1) The document describes an experimental study on the corrosion resistance of reinforced concrete with different percentages of fly ash replacement.
2) An accelerated corrosion test method was used where concrete cylinders containing rebar were subjected to polarization in a sodium chloride solution. This simulated rebar corrosion in marine environments.
3) The test results showed that concretes with 30% fly ash replacement had the highest corrosion resistance, with initiation times of 54 and 63 days for M25 and M30 grade concrete, respectively.
4) Graphs of current over time showed changes in slope indicating the initiation time and time for cracking, which increased with higher percentages of fly ash replacement up to 30%.
Preparation and Investigation on Properties of Cryogenically Solidified Nano ...IJERA Editor
In the present work, AL-alloy containing 12% silicon (LM 13) matrix nano composites were fabricated in sand moulds by using copper end blocks of copper end chill thickness 10 &15 nm with cryogenic effect . The size of the reinforcement (NanoZro2) ranges from 50-80nm being added ranges from 3 to 15 wt % in steps of 3 wt % . Cryogenically solidified Nano Metal Matrix Composites were compressed by using hydraulic compression machine. Specimens were prepared according to ASTM standards and tested for their strength, hardness and fracture toughness. Micro structural studies of the fabricated Nano Composites indicate that there is uniform distributions of reinforcements in the matrix materials (LM 13). An increasing trend of hardness, UTS & fracture toughness has been observed. The best results have been obtained at 12 wt %. The results were further justified by comparing two copper end chill thickness 10 &15 mm. Finally the Volumetric Heat Capacity of the cryo-chill is identified as an important parameter which affects mechanical properties.
Study of Fire on Structural Materials and Its ProtectionRSIS International
Fire Safety is one of the important parameter in
modern design philosophy. Effect of fire on structural elements
made up of concrete and steel are quite different and is mostly
considered as secondary effects. Both most widely used
structural materials concrete and steel shows different response
when subjected to fire of constant temperature. Thus detailed
study on effect of fire on structural materials like concrete and
steel under different loading conditions, exposure conditions and
cooling methodology is essential. In the present study effect of
fire on concrete cubes subjected to different loading conditions
and cooling conditions are studied experimentally. Apart efficacy
of protective coating made up of piezoelectric powder with
structural epoxy for structural steel material subjected to
temperature exposure is also explored. It has been found that,
compressive strength of concrete cube reduces significantly when
preloaded with load irrespective of types of cooling methods.
MICROSTRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION AND HOT EROSION BEHAVIOR OF CRC-NICR COATED ...IAEME Publication
Erosion behavior of the High Velocity Oxygen Fuel (HVOF) deposited CrC - NiCr coating on stainless steel was evaluated. Th e solid particle erosion stu dy was conducted using an air jet erosion test rig at a velocity 60m/sec and impingement angle 60 ° , 75 ° and 90 ° , on HVOF spray coated steel at 600 ° C. Microstructure, chemical composition, phases present in the coating on the steel substrate was studied by using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and X - Ray Diffraction method. The Hardness is gradually increasing with increasing content of Cr 3 C 2 particles in all three samples. The erosion mechanism of coatings was also discussed and erosion rate is maximum at impingement angle 75 °
Evaluation of the wear resistance behavior of zn ni and zn-ni sio2 composit...eSAT Journals
Abstract The sliding wear resistance behavior of Zn-Ni and Zn-Ni/SiO2 composite coatings were investigated using a sliding wear rig. Wear behavior was mainly evaluated based on weight loss measurements. Effect of applied load and no. of cycles on the weight loss of the coatings were given particular attention. Field Emission Gun Scanning Electron Microscopy (FEGSEM) was used to investigate the wear tracks to determine the prevalent wear mechanisms. It was found that weight loss of Zn-11%Ni/1%SiO2 was lower than those of Zn-11%Ni and Zn-11%Ni/11%SiO2 with a constant load of 10N and increasing number of cycles. Their weight loss took the following trend; Zn-11%Ni/1%SiO2<zn-11%ni><zn-11%ni /><zn-11%ni1%sio2><zn-11%ni /><zn-11%1%sio2><Zn-11%Ni. Morphology of the wear tracks revealed that the wear mechanism of Zn-Ni/SiO2 coatings were mainly a function of particle content. Optimum wear resistance behavior was observed for coatings of Zn-Ni containing 1wt% SiO2 Keywords: Zn-Ni electrodeposition, composites, wear resistance, SiO2 nanoparticles
