate it, risk factors, how the diagnosis is made and a review of operative and non-operative treatment methods.
http://www.summitmedicalgroup.com/
This is a review of a case of an infant admitted to pediatric ICU as a case of epidural hematoma after traumatic brain injury. A brief summary of the most important aspects. Part of the residency teaching program for pediatric residents at the pediatric and neonatology department at Istishari Arab Hospital, Ramallah, Palestine.
Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intellige...University of Maribor
Slides from talk:
Aleš Zamuda: Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intelligent Systems.
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Inter-Society Networking Panel GRSS/MTT-S/CIS Panel Session: Promoting Connection and Cooperation
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/
This presentation explores a brief idea about the structural and functional attributes of nucleotides, the structure and function of genetic materials along with the impact of UV rays and pH upon them.
Toxic effects of heavy metals : Lead and Arsenicsanjana502982
Heavy metals are naturally occuring metallic chemical elements that have relatively high density, and are toxic at even low concentrations. All toxic metals are termed as heavy metals irrespective of their atomic mass and density, eg. arsenic, lead, mercury, cadmium, thallium, chromium, etc.
Phenomics assisted breeding in crop improvementIshaGoswami9
As the population is increasing and will reach about 9 billion upto 2050. Also due to climate change, it is difficult to meet the food requirement of such a large population. Facing the challenges presented by resource shortages, climate
change, and increasing global population, crop yield and quality need to be improved in a sustainable way over the coming decades. Genetic improvement by breeding is the best way to increase crop productivity. With the rapid progression of functional
genomics, an increasing number of crop genomes have been sequenced and dozens of genes influencing key agronomic traits have been identified. However, current genome sequence information has not been adequately exploited for understanding
the complex characteristics of multiple gene, owing to a lack of crop phenotypic data. Efficient, automatic, and accurate technologies and platforms that can capture phenotypic data that can
be linked to genomics information for crop improvement at all growth stages have become as important as genotyping. Thus,
high-throughput phenotyping has become the major bottleneck restricting crop breeding. Plant phenomics has been defined as the high-throughput, accurate acquisition and analysis of multi-dimensional phenotypes
during crop growing stages at the organism level, including the cell, tissue, organ, individual plant, plot, and field levels. With the rapid development of novel sensors, imaging technology,
and analysis methods, numerous infrastructure platforms have been developed for phenotyping.
The ability to recreate computational results with minimal effort and actionable metrics provides a solid foundation for scientific research and software development. When people can replicate an analysis at the touch of a button using open-source software, open data, and methods to assess and compare proposals, it significantly eases verification of results, engagement with a diverse range of contributors, and progress. However, we have yet to fully achieve this; there are still many sociotechnical frictions.
Inspired by David Donoho's vision, this talk aims to revisit the three crucial pillars of frictionless reproducibility (data sharing, code sharing, and competitive challenges) with the perspective of deep software variability.
Our observation is that multiple layers — hardware, operating systems, third-party libraries, software versions, input data, compile-time options, and parameters — are subject to variability that exacerbates frictions but is also essential for achieving robust, generalizable results and fostering innovation. I will first review the literature, providing evidence of how the complex variability interactions across these layers affect qualitative and quantitative software properties, thereby complicating the reproduction and replication of scientific studies in various fields.
I will then present some software engineering and AI techniques that can support the strategic exploration of variability spaces. These include the use of abstractions and models (e.g., feature models), sampling strategies (e.g., uniform, random), cost-effective measurements (e.g., incremental build of software configurations), and dimensionality reduction methods (e.g., transfer learning, feature selection, software debloating).
I will finally argue that deep variability is both the problem and solution of frictionless reproducibility, calling the software science community to develop new methods and tools to manage variability and foster reproducibility in software systems.
Exposé invité Journées Nationales du GDR GPL 2024
Richard's aventures in two entangled wonderlandsRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
Salas, V. (2024) "John of St. Thomas (Poinsot) on the Science of Sacred Theol...Studia Poinsotiana
I Introduction
II Subalternation and Theology
III Theology and Dogmatic Declarations
IV The Mixed Principles of Theology
V Virtual Revelation: The Unity of Theology
VI Theology as a Natural Science
VII Theology’s Certitude
VIII Conclusion
Notes
Bibliography
All the contents are fully attributable to the author, Doctor Victor Salas. Should you wish to get this text republished, get in touch with the author or the editorial committee of the Studia Poinsotiana. Insofar as possible, we will be happy to broker your contact.
ANAMOLOUS SECONDARY GROWTH IN DICOT ROOTS.pptxRASHMI M G
Abnormal or anomalous secondary growth in plants. It defines secondary growth as an increase in plant girth due to vascular cambium or cork cambium. Anomalous secondary growth does not follow the normal pattern of a single vascular cambium producing xylem internally and phloem externally.
