This presentation is our project aboout Determining Unit cost of a company which is Andi Sari Furniture. So basically this presentation is full of calculations rather than explanation.
The document discusses various cost concepts in business economics including cost functions, opportunity costs, types of costs, fixed and variable costs, total costs, average costs, marginal costs, break-even analysis, contribution margin, and profit-volume ratio. It provides definitions and formulas for these concepts and illustrates their calculation and application in decision making.
Trade negotiations of the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP) and The Trans-Pacific Partnership (TTP) trade deals have provided more fuel to the fire of this ongoing debate.
The document summarizes the costs of three products (X, Y, Z) for a company using different costing methods. Under direct labor hour allocation of overheads, product X costs Rs. 61, product Y costs Rs. 74, and product Z costs Rs. 38. Using machine hours and material handling for overhead allocation, the costs are Rs. 66.54, Rs. 57.62, and Rs. 58.05 respectively. Activity based costing allocates overheads based on cost drivers and calculates the costs as Rs. 53.31, Rs. 50.07, and Rs. 126.65 respectively. The differences in product costs are due to the different allocation methods used for overhead costs.
This document summarizes McGregor's Red Hot Stove Rule for enforcing discipline in the workplace. The rule draws an analogy between touching a hot stove and receiving discipline, where the discipline should be immediate, consistent, and impersonal, just like the consequences of touching a hot stove. The Red Hot Stove Rule prescribes that disciplinary action should occur with advance warning to employees, be applied consistently to all employees who commit the same mistakes, and address the deed rather than criticize personalities. Key principles are that the penalty should be immediate, warnings should be given, and the authority should be impersonal and consistent in their application of discipline. Dismissal is considered the ultimate punishment and should only be used for serious offenses or after
Managerial Accounting Tools for Business Decision Making Canadian 5th Edition...EmmanuelCamerons
This document provides an assignment classification table and characteristics for a chapter in a managerial accounting textbook. The table outlines the key study objectives covered in the chapter, self-study questions, brief exercises, do it review exercises, problems, and a Bloom's taxonomy table correlating the objectives with the exercises. It also includes a table describing characteristics of assigned problems such as difficulty level and time allotted. The document provides resources and guidance for students to learn about classifying costs, calculating cost of goods manufactured, and preparing financial statements for a manufacturer.
Customer relationship management involves managing relationships with customers to promote customer loyalty and maximize profitability. It evolved from a transactional approach focused on individual sales to a relationship-based approach prioritizing long-term customer retention. CRM uses customer data and interactions to develop insights that support strategic marketing efforts like expanding customer base, reducing costs, and increasing profitable customers. It provides value to key stakeholders including customers through personalized service, employees through internal relationship management, and partners and suppliers through close collaboration.
Online sales promotions are short-term activities intended to encourage customers to purchase products or services. Some common online sales promotion techniques include coupons, refunds and rebates, premiums, loyalty programs, discounts, free shipping, free samples, incentivizing referrals, flash sales, bonus packs, popups and hover ads, and contests or sweepstakes. The advantages of online sales promotions are that they are simple to implement, allow for automatic distribution, give businesses control over the promotion, are cost-effective, allow for a one-to-one customer approach, help increase market penetration, provide real-time analytics to measure success, and can create positive word of mouth.
The document discusses various cost concepts in business economics including cost functions, opportunity costs, types of costs, fixed and variable costs, total costs, average costs, marginal costs, break-even analysis, contribution margin, and profit-volume ratio. It provides definitions and formulas for these concepts and illustrates their calculation and application in decision making.
Trade negotiations of the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP) and The Trans-Pacific Partnership (TTP) trade deals have provided more fuel to the fire of this ongoing debate.
The document summarizes the costs of three products (X, Y, Z) for a company using different costing methods. Under direct labor hour allocation of overheads, product X costs Rs. 61, product Y costs Rs. 74, and product Z costs Rs. 38. Using machine hours and material handling for overhead allocation, the costs are Rs. 66.54, Rs. 57.62, and Rs. 58.05 respectively. Activity based costing allocates overheads based on cost drivers and calculates the costs as Rs. 53.31, Rs. 50.07, and Rs. 126.65 respectively. The differences in product costs are due to the different allocation methods used for overhead costs.