Preparation and Investigation on Properties of Cryogenically Solidified Nano ...IJERA Editor
In the present work, AL-alloy containing 12% silicon (LM 13) matrix nano composites were fabricated in sand moulds by using copper end blocks of copper end chill thickness 10 &15 nm with cryogenic effect . The size of the reinforcement (NanoZro2) ranges from 50-80nm being added ranges from 3 to 15 wt % in steps of 3 wt % . Cryogenically solidified Nano Metal Matrix Composites were compressed by using hydraulic compression machine. Specimens were prepared according to ASTM standards and tested for their strength, hardness and fracture toughness. Micro structural studies of the fabricated Nano Composites indicate that there is uniform distributions of reinforcements in the matrix materials (LM 13). An increasing trend of hardness, UTS & fracture toughness has been observed. The best results have been obtained at 12 wt %. The results were further justified by comparing two copper end chill thickness 10 &15 mm. Finally the Volumetric Heat Capacity of the cryo-chill is identified as an important parameter which affects mechanical properties.
Study of Fire on Structural Materials and Its ProtectionRSIS International
Fire Safety is one of the important parameter in
modern design philosophy. Effect of fire on structural elements
made up of concrete and steel are quite different and is mostly
considered as secondary effects. Both most widely used
structural materials concrete and steel shows different response
when subjected to fire of constant temperature. Thus detailed
study on effect of fire on structural materials like concrete and
steel under different loading conditions, exposure conditions and
cooling methodology is essential. In the present study effect of
fire on concrete cubes subjected to different loading conditions
and cooling conditions are studied experimentally. Apart efficacy
of protective coating made up of piezoelectric powder with
structural epoxy for structural steel material subjected to
temperature exposure is also explored. It has been found that,
compressive strength of concrete cube reduces significantly when
preloaded with load irrespective of types of cooling methods.
MICROSTRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION AND HOT EROSION BEHAVIOR OF CRC-NICR COATED ...IAEME Publication
Erosion behavior of the High Velocity Oxygen Fuel (HVOF) deposited CrC - NiCr coating on stainless steel was evaluated. Th e solid particle erosion stu dy was conducted using an air jet erosion test rig at a velocity 60m/sec and impingement angle 60 ° , 75 ° and 90 ° , on HVOF spray coated steel at 600 ° C. Microstructure, chemical composition, phases present in the coating on the steel substrate was studied by using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and X - Ray Diffraction method. The Hardness is gradually increasing with increasing content of Cr 3 C 2 particles in all three samples. The erosion mechanism of coatings was also discussed and erosion rate is maximum at impingement angle 75 °
Evaluation of the wear resistance behavior of zn ni and zn-ni sio2 composit...eSAT Journals
Abstract The sliding wear resistance behavior of Zn-Ni and Zn-Ni/SiO2 composite coatings were investigated using a sliding wear rig. Wear behavior was mainly evaluated based on weight loss measurements. Effect of applied load and no. of cycles on the weight loss of the coatings were given particular attention. Field Emission Gun Scanning Electron Microscopy (FEGSEM) was used to investigate the wear tracks to determine the prevalent wear mechanisms. It was found that weight loss of Zn-11%Ni/1%SiO2 was lower than those of Zn-11%Ni and Zn-11%Ni/11%SiO2 with a constant load of 10N and increasing number of cycles. Their weight loss took the following trend; Zn-11%Ni/1%SiO2<zn-11%ni><zn-11%ni /><zn-11%ni1%sio2><zn-11%ni /><zn-11%1%sio2><Zn-11%Ni. Morphology of the wear tracks revealed that the wear mechanism of Zn-Ni/SiO2 coatings were mainly a function of particle content. Optimum wear resistance behavior was observed for coatings of Zn-Ni containing 1wt% SiO2 Keywords: Zn-Ni electrodeposition, composites, wear resistance, SiO2 nanoparticles
This research represents an experimental study on influence of urea on concrete through various tests on urea, cement, concrete and water. Test of finesses modulus, slump test, carbonation test, pH test, urea ingression test and increase in strength with urea percentage .This study deals to overcome three major problems in the concrete namely heat of hydration, permeability, and corrosion of steel bar embedded in concrete. Urea can generally reduce the temperature of concrete both at casting phase and during the procedure of hydration. Urea does not opposite effect the durability of reinforced concrete, except where there is an accumulation of urea crystal growth. Er. Babita | Mr. Ravi Prakash Sharma | Mr. Vikram | Dr. D. K. Gupta ""Influence of Urea on Concrete"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-2 , February 2020,
URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30172.pdf
Paper Url : https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/30172/influence-of-urea-on-concrete/er-babita
Experimental study on mechanical properties of m30 concrete with partial repl...eSAT Journals
Abstract The present investigation revealed the effect of using silica fume and copper slag as a partial replacement of cement and fine aggregate, respectively on the mechanical properties of the concrete. Due to the depletion of natural sand resource worldwide with the increment of industrial waste, simultaneously, partial replacements of fine aggregate with copper slag have been attempted. Therefore, the primary objective of this research work was to conduct the study on M30 concrete whose compressive, tensile and flexural strength was observed. For this study, the fixed amount of silica fume (10%) and the different proportion of copper slag (10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50%) were replaced with cement and fine aggregate, respectively. Keywords: Copper slag, silica fume, by-produc
Study on Influence of heat treatment on Tribological properties of mild steeldbpublications
A study was made on the effect of heat treatment upon the mild steel. Total six samples were prepared for each test (hardness test, tensile test, microstructure test and wear test) from those two was tested as received and rest four were subjected to different heat treatment that are annealing and normalizing (heated on a temperature of 850 degree Celsius). The hardness of all sample was measured by Rockwell hardness testing machine. Wear measurement was done on pin-on disc wear machine. Tensometer was used to find out the ultimate stress and strain of the sample. The result of tensile test showed that the strength is decreased by heat treating and the surface hardness is also decreased by heat treatment. Microstructure of the mild steel specimens shows the grain boundary of the particles and the content of % of carbon present. It justifies the experimental results of tensile test and hardness test. Surface Hardness is the measure of resistance that any material applies. As the specimen gets soft on treating the hardness also gets decreased. Tensile strength of any specimen is specified as how much stress the material can withstand before breaking. As the metal gets soft after heat treatment the load required for breaking goes on decreasing. Wear test is carried out to see the variation in wear measurement and coefficient of friction as the mesh size of paper are varied. More soft the surface of material is more wear is seen and vice-versa.
Fundamentals, synthesis and applications of Al2O3-ZrO2 compositesTANDRA MOHANTA
When the word “Ceramic” comes to our mind, we usually associate them with plates, saucers, cups and mugs. But, the word “Ceramic” encompasses more than just the word “plates” or “saucers”. Indeed, ceramic materials are hard and inherently brittle, but this is just the tip of the iceberg. They have multifarious properties and have acquired a status of high technical importance in the field of scientific research. Ceramics are the soul of the modern day’s structural applications owing to their high mechanical and thermal stability under different challenging conditions. They exhibit remarkable properties such as high hardness, high wear resistance, high corrosion resistance, high elastic modulus, high melting point and the ability to retain high strength at elevated temperatures. Alumina (Al2O3) is one such remarkable ceramic material known for its unique optical, mechanical and electrical properties. But the brittle nature of Al2O3 limits its use in certain engineering applications. Therefore, the strength of Al2O3 and Al2O3- based ceramics can be enhanced by tailoring the microstructural design through the application of strategic techniques that may involve secondary phase particle inclusion (such as Zirconia, ZrO2)
Corrosion Measursement, Friction testing and XRD Analysis of Single Layer CrN...IJAEMSJORNAL
The purpose of present study was to investigate the erosive corrosive wear behavior of single layer (CrN) coatings on AISI 304 Stainless Steel samples with varying coating thickness (0-200 nm) in the range of 50 nm. The slurry jet erosive test was conducted on Slurry Jet Erosion Tester in saline slurry (3.5wt% salt) under the different working conditions with varying impact velocity (10-25 m/s), impingement angle (30°-75°) and erodent discharge (160-280 gm/min). Corrosion tests were conducted in 3.5 wt. % NaCl solution using a Potentiostat, in order to analyze the corrosion behavior of the coated samples in sea water environment. Coefficient of friction was measured using a Scratch Tester. XRD analysis of the eroded samples indicated the presence of both CrN and Cr2N (200) in the coatings.
