1ST YEAR ENGINEERING FOR THE MODULE 3 BASIC ELECTRICAL CHAPTER 3

2. Sri Jagadguru Chandrashekaranatha Swamiji Institute of Technology (SJCI
T)

3. DOMESTIC WIRING

4. CONTENTS
01
02
03
04
WIRING
FACTORS FOR THE WIRING
COMPONENTS OF DOMESTIC WIRINGS
FUSES AND MCB
02
CONTROLING OF LAMPS
2WAY AND 3WAY CONTROLOF LAMPS
05
SYSTEM OF WIRING
EARTHING
GROUND AND ROD

5. WIRINGS
FACTORS

6. WIRING
Wiring is the network of wires used in an electrical system,
device, or circuit..
“
“
FACTORS

7. WIRING
Generally, when making choice for a particular system of wiring, the following factors should be considered;
This is because everyone’s safety is the most vital
factor to consider. Unless the wires are designed a
nd installed by an experienced electrician, the elec
trical equipment connected with the wire might als
o get destroyed. .
Safety
overheating will not only destroy the wiring but also l
ead to hazardous accidents, it is a must that you pre
vent the issue. Even when electric currents are made
to pass through the wiring at maximum level, it shoul
d not overheat.
Durability
wiring system looks good after installation and enhanc
es the visual appeal of your property.
Appearance
Though having a safe and durable wiring system in yo
ur property is important, you need to consider its cost
as well. Just make sure not to install the cheapest pro
duct as it can create havoc for you and your property.
Cost
Wiring system employed should have low maintenanc
e cost.
Facilities used in the wiring should be available (within
range) and accessible when the need for alteration, ex
tension or renewal arises..
Accessibility
01
02
03
04
05
06
Maintenance Cost

8. SYSTEM OF WIRING

9. SYSTEMS OF WIRINGS
5 TYPES OF SYSTEM OF WIRINGS
Easy to change colors, photos and Text.
Previosly,we discussed the various factors
considred for the choice of wiring system which
means that we are choosing the wiring system out
of the variable ones.The following are the various
systems of wiring used in India.

10. CLEAT WIRING
This system of wiring comprise of ordinary VIR or PVC insulated wires (occasionally, s
heathed and weather proof cable) braided and compounded held on walls or ceilings b
y means of porcelain cleats, Plastic or wood.
Cleat wiring system is a temporary wiring system therefore it is not suitable for domest
ic premises. The use of cleat wiring system is over nowadays.

11. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
•Cheap and easy wiring
•Easy to fault detection
•Easy to repair
•Alteration and addition is e
asy.
•Bad appearance
•Exposed to weather to be affected by h
umidity, rain, smoke, sunlight etc
•Chances for shock or fire
•Used in only 220V in low ambient temp
erature.
•Not long lasting
•Sag happens

12. WOODEN CASING AND CAPING WIRE
Wooden casing and Capping Wiring system The cables used in this type of wiring is either VIR or PVC or any ot
her approved insulated cables. The cables are carried through the wooden casing enclosures. The casing consis
ts of V-shaped grooves (usually two to hold the cables of opposite polarity in different groves) and is covered at t
he top by means of rectangular strip of wood, known as capping of same width as that of casing. The capping is
screwed to the casing by means of 13 mm x 4 wooden screws fixed at every 15 cm on the centre fillet. To protect
the casing against white ants first class seasoned teak wood varnished by shellac varnish is employed. Two or th
ree cables of same polarity (either all phases or all neutrals) may he run in one groove and in no case the cables
of opposite polarity should be run in the same groove. The casing is usually placed 3.2 mm apart from the wall or
ceiling by means of porcelain distance pieces of thickness not less than 6.5 mm in order to keep the casing dry a
t the back. The wooden gutties on which the casing is screwed by means of 32 mm x 8 wooden screws are fitted
into walls or ceilings at intervals not exceeding 90 cm for sizes of casing capping up to 64 mm and not exceeding
60 cm for sizes more than 64 mm. The sizes of the casing capping to be used depends upon the number and siz
e of cables to be accommodated in any particular length of run. The table Ii showing the number of cables of diffe
rent sizes, which can be accommodated in each groove of different sizes of casing capping are given. The length
in which casing capping is available. varies from 2.5 meters to 3 meters.

13. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
• Cheap and easy to install
• Strong and durable wiring
• Customization can be do
ne easily
• Safe from smoke, dust, ra
in and steam etc.
• Due to casing and cappin
g no risk of shock.
• Very costly
• Not suitable for weather with high hu
midity and acidic conditions.
• Insect like termites or ants can dama
ge wooden casing and capping.
• High risk of fire.