This document summarizes McGregor's Red Hot Stove Rule for enforcing discipline in the workplace. The rule draws an analogy between touching a hot stove and receiving discipline, where the discipline should be immediate, consistent, and impersonal, just like the consequences of touching a hot stove. The Red Hot Stove Rule prescribes that disciplinary action should occur with advance warning to employees, be applied consistently to all employees who commit the same mistakes, and address the deed rather than criticize personalities. Key principles are that the penalty should be immediate, warnings should be given, and the authority should be impersonal and consistent in their application of discipline. Dismissal is considered the ultimate punishment and should only be used for serious offenses or after
Managerial Accounting Tools for Business Decision Making Canadian 5th Edition...EmmanuelCamerons
This document provides an assignment classification table and characteristics for a chapter in a managerial accounting textbook. The table outlines the key study objectives covered in the chapter, self-study questions, brief exercises, do it review exercises, problems, and a Bloom's taxonomy table correlating the objectives with the exercises. It also includes a table describing characteristics of assigned problems such as difficulty level and time allotted. The document provides resources and guidance for students to learn about classifying costs, calculating cost of goods manufactured, and preparing financial statements for a manufacturer.
Customer relationship management involves managing relationships with customers to promote customer loyalty and maximize profitability. It evolved from a transactional approach focused on individual sales to a relationship-based approach prioritizing long-term customer retention. CRM uses customer data and interactions to develop insights that support strategic marketing efforts like expanding customer base, reducing costs, and increasing profitable customers. It provides value to key stakeholders including customers through personalized service, employees through internal relationship management, and partners and suppliers through close collaboration.
Online sales promotions are short-term activities intended to encourage customers to purchase products or services. Some common online sales promotion techniques include coupons, refunds and rebates, premiums, loyalty programs, discounts, free shipping, free samples, incentivizing referrals, flash sales, bonus packs, popups and hover ads, and contests or sweepstakes. The advantages of online sales promotions are that they are simple to implement, allow for automatic distribution, give businesses control over the promotion, are cost-effective, allow for a one-to-one customer approach, help increase market penetration, provide real-time analytics to measure success, and can create positive word of mouth.
This document discusses concepts related to cost-volume-profit analysis and break-even analysis. It defines marginal costing, contribution margin, profit-volume ratio, break-even point, and margin of safety. It also includes examples showing how to calculate these metrics using cost and revenue data. The document is intended to help managers understand how costs, sales volume, and price affect profitability.
This document provides an overview of different types of markets and market structures. It discusses markets based on geographic area, nature of transactions, volume of business, time, and level of competition. Key market structures covered include perfect competition, monopoly, monopolistic competition, oligopoly, and duopoly. Pricing strategies such as cost-based pricing, product life cycle pricing, and other approaches are also summarized.
Distribution channels are an important part of the supply chain that focuses on making products available to customers. Channel decisions can significantly impact what consumers pay, with distribution costs sometimes accounting for over 60% of the retail price. While more efficient channels like supermarkets have lower margins, distribution still makes up around 30% of the consumer price. Producers have various channel options to sell directly to consumers or through retailers, agents, wholesalers or a hybrid system. The objectives are to make the right products available to customers at the right time and place cost effectively while meeting service requirements.
Foreign direct investment refers to investment made by foreign companies to establish wholly owned subsidiaries in another country or purchase shares of existing companies to manage them. It provides capital, technology, expertise and new markets for host countries, but can also negatively impact local industries and increase foreign dependence. For home countries, it leads to foreign exchange inflows but can also reduce exports and employment if production shifts abroad.
The document discusses the history and evolution of international monetary systems. It describes the gold standard system before WWI, the gold exchange standard in the 1920s-1930s, and the Bretton Woods system established in 1944 which pegged currencies to the US dollar backed by gold. The Bretton Woods system collapsed in the early 1970s leading to fluctuating exchange rates. More recently, there has been a movement towards more flexible exchange rate regimes and the establishment of the eurozone in Europe.
The document discusses key components of the international financial system including money, banking institutions, financial instruments, financial markets, and central banks. It defines the international financial system as comprising all global financial institutions, borrowers, lenders, and regulators that facilitate the transfer of funds internationally. Key differences between the international monetary system and international financial system are also outlined.
The document defines variances as differences between standard and actual costs. It discusses computing variances for material costs, including material cost, price, usage, mix, and yield variances. It also discusses labor cost and rate variances. Variances are classified and examples are provided to demonstrate how to calculate different types of variances based on standard and actual data. The key information is on defining and calculating different types of variances to identify reasons for deviations between actual and standard performance.
A market can be defined as a group of firms willing and able to sell a similar product or service to the same potential buyers.
Imperfect competition covers all situations where there is neither pure competition nor pure monopoly.
Perfect competition and pure monopoly are very unlikely to be found in the real world.
In the real world, it is the imperfect competition lying between perfect competition and pure monopoly.
The fundamental distinguishing characteristic of imperfect competition is that average revenue curve slopes downwards throughout its length, but it slopes downwards at different rates in different categories of imperfect competition.
Monopoly refers to the market situation where there is a
Single seller selling a product which has no close substitutes.
