This is the ppt that show about the corona virus

1. CORONA
By
S. Ven Vanitha Jenishree
Ist B.Ed.,
Department of Biological Science

2. CORONA
• The word corona comes from the latin word means crown or wreath.
• Genus accepted by the International Committee for the
Nomenclature of virus in 1971.
• As the number of new species raised, It is divided into 4 genera i.e.,
Alphacoronavirus, Betacoronavirus, Gammacoronavirus,
Deltacoronavirus.
• 45 sps are officially recognised.

3. ORGIN
• Identified in domesticated chicken in 1920s in North America.
• Detailed report given by Arthur Schalk and M.C. Hawn in 1931.
• First it was named as Infectious Bronchitis Virus (IBV).
• In 1940s two more coronavirus are identified JHM and MHV.
• In 1960s Human coronavirus discovered.
• Culture media – Organ culture of human embryonic trachea
introduced by Bertil Hoorn.
• SARSCoV, HCoV NL63-2003; HCoV HKU1 in 2004; MERS CoV in 2013
and SARS CoV 2 in 2019.

4. • The first human cases of COVID-19, the disease caused by
the novel coronavirus causing COVID-19, subsequently
named SARS-CoV-2 were first reported by officials in Wuhan
City, China, in December 2019.
• The most recent common ancestor (MRCA) of all
coronaviruses is estimated to have existed as recently as
8000 BCE, although some models place the common
ancestor as far back as 55 million years or more, implying
long term coevolution with bat and avian species.

5. Where do coronaviruses come from?
• SARS-CoV-2 is the seventh known coronavirus to
infect people, after 229E, NL63, OC43, HKU1, MERS-
CoV, and the original SARS-CoV.
• Coronaviruses reach humans through contact with
animals. This includes animals such as livestock,
including camels, and others, such as bats and cats.
• Occasionally, one of these coronaviruses evolves the
ability to infect humans.

6. HUMAN CORONA VIRUS
• Human coronavirus OC43 (HCoV-OC43), β-CoV
• Human coronavirus HKU1 (HCoV-HKU1), β-CoV
• Human coronavirus 229E (HCoV-229E), α-CoV
• Human coronavirus NL63 (HCoV-NL63), α-CoV
• Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), β-CoV
(identified in 2003)
• Middle East respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (MERS-CoV), β-CoV
(identified in 2012)
• Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), β-CoV
(identified in 2019)

7. CORONA and COVID
•Corona is a virus.
•COVID is an disease caused by corona virus. It is
abbreviated as Corona Virus Disease.

8. SYSTEMATIC CLASSIFICATION
Kingdom: Orthornavirae
Phylum: Pisuviricota
Class: Pisoniviricetes
Order: Nidovirales
Suborder: Cornidovirineae
Family: Coronaviridae

9. Subfamilies and genera
 Letovirinae
o Alphaletovirus
 Orthocoronavirinae
o Alphacoronavirus
o Betacoronavirus
o Gammacoronavirus
o Deltacoronavirus

10. • The family Coronaviridae is organized in 2 sub-
families, 5 genera, 26 sub-genera, and 46 species.
• Additional species are pending or tentative.

11. STRUCTURE
• It is large and uneven surface with spines.
• Diameter 80to 120 nm.
• Molecular mass 40,000 Kda
• It enclosed in an envelope embedded with protein molecules.
• Viral envelope made up of lipid bilayer in which Membrane (M),
Envelope (E) and Spike (S) are anchored
• Molecular ratio of E:S:M is 1:20:300
• E and M are structural protein responsible for shape and size.
• S is responsible for the interaction of host cells.

12. M protein
• 218 to 263 amino acid
• 7.8nm thick
E protein
• Different in different sps.
• .4 to 12 kDa in size
• 76 to 109 amino acid

13. Spike
• Average of 74 spike
• 20nm long
• Two subunit i.e., S1 and S2
• S1 is the head of the spike and S2 is the anchor in the viral envelope.

14. Genome
• Single stranded RNA
• Genome size 26.4 to 31.7 kilobases
• 5’ methylated cap and 3’ polyadenylated tail

15. REPLICATION
• When it enter in the human respiratory tract the protease of the host
cell cleaves.
• Virus enters the cell by endocytosis
• After entry it gets uncoated and the genome enters into the cell
cytoplasm
• It starts to act as mRNA to replicate.
• Gets packed in Golgi apparatus
• Exit the cell by exocytosis

17. SYMPTOMS
Most common symptoms:
• fever.
• dry cough.
• tiredness.

18. Less common symptoms:
• aches and pains.
• sore throat.
• diarrhoea.
• conjunctivitis.
• headache.
• loss of taste or smell.
• a rash on skin, or discolouration of fingers or toes.

19. Serious symptoms:
•difficulty breathing or shortness of breath.
•chest pain or pressure.
•loss of speech or movement.

20. • About 81% of people suffers from pneumonia
• About 14% of people develop severe symptoms like dyspnea, hypoxia
• About 5% of people suffers from critical symptoms like respiratory
failure, shock, multiorgan dysfunction.

21. DIAGNOSIS
• RT PCR test
• Rapid antigen test

22. PREVENTION
• Wash your hands regularly with soap and water, or clean them with
alcohol-based hand rub.
• Maintain at least 1 metre distance between you and people coughing
or sneezing.
• Avoid touching your face.
• Cover your mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing.
• Stay home if you feel unwell.
• Refrain from smoking and other activities that weaken the lungs.
• Practice physical distancing by avoiding unnecessary travel and
staying away from large groups of people.

23. VACCINE
• A vaccine is a biological preparation that provides active acquired
immunity to a particular infectious disease.
• A vaccine typically contains an agent that resembles a disease-causing
microorganism and is often made from weakened or killed forms of
the microbe, its toxins, or one of its surface proteins.

24. TYPES OF CORONA VACCINE
• Covaxin
• Covishield
• Sputnik V
• Pfizer

26. COVAXIN Vs COVISHIELD

27. COVAXIN Vs COVISHIELD
COVAXIN COVISHIELD
Developer Bharat Biotech International
Ltd., Hyderabad.
Developed by Oxford-
Astrazeneca manufactured
by Serum Institute of India,
Pune.
Type Inactivated viral method Chimpanzee adenovirus
ChAdOx1 modified with
Covid 19 spike protein.
Doses 0.5 ml 0.5 ml

28. Storage 2 -8 Centigrade 2 -8 Centigrade
Efficacy 81% 90%
Side effects Pain at the site of injection,
Head ache, joint pain, feverish
for one or two days
Pain at the site of injection, Head
ache, joint pain, feverish for one
or two days
Mode of
administration
Intramuscular vaccine Intramuscular vaccine
Persons who avoid
vaccine
Fever, pregnancy Asthma, allergy, pregnancy

29. SPUTNIK V
• Developed by Gamaleya Research Institute of Epidemiology in
association with Dr.Reddy
• Efficacy rate – 91.6%
• 2 doses of interval 21 days
• Type – Recombinant vaccine Human Adeno Virus types Ad26 and Ad5
and spike Protein of SARS-CoV-2.

30. PFIZER
• Developed by German Company BioNTech
• Manufactured by United states and Europe
• Developed in 3 stages
• Uses the mRNA in the vaccine.

31. THANK YOU