The document discusses the COVID-19 pandemic, including its origins in Wuhan, China in December 2019. It describes how the virus spreads through respiratory droplets and contaminated surfaces. Symptoms include fever, cough and shortness of breath. Over 2 million cases and 195,000 deaths had been reported globally by April 2020. Governments implemented travel restrictions, quarantines and facility closures to prevent further spread. The pandemic caused global socioeconomic disruptions.

1. Fact and Opinion about COVID-19 outbreak
Novia Natalia
20190900009
STUDY PROGRAM INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING
FACULTY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
UNIVERSITAS BUDDHI DHARMA

2. Pandemic Koronavirus 2019 – 2020 or known as the COVID-19 pandemic is a spreading
disease of Koronavirus 2019 (English: Coronavirus disease 2019, abbreviated COVID-19)
worldwide. The disease is caused by a new type of Koronavirus which is named SARS-CoV-2.
(Gorbalenya, 2020) The COVID-19 outbreak was first detected in Wuhan city, Hubei Province,
China in December 2019, and was designated as a pandemic by the World Health Organization
(WHO) on March 11, 2020. (www.who.int, 2020) As of 23 April 2020, more than 2 million
COVID-19 cases have been reported in more than 210 countries and territories, resulting in more
than 195.755 people passed away and over 781.109 people recovered. (Johns, 2020)
(www.worldometers.info, n.d.).
The SARS-CoV-2 Virus is thought to spread among people primarily through the
respiratory splashes (droplet) produced during coughs. (Getting your workplace ready for
COVID-19, 2020) (Q & A on COVID-19, 2020) (Q&A on coronaviruses, 2020) (Symptoms of
Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV), 2020) This splash can also be produced from sneezing and
normal breathing. In addition, the virus can spread due to touching the surface of contaminated
objects and then touching one's face. (Q&A on coronaviruses, 2020) The COVID-19 disease is
most contagious when the person who suffered it has symptoms, although the spread may occur
before symptoms arise. (Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), 2020) The time period between
the viral exposure and the emergence of symptoms is usually about five days, but can range from
two to fourteen days. (Symptoms of Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV), 2020) (Rothan &
Byrareddy, 2020) Common symptoms include fever, cough, and shortness of breath. (Symptoms
of Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV), 2020) (Rothan & Byrareddy, 2020) Complications can be
pneumonia and severe acute respiratory disease. No vaccine or antiviral treatment is specific to
this disease. The primary treatment provided is symptomatic and supportive therapy. The
recommended preventive measures include washing hands, closing the mouth when coughing,
maintaining distance from others, as well as monitoring and self-isolation for people who suspect
that they are infected. (Q&A on coronaviruses, 2020) (Symptoms of Novel Coronavirus (2019-
nCoV), 2020) (Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), 2020)
Attempts to prevent the spread of viruses include travel restrictions, quarantine, night-
time enforcement, event delays and cancellations, as well as closure of facilities. These efforts
included Hubei quarantine, national quarantine in Italy and elsewhere in Europe, as well as

3. curfew in China and South Korea, (Coronavirus : Shanghai neighbour Zhejiang imposes
draconian quarantine, 2020) (Marsh, 2020) (China's new pneumonia epidemic 'restricted
movement' to 780 million people) Various country border closures or incoming passenger
restrictions, (Nikel, 2020) (Coronavirus Poland to close borders to foreigners, quarantine
returnees, 2020) screening at airports and railway stations, (Coronavirus Update : Masks And
Temperature Checks In Hong Kong, 2020) as well as travel information on regions with local
transmissions. (Coronavirus Disease 2019 Information for Trevel, 2020) (Deerwester &
Gilbertson, 2020) (Coronavirus Live Updates, 2020) (Huang, et al., 2020) (Latest information
and advice, 2020) schools and universities have been closed either nationally or locally in more
than 124 countries and have influenced more than 1.2 billion students. (COVID-19 Educational
Disruption and Response, 2020)
This pandemic has led to global socioeconomic disruptions, (Here Comes the
Coronavirus Pandemic, 2020) delays or cancellations of sporting and cultural events,
(Coronavirus Cancellations : An Updating list, 2020) and widespread concerns about the
shortage of goods inventory driving panic purchases. (Scipioni, 2020) (The Coronavirus
Outbreak Could Disrupt the U.S. Drug Supply, 2020) Misinformation and conspiracy theories
about viruses have spread online, (Perper, 2020) (Clamp, 2020) and there has been a xenophobic
incident and racism against the Chinese and other East Asians or Southeast Asian people.
(Weston, 2020)
The first suspected case was reported on 31 December 2019. (Pneumonia of unknown
cause- China Disease outbreak news, 2020) Early symptoms began popping three weeks earlier
on 8 December 2019. (Schnirring, 2020) The market closed on 1 January 2020 and people who
experienced similar symptoms were quarantined. (Pneumonia of unknown cause- China Disease
outbreak news, 2020) Approximately 700 people were involved with unexpected contact,
including + 400 hospital workers, undergoing quarantine. (Schnirring, China release genetic data
on new coronavirus, now deadly, 2020) As the PCR tests the development of a specific test to
detect infections, 41 people in Wuhan were known to have a SARS-CoV-2 Korona virus, (Hui,
et al., 2020) (Lu, Stratton, Charles, & Tang, 2020) two of whom were wives, one of whom had
never been to the market, and three people were members of one family working in a fish shop.
(Schnirring, Second Family cluster found in Wuhan novel coronavirus outbreak, 2020) (Wee &