Monopolies are characterized by a lack of economic competition to produce the good or service, a lack of viable substitute goods, and the existence of a high monopoly price well above the firm's marginal cost that leads to a high monopoly profit
The word “oligopoly” comes from the Greek “oligos” meaning "little or small” and “polein” meaning “to sell.” When “oligos” is used in the plural, it means “few” ,few firms or few sellers.
DEFINATION:
Oligopoly is that form of market where there are few firms and there is natural interdependence among the firms regarding price and output policy.
Standard costing involves establishing predetermined estimates of the costs of products or services, collecting actual costs, and comparing actual costs to the estimates. Standards are set for materials, labor, overhead, and selling prices/margins based on historical data, task analysis, and production process analysis. Material and labor standards consider factors like supplier prices, wage rates, and efficiency levels. Overhead standards may be based on a rate per labor hour. Comparing actuals to standards highlights variances that need management attention to control costs.
The document outlines 5 stages of business evolution:
1) Local business starts as a barter system within villages and towns.
2) Regional business develops between towns and states within a country.
3) National business emerges when trade spans most parts of a country.
4) International business involves trade between two or more countries through imports and exports.
5) Global business treats the entire world as a single market without borders.
Study the international Finance at the macro level. In this slide we will see the Current Account situation of several countries and Vietnam on focus (as of 2008).
In slide 2.2 we will see how to Finance the Current Account deficit.
Cost accounting: a project on cost analysis & budgetingRifat Hossain Khan
This is a project i worked with 3 other students. This project deals with the analysis of costs of manufacturing, pricing, budgeting. The product that we have chosen was Wooden Hanger.
The International Monetary Fund (IMF) was conceived in 1944 and established in 1945 with 45 founding member countries. The IMF works to improve the economies of its member countries and oversees the global financial system by monitoring members' macroeconomic policies. It aims to stabilize international exchange rates and facilitate development through loans that require liberalizing economic policies. The IMF provides short-term loans to countries having balance of payments problems and is headquartered in Washington D.C.
5 Of The Major Trends In International Business James Torpey
As the economies of countries around the world continue to develop, foreign trade and an interdependence of firms, markets, and countries continues to growth and expand. This development has lead to intense competition among different countries, industries, and firms to claim their share within the global markets. There are several major trends influencing the growth of international business, and how the players in the international arena interact. Here are 5 of the major international business trends.
The document discusses various considerations for international pricing strategies. It outlines different pricing methods like cost-based pricing, market-based pricing, and competitive pricing. It also discusses factors that affect international pricing such as competition, costs, product differentiation, exchange rates, and economic conditions of importing countries. The document then provides examples of pricing strategies such as using a standard worldwide price, competitive pricing based on market prices, and marginal pricing. It also gives the example of how Tata Nano might be priced if launched in the European market. Finally, it briefly introduces INCOTERMS which are international commercial terms of sale.
Distribution channels marketing management pptGanesh Asokan
The document discusses key aspects of channels including their nature, design, management and conflicts. It describes how channels help distribute products efficiently by utilizing specialized intermediaries. The document outlines factors to consider in channel design like customer needs, objectives and alternative structures. It also discusses evaluating alternatives based on economic and control criteria. Finally, the summary highlights how channel members are selected, motivated and evaluated over time to ensure good performance.
This document discusses the calculation and analysis of variances in overhead costs. It begins with an introduction to variance analysis and classification of variances as favorable or unfavorable. It then describes the different types of overhead variances including variable overhead variances, fixed overhead variances, and combined overhead variances. Specific formulas are provided for calculating the variable overhead cost variance, variable overhead expenditure variance, fixed overhead cost variance, and other overhead variances. An example is also shown to illustrate the calculation of a variable overhead expenditure variance.
The overhead cost chapter in a business or accounting context typically deals with expenses that are incurred in the operation of a business but cannot be directly attributed to specific products or services.
Multinational corporations are businesses that operate in more than two countries. They are defined by foreign direct investment across international borders. While some countries welcome multinational corporations for the investment and jobs they provide, others are wary of foreign influence. Multinational corporations face organizational challenges in meeting the needs of different national markets while maintaining centralized control. A large Spanish clothing retailer called Inditex operates over 500 stores in Russia, making it one of the major multinational corporations operating there, though not the largest overall.
This document discusses demand forecasting methods used by businesses. It describes short-term and long-term demand forecasting and their purposes. Short-term forecasting relates to existing production capacity and helps with pricing and financial policies, while long-term forecasting informs new plant planning and product demand. The document also outlines survey methods like opinion surveys of salespeople and expert opinions, as well as statistical methods like time series analysis, barometric techniques, and regression/correlation analysis that use past data to project future trends.