Nutraceutical market, scope and growth: Herbal drug technologyLokesh Patil
As consumer awareness of health and wellness rises, the nutraceutical market—which includes goods like functional meals, drinks, and dietary supplements that provide health advantages beyond basic nutrition—is growing significantly. As healthcare expenses rise, the population ages, and people want natural and preventative health solutions more and more, this industry is increasing quickly. Further driving market expansion are product formulation innovations and the use of cutting-edge technology for customized nutrition. With its worldwide reach, the nutraceutical industry is expected to keep growing and provide significant chances for research and investment in a number of categories, including vitamins, minerals, probiotics, and herbal supplements.
4. Background
Types of conditions addressed by this procedure:
• Tumors
• Blood clots
• Epilepsy
• Nerve Damage
• Brain Injury
• Stroke
5. Anatomical & Physiological Considerations
• Focuses on the brain
and cranium
• Affects nervous
system
• Addresses alertness,
thought processing,
involuntary movements,
etc.
7. Affect on the Body & Mind
• Functional changes depend on what part of
the brain is being performed on
• Recovery time is
1-4 weeks
• Daily life
hopefully gets
easier
8. Affect on the Body & Mind
Risks:
• Infection
• Hemorrhage
• Seizures
• Brain swelling
Benefits:
• Being cured of the issue
• Less discomfort
9. Outcomes of the procedure
• Cured the tumor/disease
• Although it doesn’t happen often, craniotomy could
be fatal
• Complications can occur like infections and blood
clots
11. Surgical Procedure
• Before craniotomy, surgeries performed on the skull
were done through drilling holes into the skull
4 main approaches:
• Drilling
• Sawing
• Scraping
• Grooving
12. Surgical Procedure
• General anesthesia
is administered to
the patient
• An incision is made,
usually behind the
hairline
13. Surgical Procedure
• The skin and
muscles are lifted
off of the bone and
pinned back
• Cut and removes
the bone flap so
that the dura is
revealed
14. Surgical Procedure
• Use of very
small tools to
get deep in
the brain to
remove
abnormal
tissue
• Dura is then folded to expose the brain
15. Surgical Procedure
• Dura is closed with
sutures
• Bone flap is placed
back and secured
with screws and
plates
• Bandage the scar
18. Conclusion
• One of the most interesting things that I learned is
how many different Craniotomies there are
• The most important resources I used was Hopkins
Medicine and Mayfield Clinic
19. Conclusion
• I’m still wondering about the mortality rate
of all the different craniotomies
• I think everyone should learn about how
common brain surgeries are
20. Bibliography
• "ABC: A History of Craniotomy." Phisick. Phisick, 14 Nov. 2011. Web. 1 May 2015.
• "Ancient Skulls Ancient Skills." Phisick. Phisick, 9 Nov. 2011. Web. 1 May 2015.
• “Awake Craniotomy.” Barnes Jewish. Barnes-Jewish Hospital, n.d. Web 1 May 2015.
• "Brain Surgery." Healthline. Healthline Networks Inc, n.d. Web. 1 May 2015.
• "Brain Surgery Cost." CostHelper. CostHelper, n.d. Web. 1 May 2015.
• "Craniectomy." Rochester. University of Rochester Medical Center, n.d. Web. 1 May 2015.
• "Craniotomy." Chicago Institute of Neurosurgery and Neuroresearch. 20 May. 2005. 24 Jul. 2009
• "Craniotomy." MDGuidlines. Reed Group, n.d. Web. 1 May 2015.
• "Craniotomy by Karam Chand Method." Neurosurgic. Neurosurgic, 25 Feb. 2014. Web. 1 May 2015.
• "Craniotomy Techniques." Phisick. Phisick, 9 Nov. 2011. Web. 1 May 2015.
• "Craniotomy Through the Ages." NCBI. National Center for Biotechnology Information, June 2007.
Web. 1 May 2015.
• "Demographics." Surgery. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Nov. 2009.
• Warnick, Ron, MD, ed. "Craniotomy." Mayfield Clinic. Mayfield Clinic, n.d. Web. 1 Feb. 2013.
• "What is Craniotomy?" Hopkins Medicine. Johns Hopkins University, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Johns
Hopkins Health System, n.d. Web. 1 May 2015.
Editor's Notes
A craniotomy is named for the specific region of the skull where the bone is removed. For example, if the craniotomy is opened in the frontal bone, it is called a frontal craniotomy) A craniotomy is named for the specific region of the skull where the bone is removed. For example, if the craniotomy is opened in the frontal bone, it is called a frontal craniotomy
Cranio-latin for top of the brain
Paul broca – father of neurology, helped with the later discovery of surgeries performed on the brain
Prehistoric
Craniectomy is where they cut the brain to relieve it so it is not squeezed, happens in strokes and tramatic brain injury.
Burr hole is making only a small hole in the skull instead of removing a portion
Your whole body is affected by the procedure because its your brain and your brain controls basically your whole body but the main system it affects is the nervous system