14. SURFACE CONDUIT AND CONCEALLED
In this wiring, PVC cables are taken through either PVC conduit pipes or through steel
conduit pipes. This conduit wiring can be either surface conduit wiring or concealed co
nduit wiring.
If the conduit pipes are run on surface of the walls and ceilings, it is called a surface c
onduit wiring. If the conduits are run inside the surface of the walls and ceilings and ar
e covered with plastering, it is called as concealed conduit wiring.

15. CONTROLING OF LAMPS
2-WAY CONTROL
STRAIGHT CONNE
CTION
THE WIRES WILL BE
DIRECTLY CONNECTED
TO THE
CORESSPONDING SW
2-WAY CONTROL
CROSS CONNECTI
ON
THE WIRES WILL
BE CONNECTED IN
CROSS
3-WAY CONTROL
STRAIGHT CONNE
CTION
THE WIRES WILL BE
DIRECTLY CONNECTED
TO THE
CORESSPONDING SW
3-WAY CONTROL
CROSS CONNECTI
ON
THE WIRES WILL
BE CONNECTED IN
CROSS

16. SL NO SW1 SW2 LAMP CONDITION
1 A C ONN
2 A D OFF
3 B C OFF
4 B D ONN

17. 2-WAY CONTROL OF LAMP
APPLICATION/USES
Wiring is the network of wires used in an electrical system,
device, or circuit..
“
“
FACTORS

18. SL NO SW1 INTERMIDATE SW2 LAMP
1 A EF,GH C ON
2 A EF,GH D OFF
3 B EF,GH C OFF
4 B EF,GH D ON
5 A EH,GF C OFF
6 A EH,GF D ON
7 B EH,GF C ON
8 B EH,GF D OFF

20. FUSE

21. FUSE
In electronics and electrical engineering, a fuse is an electrical safety device that o
perates to provide overcurrent protection of an electrical circuit. Its essential comp
onent is a metal wire or strip that melts when too much current flows through it, the
reby interrupting the current. It is a sacrificial device; once a fuse has operated it is
an open circuit, and it must be replaced or rewired, depending on type.
Fuses have been used as essential safety devices from the early days of electrical
engineering. Today there are thousands of different fuse designs which have specif
ic current and voltage ratings, breaking capacity and response times, depending o
n the application. The time and current operating characteristics of fuses are chose
n to provide adequate protection without needless interruption. Wiring regulations
usually define a maximum fuse current rating for particular circuits. Short circuits, o
verloading, mismatched loads, or device failure are the prime reasons for fuse ope
ration.

22. FUSE

23. MCB(MINATURE CIRCUIT BREAKER)
circuit breaker is an automatically operated electrical switch designed to protect
an electrical circuit from damage caused by excess current from an overload or sh
ort circuit. Its basic function is to interrupt current flow after a fault is detected. Unli
ke a fuse, which operates once and then must be replaced, a circuit breaker can b
e reset (either manually or automatically) to resume normal operation.
Circuit breakers are made in varying sizes, from small devices that protect low-curr
ent circuits or individual household appliance, up to large switchgear designed to p
rotect high voltage circuits feeding an entire city. The generic function of a circuit br
eaker, or fuse, as an automatic means of removing power from a faulty system is o
ften abbreviated as OCPD (Over Current Protection Device).

24. MCB(MINATURE CIRCUIT BREAKER)

25. DIFFRENCE B/W FUSE AND MCB
MCB can be used for multiple times
Circuit breaker works on the Electromagnetism a
nd switching principle.
Manually as well as automatically operated.
Fuses can be used only once.
Fuse works on the electrical and thermal properties of
the conducting materials.
Completely automatically.
The Circuit breaker is used as an ON/OFF switches.
Operating time is comparatively more than that of the fuse
. (0.02 – 0.05 seconds)
Cost of circuit breaker is high..
Fuse cannot be used as as an ON/OFF switch..
Easy to Operating time of fuse is very less (0.002 seconds
0
Cost of fuse is low.
FUSE MCB

26. EARTHING

27. WHAT IS EARTHING
Earthing is the method of transmitting the instant electricity dis
charge directly to the ground through low resistance wires or
electrical cables. This is one of the significant features of elect
rical networks. Because it builds the most eagerly accessible
and hazardous power source much secure to utilize.