This document discusses concepts related to cost-volume-profit analysis and break-even analysis. It defines marginal costing, contribution margin, profit-volume ratio, break-even point, and margin of safety. It also includes examples showing how to calculate these metrics using cost and revenue data. The document is intended to help managers understand how costs, sales volume, and price affect profitability.
This document provides an overview of different types of markets and market structures. It discusses markets based on geographic area, nature of transactions, volume of business, time, and level of competition. Key market structures covered include perfect competition, monopoly, monopolistic competition, oligopoly, and duopoly. Pricing strategies such as cost-based pricing, product life cycle pricing, and other approaches are also summarized.
Distribution channels are an important part of the supply chain that focuses on making products available to customers. Channel decisions can significantly impact what consumers pay, with distribution costs sometimes accounting for over 60% of the retail price. While more efficient channels like supermarkets have lower margins, distribution still makes up around 30% of the consumer price. Producers have various channel options to sell directly to consumers or through retailers, agents, wholesalers or a hybrid system. The objectives are to make the right products available to customers at the right time and place cost effectively while meeting service requirements.
Foreign direct investment refers to investment made by foreign companies to establish wholly owned subsidiaries in another country or purchase shares of existing companies to manage them. It provides capital, technology, expertise and new markets for host countries, but can also negatively impact local industries and increase foreign dependence. For home countries, it leads to foreign exchange inflows but can also reduce exports and employment if production shifts abroad.
The document discusses the history and evolution of international monetary systems. It describes the gold standard system before WWI, the gold exchange standard in the 1920s-1930s, and the Bretton Woods system established in 1944 which pegged currencies to the US dollar backed by gold. The Bretton Woods system collapsed in the early 1970s leading to fluctuating exchange rates. More recently, there has been a movement towards more flexible exchange rate regimes and the establishment of the eurozone in Europe.
The document discusses key components of the international financial system including money, banking institutions, financial instruments, financial markets, and central banks. It defines the international financial system as comprising all global financial institutions, borrowers, lenders, and regulators that facilitate the transfer of funds internationally. Key differences between the international monetary system and international financial system are also outlined.
The document defines variances as differences between standard and actual costs. It discusses computing variances for material costs, including material cost, price, usage, mix, and yield variances. It also discusses labor cost and rate variances. Variances are classified and examples are provided to demonstrate how to calculate different types of variances based on standard and actual data. The key information is on defining and calculating different types of variances to identify reasons for deviations between actual and standard performance.
A market can be defined as a group of firms willing and able to sell a similar product or service to the same potential buyers.
Imperfect competition covers all situations where there is neither pure competition nor pure monopoly.
Perfect competition and pure monopoly are very unlikely to be found in the real world.
In the real world, it is the imperfect competition lying between perfect competition and pure monopoly.
The fundamental distinguishing characteristic of imperfect competition is that average revenue curve slopes downwards throughout its length, but it slopes downwards at different rates in different categories of imperfect competition.
Monopoly refers to the market situation where there is a
Single seller selling a product which has no close substitutes.
Monopolies are characterized by a lack of economic competition to produce the good or service, a lack of viable substitute goods, and the existence of a high monopoly price well above the firm's marginal cost that leads to a high monopoly profit
The word “oligopoly” comes from the Greek “oligos” meaning "little or small” and “polein” meaning “to sell.” When “oligos” is used in the plural, it means “few” ,few firms or few sellers.
DEFINATION:
Oligopoly is that form of market where there are few firms and there is natural interdependence among the firms regarding price and output policy.
Standard costing involves establishing predetermined estimates of the costs of products or services, collecting actual costs, and comparing actual costs to the estimates. Standards are set for materials, labor, overhead, and selling prices/margins based on historical data, task analysis, and production process analysis. Material and labor standards consider factors like supplier prices, wage rates, and efficiency levels. Overhead standards may be based on a rate per labor hour. Comparing actuals to standards highlights variances that need management attention to control costs.
The document outlines 5 stages of business evolution:
1) Local business starts as a barter system within villages and towns.
2) Regional business develops between towns and states within a country.
3) National business emerges when trade spans most parts of a country.
4) International business involves trade between two or more countries through imports and exports.
5) Global business treats the entire world as a single market without borders.
Study the international Finance at the macro level. In this slide we will see the Current Account situation of several countries and Vietnam on focus (as of 2008).
In slide 2.2 we will see how to Finance the Current Account deficit.
Cost accounting: a project on cost analysis & budgetingRifat Hossain Khan
This is a project i worked with 3 other students. This project deals with the analysis of costs of manufacturing, pricing, budgeting. The product that we have chosen was Wooden Hanger.