4. Jr, 2020) The casualties began to fall on 9 January (Qin & Hernandez, 2020) and 16 January
2020. (Schirring, 2020) (Kyodo, 2020) (wjw.wuhan.gov.cn, 2020)
On 17 January, a London Imperial College group in the UK published an estimate that
there were 1,723 cases (confidence intervals of 95%, 427 – 4.471) with the onset of the viral
symptoms on 12 January 2020. This estimate was obtained based on the initial dispersion pattern
of the 2019-nCoV virus to Thailand and Japan. They also concluded that "the transmission from
human to human being sustainable should not be ruled out ".. (Wangsa, 2020) (Imai, Dorigatti,
Cori, Riley, & Ferguson, 2020) When subsequent cases were revealed, they then recalculate that
"occurred 4,000 cases 2019-nCoV in the city of Wuhan... Symptoms began to occur on January
18, 2020 ". (Imai, Dorigatti, Cori, Riley, & Ferguson, 2020) (Newey, 2020)
On January 20, China reported a sharp increase in this case with nearly 140 new patients,
including two people in Beijing and one in Shenzhen. (Korban tewas virus misterius di China
bertambah banyak negara kini waspada, 2020) As of March 3, the number of laboratory
confirmed cases has reached 93,000 cases, consisting of more than 80,000 cases in mainland
China, and the remainder in some other countries. (2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV), 2020)
(France-Presse, 2020) (Deng, 2020) (广东确诊1例新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎病例) (South
Korea confirms first case of new coronavirus in Chinese visitor, 2020) (Hermesauto, 2020)
(Vrius Corona, Filipina Laporkan Korban Meninggal Pertama di Luar China, 2020) On 8
February 2020, it was announced that a Japanese citizen and a United States citizen died of a
virus in Wuhan. They were the first foreigners to die from the Korona virus. (Tempo.co., n.d.)
The first case of the death outside of Asia occurred in Paris, France on 15 February 2020, when a
80-year-old Chinese tourist from Hubei died after being hospitalized since 25 January.
The basic reproductive figures for the transmission of human to human viruses are
estimated to be between 2 and 4. The number illustrates how many newly infected living
creatures are likely to transmit viruses in a human population. The new Korona Virus has
reportedly been able to deliver chains of up to four people so far. (How the new coronavirus
stacks up against SARS and MERS)
Reported symptoms include fever in 90% of cases, (Hui, et al., 2020) fatigue and dry
cough in 80% cases, (Hui, et al., 2020) (Experts explain the latest bulletin of unknown cause of

5. viral pneumonia, 2020) and 20% breathlessness, with 15% respiratory impairment. (Schirring,
Questions still swirl over China's unexplained pneumonia outbreak, 2020) (wwnc.cdc.gov, 2020)
(Experts explain the latest bulletin of unknown cause of viral pneumonia, 2020) The X-rays of
the chest show signs in both lungs. (Schirring, Questions still swirl over China's unexplained
pneumonia outbreak, 2020) (wwnc.cdc.gov, 2020) Vital signs are generally stable at the time of
admission of those hospitalized. (Experts explain the latest bulletin of unknown cause of viral
pneumonia, 2020) Blood tests usually show low white blood cell counts (Leukopenia and
Lymphocytopenia). (Hui, et al., 2020)
2019-nCoV currently does not have an effective treatment or vaccine, although attempts
to develop some medications are being conducted. (China confrims deadly Wuhan coronavirus
can be transmitted by humans, 2020) (Almi.or.id, 2020) Symptoms include fever, difficulty in
breathing and coughing, [88] described as the "Influenza " symptom. (DOH monitors child from
Wuhan, China who mannifested flu-like symptoms, 2020) To prevent infections, the WHO
recommends "wash hands regularly, cover the mouth and nose when coughing and sneezing...
[and] Avoid close contact with anyone who shows symptoms of respiratory diseases (such as
coughing and sneezing). " (www.who.int, 2020) while there is no specific treatment for human
korona viruses in general, the U.S. Center for Disease Control and Prevention suggests that this
virus-infected citizen can relieve its symptoms by taking regular flu medications, drinking
liquids, and resting. (Coronavirus About Prevention and Treatment, 2020) Some countries
require their citizens to report flu-like symptoms to their doctors, especially if they have visited
mainland China. (Wuhan pneumonia : Hong Kong widens net but can hospitals cope, 2020.)

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