28. METHODS OF EARTHING
There are two methods
01 02
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PIPEEARTHING
PLATEEARTHING

29. PIPE EARTHING
A galvanized steel based pipe is placed vertically in a wet is known as pipe earthing
, and it is the most common type of earthing system. The pipe size mainly depends
on the soil type and magnitude of current. Usually, for the ordinary soil, the pipe dim
ension should be 1.5 inches in diameter and 9feets in length. For rocky or dry soil, t
he pipe diameter should be greater than the ordinary soil pipe. The soil moisture wil
l decide the pipe’s length to be placed in the earth. The pipe earthing diagram is s
hown below:

31. PIPE EARTHING
The pipe is placed at 3.75 meters. The bottom of the pipe is surrounded b
y small pieces of coke or charcoal at a distance of about 15 cm. Alternate
layers of coke and salt are used to increase the effective area of the earth
and to decrease the earth resistance respectively.
Another pipe of 19 mm diameter and minimum length 1.25 meters is con
nected at the top of GI pipe through reducing socket.
During summer the moisture in the soil decreases, which causes an increa
se in earth resistance. So a cement concrete work is done to keep the wat
er arrangement accessible, and in summer to have an effective earth, 3 or
4 buckets of water are put through the funnel connected to 19 mm diame
ter pipe, which is further connected to GI pipe.
The earth wire either GI or a strip of GI wire of sufficient cross section to
carry faulty current safely is carried in a GI pipe of diameter 12 mm at a d
epth of about 60cm from the ground.

32. PLATE EARTHING
In this type of system, a plate is made up of copper or GI (galvanized iron) which ar
e placed vertically in the ground pit less than 3meters from the earth. For a better el
ectrical grounding system, one should maintain the earth moisture condition arou
nd the plate earthing system.

33. PLATE EARTHING

34. PLATE EARTHING
In Plate Earthing an earthing plate either of copper of dimension 60cm×60cm×3m o
f galvanized iron of dimensions 60 cm× 60 cm×6 mm is buried into the ground with i
ts face vertical at a depth of not less than 3 meters from ground level.
The earth plate is inserted into auxiliary layers of coke and salt for a minimum thick
ness of 15 cm. The earth wire (GI or copper wire) is tightly bolted to an earth plate
with the help of nut or bolt. The copper plate and copper wire are usually not emplo
yed for grounding purposes because of their higher cost.

35. • PREVENTION OF ELECTRIC SHOCKS
 Never mix water and electricity.
 Pay attention to what your appliances are telling you.
 Install Ground Fault Circuit Interrupters (GFCI).
 Make sure you're using the right size circuit breakers and fuses.
 Protect kids with outlet covers.
 Avoid cube taps and other outlet-stretching devices.
 Replace missing or broken wall plates.
 Keep electrically powered yard-care tools dry
 Match the light bulb's wattage rating to the lamp.
 Be kind to you cords.

36. ELCB -Earth Leakage Circuit Breaker
The ELCB is used to protect the circuit from the electrical leakage. When someone
gets an electric shock, then this circuit breaker cuts off the power at the time of 0.1
secs for protecting the personal safety and avoiding the gear from the circuit again
st short circuit and overload.
ELCB is a security device used in electrical system with high Earth impedance to a
void shock. It notices small stray voltages on the metal fields of electrical gear, and
interrupt the circuit if an unsafe voltage is detected. The main principle of Earth lea
kage protectors is to stop injury to humans and nature due to electric shock.
This circuit breaker is a specialized kind of latching relay that has structures incomi
ng mains power connected through its switching contacts so that this circuit breake
r disconnects the power supply in an unsafe condition.
The ELCB notices fault currents from live to the ground wire inside the installation i
t guards. If enough voltage emerges across the sense coil in the circuit breaker, it
will turn off the supply, and stay off until reset by hand. A voltage-sensing earth lea
kage circuit breaker doesn’t detect fault currents from exist to any other ground bo
dy.

38. RCCB (Residual Current Circuit Breaker)
A RCCB is an essential current sensing equipment used to guard a low voltage circuit fr
om the fault. It comprises of a switch device used to turn off the circuit when a fault occ
urs in the circuit. RCCB is aimed at guarding a person from the electrical shocks. Fires
and electrocution are caused due to the wrong wiring or any earth faults. This type of c
ircuit breaker is used in situations where there is a sudden shock or fault happening in
the circuit.
Characteristics of RCCB
• The characteristics of an RCCB mainly include the following
• Both wires phase and neutral are connected through RCCB
• Whenever there is any ground fault occurs, then it trips the circuit
• The amount of current supplies through the line should go back through neutral
• These are a very effective type of shock protection

39. CREDITS
IMAGES-GOOGLE
INFO-WIKI AND https://www.elprocus.com/
TEXTBOOK-P.M.C
MY SISTER

40. Thank you