The International Monetary Fund (IMF) was conceived in 1944 and established in 1945 with 45 founding member countries. The IMF works to improve the economies of its member countries and oversees the global financial system by monitoring members' macroeconomic policies. It aims to stabilize international exchange rates and facilitate development through loans that require liberalizing economic policies. The IMF provides short-term loans to countries having balance of payments problems and is headquartered in Washington D.C.
5 Of The Major Trends In International Business James Torpey
As the economies of countries around the world continue to develop, foreign trade and an interdependence of firms, markets, and countries continues to growth and expand. This development has lead to intense competition among different countries, industries, and firms to claim their share within the global markets. There are several major trends influencing the growth of international business, and how the players in the international arena interact. Here are 5 of the major international business trends.
The document discusses various considerations for international pricing strategies. It outlines different pricing methods like cost-based pricing, market-based pricing, and competitive pricing. It also discusses factors that affect international pricing such as competition, costs, product differentiation, exchange rates, and economic conditions of importing countries. The document then provides examples of pricing strategies such as using a standard worldwide price, competitive pricing based on market prices, and marginal pricing. It also gives the example of how Tata Nano might be priced if launched in the European market. Finally, it briefly introduces INCOTERMS which are international commercial terms of sale.
Distribution channels marketing management pptGanesh Asokan
The document discusses key aspects of channels including their nature, design, management and conflicts. It describes how channels help distribute products efficiently by utilizing specialized intermediaries. The document outlines factors to consider in channel design like customer needs, objectives and alternative structures. It also discusses evaluating alternatives based on economic and control criteria. Finally, the summary highlights how channel members are selected, motivated and evaluated over time to ensure good performance.
This document discusses the calculation and analysis of variances in overhead costs. It begins with an introduction to variance analysis and classification of variances as favorable or unfavorable. It then describes the different types of overhead variances including variable overhead variances, fixed overhead variances, and combined overhead variances. Specific formulas are provided for calculating the variable overhead cost variance, variable overhead expenditure variance, fixed overhead cost variance, and other overhead variances. An example is also shown to illustrate the calculation of a variable overhead expenditure variance.
The overhead cost chapter in a business or accounting context typically deals with expenses that are incurred in the operation of a business but cannot be directly attributed to specific products or services.
Multinational corporations are businesses that operate in more than two countries. They are defined by foreign direct investment across international borders. While some countries welcome multinational corporations for the investment and jobs they provide, others are wary of foreign influence. Multinational corporations face organizational challenges in meeting the needs of different national markets while maintaining centralized control. A large Spanish clothing retailer called Inditex operates over 500 stores in Russia, making it one of the major multinational corporations operating there, though not the largest overall.
This document discusses demand forecasting methods used by businesses. It describes short-term and long-term demand forecasting and their purposes. Short-term forecasting relates to existing production capacity and helps with pricing and financial policies, while long-term forecasting informs new plant planning and product demand. The document also outlines survey methods like opinion surveys of salespeople and expert opinions, as well as statistical methods like time series analysis, barometric techniques, and regression/correlation analysis that use past data to project future trends.
Dokumen tersebut menjelaskan tentang definisi dan determinan resiko audit serta cara mengendalikannya. Resiko audit adalah kemungkinan pendapat auditor salah terhadap laporan keuangan karena kesalahan material yang tidak terdeteksi. Determinannya adalah kemungkinan terjadinya kesalahan akuntansi dan kemungkinan tidak terdeteksi dalam audit. Untuk mengendalikan resiko, auditor perlu mempertimbangkan faktor-faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi res
Education in Papua (Theory of Change and Program Logic Model)Heickal Pradinanta
This paper shows the theory of change (ToC) and program logic model based on Ratio, Health and Affection (Rasio, Raga, Rasa) which explained about education in Papua.
Lecturer: Mr Rusdi Akbar
this presentation talks about the balance sheet which discussed in the book of Accounting Theory (conceptual issues in a political and economic environment, eight edition) by Harry I Wolk, James L Dodd, John J Rozycki.
Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang postulat, prinsip, dan standar akuntansi yang menjadi pedoman penyusunan laporan keuangan. Postulat akuntansi meliputi economic entity, going concern, dan monetary unit. Prinsip-prinsipnya mencakup historical cost, revenue, matching, dan full disclosure. Standar akuntansi disusun oleh Dewan Standar Akuntansi Keuangan Indonesia untuk menyediakan informasi keuangan yang jelas, konsisten, dan dapat dibandingkan.
This document provides an overview of the management of an extension unit for distance education. It discusses three main aspects: financial management, personnel management, and institutional management. For financial management, it outlines elements like financial analysis, costing projects, and budgeting. It notes challenges in these areas. For personnel management, it discusses functions like job analysis, recruitment, training, and trade union relations. Finally, it addresses institutional planning, participatory management, and how institutions are linked to the broader educational system through legal and functional relationships.