- In the present scenario carbon emission and sand
mining are major concern due to its hazardous effect to
environment and making serious imbalance to the ecosystem.
Various studies have been conducted to reduce severe effect on
environment, using byproducts like copper slag as partial
replacement of fine aggregate. Different researchers have also
revealed numerous uses of copper slag as a replacing agent in
determining the strength of concrete. A comprehensive review of
studies has been presented in this paper for scope of replacement
of fine aggregate from copper slag in concrete
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
Effect of Quenching Media on Mechanical Properties for Medium Carbon SteelIJERA Editor
In this research work the mechanical properties of medium carbon steel has been studied . the Steel AISI 1039
quenched in different quenching media. These quenching media were cold water, water , oil and hot water.
Hardness , tensile , impact and wear tests have been carried out for specimens after quenching in different
media.
It was found that the tensile strength and hardness increased with increasing the heating temperature values of
heat treatment process. Also quenching in cold water has a great effect on tensile strength and hardness values .
where the heights value for tensile strength was (998.6N/mm²) and the hardness was (360.4 Hv) for steel which
quenching in cold water. The percentage of elongation decreased with increasing the temperature of heat
treatment process. also the lowest values of elongation was after quenching process in cold water.
However, the impact toughness and wear rate values were high for alloy after stress relief and lower after
quenching in different media. But the lowest values were recorded after quenching in cold water. It was found
that the absorbed energy and the wear rate for the alloy quenched in cold water were (23.6) J and
(2x10¯⁷gm/cm) respectively. While, for steels treated with the stress relief process were (62.02) J and
(7x10¯⁷gm/cm) respectively.
Cement and Concrete: Promise of Fly AshDr J.D. Bapat
The presentation made by Dr J D Bapat illustrates the importance of fly ash utilisation. The slides depict how fly ash is used in cement and concrete to improve its strength and durability.
This research represents an experimental study on influence of urea on concrete through various tests on urea, cement, concrete and water. Test of finesses modulus, slump test, carbonation test, pH test, urea ingression test and increase in strength with urea percentage .This study deals to overcome three major problems in the concrete namely heat of hydration, permeability, and corrosion of steel bar embedded in concrete. Urea can generally reduce the temperature of concrete both at casting phase and during the procedure of hydration. Urea does not opposite effect the durability of reinforced concrete, except where there is an accumulation of urea crystal growth. Er. Babita | Mr. Ravi Prakash Sharma | Mr. Vikram | Dr. D. K. Gupta ""Influence of Urea on Concrete"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-2 , February 2020,
URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30172.pdf
Paper Url : https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/30172/influence-of-urea-on-concrete/er-babita
Experimental study on mechanical properties of m30 concrete with partial repl...eSAT Journals
Abstract The present investigation revealed the effect of using silica fume and copper slag as a partial replacement of cement and fine aggregate, respectively on the mechanical properties of the concrete. Due to the depletion of natural sand resource worldwide with the increment of industrial waste, simultaneously, partial replacements of fine aggregate with copper slag have been attempted. Therefore, the primary objective of this research work was to conduct the study on M30 concrete whose compressive, tensile and flexural strength was observed. For this study, the fixed amount of silica fume (10%) and the different proportion of copper slag (10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50%) were replaced with cement and fine aggregate, respectively. Keywords: Copper slag, silica fume, by-produc
Study on Influence of heat treatment on Tribological properties of mild steeldbpublications
A study was made on the effect of heat treatment upon the mild steel. Total six samples were prepared for each test (hardness test, tensile test, microstructure test and wear test) from those two was tested as received and rest four were subjected to different heat treatment that are annealing and normalizing (heated on a temperature of 850 degree Celsius). The hardness of all sample was measured by Rockwell hardness testing machine. Wear measurement was done on pin-on disc wear machine. Tensometer was used to find out the ultimate stress and strain of the sample. The result of tensile test showed that the strength is decreased by heat treating and the surface hardness is also decreased by heat treatment. Microstructure of the mild steel specimens shows the grain boundary of the particles and the content of % of carbon present. It justifies the experimental results of tensile test and hardness test. Surface Hardness is the measure of resistance that any material applies. As the specimen gets soft on treating the hardness also gets decreased. Tensile strength of any specimen is specified as how much stress the material can withstand before breaking. As the metal gets soft after heat treatment the load required for breaking goes on decreasing. Wear test is carried out to see the variation in wear measurement and coefficient of friction as the mesh size of paper are varied. More soft the surface of material is more wear is seen and vice-versa.