Resume Teori Akuntansi Postulat, Prinsip dan KonsepHanief Adrianto
1. Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang perkembangan teoritisasi akuntansi keuangan di Amerika Serikat melalui upaya APB dan FASB untuk mengembangkan postulat, prinsip, dan konsep akuntansi sebagai dasar dalam pengembangan standar akuntansi.
2. Meskipun ARS 1 dan ARS 3 gagal diterima secara luas, studi ini menunjukkan upaya awal untuk memberikan dasar teoritis yang terpadu melalui pengembangan postulat, delapan
Indonesian oil & gas sector and the role for Indonesian DevelopmentHeickal Pradinanta
this presentation shows about oil and gas sector of indonesia, such as the histories, imports, exports, subsidies, etc
For video: https://www.stratfor.com/video/falling-oil-prices-reverberate-through-indonesia-and-malaysia
This video is about an analysis from Stratfor East Asia Analyst called John Minnich, which examines how falling oil prices create challenges and benefits for Southeast Asia's largest energy producers.
Teori akuntansi adalah susunan konsep, definisi, dan hipotesis yang saling berhubungan dalam bentuk struktur sistematis untuk menjelaskan fenomena akuntansi dan hubungan antar variabel dalam struktur akuntansi, serta untuk menjelaskan dan meramal fenomena yang mungkin muncul. Teori akuntansi erat kaitannya dengan akuntansi keuangan dan umumnya dibahas dalam konteks akuntansi keuangan. Akuntansi didefinisikan sebagai alat
This document provides an overview of the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM). It outlines the key assumptions of CAPM, including that investors aim to maximize returns based on risk. It describes how the capital market reaches equilibrium when there is no incentive to trade. It also defines concepts like the capital market line, securities market line, beta, and the CAPM formula. Examples are provided to demonstrate how to calculate expected returns using CAPM. The document concludes by discussing empirical testing of CAPM and common findings that its assumptions do not always hold in practice.
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Group 3
The document discusses Apple Inc., including its founding in 1977, current CEO Tim Cook, and products such as MacBooks, iPads, and iPhones. It also contains two case studies about Apple: 1) that Apple does not pay dividends, but investors benefit from stock price appreciation, and 2) that Apple conducted a $20 billion stock buyback program in 2008 to boost earnings per share. The buyback reduced shares outstanding and increased the value of remaining shares.
This document discusses the use of logic models in program evaluation. It explains that logic models can help connect management and measurement by displaying when, where, and how to find the most useful information to manage programs and determine their effectiveness. The document also notes that logic models add value by helping evaluation consumers identify their information needs, key evaluation questions, and indicators. Finally, it provides an example of how logic models can be used for both single-loop learning to improve implementation and double-loop learning to examine the underlying program design.
The document discusses key aspects of creating program logic models. It explains that program logic models are based on an underlying theory of change and include resources, activities, outputs, and outcomes. Assumptions are important but often overlooked. Models should show how multiple strategies collectively contribute to outcomes. The process of building a model starts by identifying desired impacts and working backwards to define outcomes, activities, and resources. Stakeholder involvement and updating models over time are also important.
The document discusses current issues facing BNP Paribas, including a $9 billion money laundering scandal, the European banking crisis, and controversy over CEO compensation. It analyzes how these issues impacted the company's stock price, earnings, and financial ratios. While fines from the scandal reduced profits, the banking crisis led to large write-downs on Greek and Italian debt. Some argue the CEO's $1.43 million salary was too high given the company's financial problems.
this presentation is about accounting theory and accounting research (chapter 2) from accounting theory book, eight edition (conceptual issues in a political and economic environment) by Harry I. Wolk, James L. Dodd and John J. Rozycki
Salesforce.com is a global cloud computing company founded in 1999 by Marc Benioff. It is headquartered in San Francisco and its main product is a customer relationship management software called Sales Cloud that is provided as a service over the internet. Salesforce uses cloud computing by grouping its products into Sales Cloud, Service Cloud, and Custom Cloud. As it continues growing, Salesforce faces challenges from increased competition and needs to prove its security and reliability for handling corporate data remotely while expanding its business model. Businesses that could benefit from switching to Salesforce include small-to-medium companies and those relying on smart customer management. Factors to consider in using Salesforce include costs and benefits as well as security risks. While a
This document discusses audit sampling, including:
1. The definition and purpose of audit sampling, which is using procedures on less than 100% of items to make inferences about the whole population.