Fundamentals, synthesis and applications of Al2O3-ZrO2 compositesTANDRA MOHANTA
When the word “Ceramic” comes to our mind, we usually associate them with plates, saucers, cups and mugs. But, the word “Ceramic” encompasses more than just the word “plates” or “saucers”. Indeed, ceramic materials are hard and inherently brittle, but this is just the tip of the iceberg. They have multifarious properties and have acquired a status of high technical importance in the field of scientific research. Ceramics are the soul of the modern day’s structural applications owing to their high mechanical and thermal stability under different challenging conditions. They exhibit remarkable properties such as high hardness, high wear resistance, high corrosion resistance, high elastic modulus, high melting point and the ability to retain high strength at elevated temperatures. Alumina (Al2O3) is one such remarkable ceramic material known for its unique optical, mechanical and electrical properties. But the brittle nature of Al2O3 limits its use in certain engineering applications. Therefore, the strength of Al2O3 and Al2O3- based ceramics can be enhanced by tailoring the microstructural design through the application of strategic techniques that may involve secondary phase particle inclusion (such as Zirconia, ZrO2)
Corrosion Measursement, Friction testing and XRD Analysis of Single Layer CrN...IJAEMSJORNAL
The purpose of present study was to investigate the erosive corrosive wear behavior of single layer (CrN) coatings on AISI 304 Stainless Steel samples with varying coating thickness (0-200 nm) in the range of 50 nm. The slurry jet erosive test was conducted on Slurry Jet Erosion Tester in saline slurry (3.5wt% salt) under the different working conditions with varying impact velocity (10-25 m/s), impingement angle (30°-75°) and erodent discharge (160-280 gm/min). Corrosion tests were conducted in 3.5 wt. % NaCl solution using a Potentiostat, in order to analyze the corrosion behavior of the coated samples in sea water environment. Coefficient of friction was measured using a Scratch Tester. XRD analysis of the eroded samples indicated the presence of both CrN and Cr2N (200) in the coatings.
- In the present scenario carbon emission and sand
mining are major concern due to its hazardous effect to
environment and making serious imbalance to the ecosystem.
Various studies have been conducted to reduce severe effect on
environment, using byproducts like copper slag as partial
replacement of fine aggregate. Different researchers have also
revealed numerous uses of copper slag as a replacing agent in
determining the strength of concrete. A comprehensive review of
studies has been presented in this paper for scope of replacement
of fine aggregate from copper slag in concrete
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
Effect of Quenching Media on Mechanical Properties for Medium Carbon SteelIJERA Editor
In this research work the mechanical properties of medium carbon steel has been studied . the Steel AISI 1039
quenched in different quenching media. These quenching media were cold water, water , oil and hot water.
Hardness , tensile , impact and wear tests have been carried out for specimens after quenching in different
media.