2. Factors that affect sample size such as population size, confidence level, precision, risk, and materiality.
3. Types of sampling methods like simple random sampling, stratified sampling, and cluster sampling.
4. The differences between tests of control and substantive tests, and between statistical and non-statistical sampling.
5. Key concepts like type I and type II errors, tolerable error, and expected error in the population.
This document discusses accounting for income taxes. It explains the differences between accrual and cash basis accounting and how pretax financial income can differ from taxable income. It also discusses temporary versus permanent differences, deferred tax liabilities, deferred tax assets, and examples of how to calculate them. Carryforward and carryback of tax losses are explained as well as how to account for changes in future tax rates.
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After this first you should: Understand the nature of mining; have an awareness of the industry’s boundaries, corporate structure and size; appreciation the complex motivations and objectives of the industries’ various participants; know how mineral reserves are defined and estimated, and how they evolve over time.
Optimizing Net Interest Margin (NIM) in the Financial Sector (With Examples).pdfshruti1menon2
NIM is calculated as the difference between interest income earned and interest expenses paid, divided by interest-earning assets.
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2. Company Profile
Andi Sari Furniture
Jl. Solo km 11.5 Cupuwatu 1 Kalasan
Established since 1982
Owner = Mr I Wayan Sudiana
Products sold : Various furniture such as chairs,
dining tables, tables, cupboards, with various
shapes
4. Direct Material Used for
Production
Mahony Wood
Price = Rp 1.200.000 m3
Dimension = 2m x 25-28 cm
1 Log = 5 chairs = Rp 240,000/ unit
2 Logs = 1 Wardrobe (2 Doors) = Rp 2,400,000/ unit
2 Logs = 5 Dinning Table = Rp 480,000/ unit
5. Cost of Direct Material
Sanding (coloring) : Rp 600.000
Dope : Rp 600.000
6. Cost of Direct Labour
9 Working hours per day
Monthly salary = Rp 750.000 per month
Salary per Hour =
8. Electricity
Electricity Bills = Rp 1.300.000
Electricity per Day :
Electricity per Hour :
1.300.000
30
= 43.333,33
43.333
9
= 4.814,78
9. Building Depreciation
The total area = 608 m2
Building standard rate (2014) per m2 = 2.000.000
Building cost in 2014 = 608 m2 x 2.000.000/m
=Rp 1.216.000.000,-
Estimated useful life = 40 years
Building depreciation expense per year =
1.216.000
40
= 30.400.000
18. Chairs
Dimension = 60 X 45 X 20 (length of the leg)
Raw material per unit:
Wood = Rp 240.000
Miscellaneous (Melamine + Thinner) = Rp 5.000
Sanding cost per unit=
Doping cost=
600.000
20
= 30.000
600.000
40
=15.000
19. Chair
Direct materials Used to Make 1 Chair
1. Mahony Wood = Rp 240.000
2. Misc Cost = Rp 5.000
3. Sanding = Rp 30.000
4. Doping = Rp 15.000
Total Rp 290.000
20. Chair
Direct Labour
Workers are divided in teams. Each team consists of 2
workers. One team could complete 5 chairs in two
days.
Salary for 1 worker is Rp 50.000 per day
Salary per hour =
50.000
9
= 5.555
21. Chair
Salary of making 5 units of chair =
Salary of making 1 unit of chair =
Salary for 2 working making a chair =
5.555´18hours =100.000
100.000
5
= 20.000
20.000´2=40.000
22. Chair
Electricity used to make 1 chair
5 chair = 18 hours (9 hours x 2 days)
Cost of 1 unit of chair =
(4.814,78´18)
5
=17.333
23. Chair
Building depreciation
5 chair = 2 days
1 month = 75 chairs
Depreciation of building to make a chair =
2.533.333
75
= 33.777
25. Chair
Depreciation of wood cutter to make a chair = =
354
Depreciation of refining wood to make a chair =
= 250
Depreciation of syringes to make a chair
= = 42
Depreciation of tool rub to make a chair
= = 78
26. Chair
Equipment Depreciation in Chair:
1. Computer = Rp 2.147
2. Wood cutter = Rp 588
3. Refining wood = Rp 250
4. Syringes = Rp 42
5. Tool rub = Rp 78
Total = Rp3.105
27. Chair
Total Manufacturing Overhead:
1. Electricity Cost = Rp 17.333
2. Building Depreciation = Rp 33.777
3. Equipment Depreciation = Rp 3.105
Total = Rp 54.215
28. Chair
Cost to make a chair using Absorption Method:
Direct Material = Rp 290.000
Direct Labor = Rp 40.000
Manufacturing Overhead Cost = Rp 54.215
Total = Rp 384.215
Sell price = Rp 700.000
Profit = Rp 700.000-Rp 384.215
= Rp 315.785
30. Cupboard (2 Doors)
Dimension = 120 X 80 X 210
Raw material : 2.400.000 / unit
Miscellaneous 75.000(hinge, lock system, thinner
and melamine)
Sanding per unit =
600.000
3
= 200.000
Doping per unit =
600.000
6
= 100.000
31. Cupboard (2 Doors)
Direct Materials are:
1. Mahony Wood = Rp 2.400.000
2. Miscellaneous = Rp 75.000
3. Sanding = Rp 200.000
4. Doping = Rp 100.000
Total of Direct Material = Rp 2.775.000
32. Cupboard (2 Doors)
Workers are divided in teams. Each team
consists of 2 workers. One team could
complete a cupboard in three days.
Salary for 2 workers to make a cupboard
=2 5.555 × 27 = 299.970
33. Cupboard (2 Doors)
Manufacturing Overhead
To make a cupboard, it needs 3 days
Electricity cost for a unit of cupboard= 4.814.78 ×
27 = 129.999
1 month = 10 Cupboards
Depreciation of building to make a cupboard
=
2.533.333
10
= 253.333
34. Cupboards ( 2 Doors)
Computer depreciation to make a cupboard
= 5.368 x 3 days = 16.104
Depreciation of wood cutter to make a cupboard
= Rp 885 x 3 days = Rp 2.655,-
Depreciation of refining wood to make a cupboard
= Rp 625 x 3 days = Rp 1.875
35. Cupboards ( 2 Doors)
Depreciation of syringes to make a cupboard
= Rp 104 x 3 days = Rp 312
Depreciation of tool rub to make a cupboard
= Rp 194 x 3 days = Rp 582
36. Cupboards (2 Doors)
Equipment Depreciation in a cupboard:
1. Computer = Rp 16.104
2. Wood cutter = Rp 2.655
3. Refining wood = Rp 1.875
4. Syringes = Rp 624
5. Tool rub = Rp 582
Total = Rp 21.840
37. Cupboard (2 Doors)
Total Manufacturing Overhead:
1. Electricity Cost = Rp 129.999
2. Building Depreciation = Rp 253.333
3. Equipment Depreciation = Rp 21.840
Total = Rp 405.172
38. Cupboard (2 Doors)
Cost to make a cupboard using Absorption Method:
1. Direct Material = Rp 2.775.000
2. Direct Labor = Rp 299.970
3. Manufacturing Overhead Cost = Rp 405.172
Total Unit Cost of a Cupboard = Rp 3.480.142,-
Selling Price = Rp 4.100.000
Profit = Rp 4.100.000 – Rp 3.480.142
=Rp 619.858
40. Dinning Table
Dimension : Dimensi 120 X 100 X 75
Raw material : 480.000 / unit
Miscellaneous (Melamin + Thinner) = Rp 5000
Sanding per unit = = Rp 60.000
Doping per unit = = Rp 30.000
41. Dinning Table
Direct Materials are:
1. Mahony Wood = Rp 480.000
2. Misc (Melanin + Thinner) = Rp 5.000
3. Sanding = Rp 60.000
4. Doping = Rp 30.000
Total = Rp 575.000
42. Dinning Table
Salary for two workers making a dinning table= 2)=
Rp 100.000
To make 1 dining table, it cost == Rp 43.333
Depreciation of building to make a dining table=Rp
84.444
43. Dinning Tables
1 month = 30 Dinning Tables
Computer depreciation to make a dining table
=Rp 5.368
Depreciation of wood cutter to make a dining table
= Rp 885
Depreciation of refining wood to make a dining
table = Rp 625
44. Dinning Table
Depreciation of syringes to make a dining table
= Rp 104
Depreciation of tool rub to make a dining table
= Rp 194
45. Dinner Table
Equipment Depreciation in a dining table:
1. Computer = Rp 5.368
2. Wood cutter = Rp 885
3. Refining wood = Rp 625
4. Syringes = Rp 104
5. Tool rub = Rp 194
Total Equipment Depreciation = Rp 7.176
46. Dinner Table
Total Manufacturing Overhead:
1. Electricity Cost = Rp 43.333
2. Building Depreciation = Rp 84.444
3. Equipment Depreciation = Rp 7.176
Total Manufacturing Overhead = Rp134.953
47. Dinner Table
Cost to make a dining table using Absorption Method:
1. Direct Material = Rp 575.000
2. Direct Labor = Rp 100.000
3. Manufacturing Overhead Cost = Rp 134.953
Total Unit Cost of a Dining Table = Rp 809.953
Selling price = Rp 1.400.000
Profit = Rp 1.400.000 – Rp 809.953
= Rp 590.047