It was found that the tensile strength and hardness increased with increasing the heating temperature values of
heat treatment process. Also quenching in cold water has a great effect on tensile strength and hardness values .
where the heights value for tensile strength was (998.6N/mm²) and the hardness was (360.4 Hv) for steel which
quenching in cold water. The percentage of elongation decreased with increasing the temperature of heat
treatment process. also the lowest values of elongation was after quenching process in cold water.
However, the impact toughness and wear rate values were high for alloy after stress relief and lower after
quenching in different media. But the lowest values were recorded after quenching in cold water. It was found
that the absorbed energy and the wear rate for the alloy quenched in cold water were (23.6) J and
(2x10¯⁷gm/cm) respectively. While, for steels treated with the stress relief process were (62.02) J and
(7x10¯⁷gm/cm) respectively.
Cement and Concrete: Promise of Fly AshDr J.D. Bapat
The presentation made by Dr J D Bapat illustrates the importance of fly ash utilisation. The slides depict how fly ash is used in cement and concrete to improve its strength and durability.
Corrosion resistance performance of fly ash blended cement concreteseSAT Journals
Abstract Durability of reinforced concrete with respect to corrosion of reinforcement is one of the major aspects to be considered in the management of civil infrastructure systems. An accelerated laboratory test method developed at SERC where the concrete specimen containing rebar is subjected to polarization under a constant voltage in a sodium chloride solution. It is found that the current response with time follows that of a typical service life model indicating depassivation and corrosion propagation. Index terms- Materials, cement, super plasticizer, workability, compressive strength etc.
Utilisation of Fly Ash in Cement ConcretePramey Zode
To meet the ever increasing demand of electricity, Thermal Power Plants (TPPs) are being set up all over the world, thereby resulting into more consumption of the coal in these plants. The disposal of ash derived from combustion has become a major issue now-a-days. The study of Fly Ash, as it is called, has found that it can be used in various civil engineering applications such as bricks and concrete making. This paper reviews the utilisation of Fly Ash as the admixture in partial replacement of ordinary Portland cement to upto 35%, and even more upto 50% in High- Volume Fly Ash (HVFA) concrete which reduces the water demand, improves the workability, minimizes cracking due to thermal and drying shrinkage, and enhances durability to reinforcement corrosion, sulphate attack, and alkali-silica expansion. This admixing proves to be a best filler material which also reduce overall cost of construction and act as an eco-friendly material.
An Experimental Study on Durability of Concrete Using Fly Ash & GGBS for M30 ...IJERD Editor
Concrete when subjected to severe environments its durability can significantly decline due to
degradation. Degradation of concrete structures by corrosion is a serious problem and has major economic
implications. In this study, an attempt has been made to study the durability of concrete using the mineral
admixtures like Fly Ash & Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS) for M30 grade concrete.Cube
Specimens were casted and are immersed in normal water, sea water, H2SO4 of various concentrations and were
tested after 7 days, 28 days & 60 days.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Design and development of high frequency resonant transition convertereSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Efficient document compression using intra frame prediction tecthniqueeSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Effect of modulus of masonry on initial lateral stiffness of infilled frames ...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Enhanced equally distributed load balancing algorithm for cloud computingeSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Energy efficient task scheduling algorithms for cloud data centerseSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Behaviour of bituminous concrete modified with polyethylene glycol for blade ...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Experimental investigations of diesel engine using fish oil biodiesel and its...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
“Development and performance analysis of a multi evaporating system”eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Experimental study on corrosion prevention with rebars along with fibre in r ...eSAT Journals
Abstract All materials or products, plants, constructions and building made of structural elements are subjected to physical wear during
use. Corrosion is a multi- billion dollar problem. Corrosion causes deterioration of material and leads to destruction of
structures ultimately affects the environment. Corrosion is a chemical or electrochemical phenomenon which can attack any metal
or substances through reaction by the surrounding environment. The second is conservation, applied primarily to metal
resources, the world’s supply of which is limited. The project is aimed at preventing corrosion that is minimising the rate of
corrosion using polypropylene fibre and epoxy coating. In this work an attempt is planned to study the effects of fibres in concrete
and to study the coating provided to the reinforcement. To accelerate the corrosion for a short term process of impressed current
is induced. In this project it is aimed to study the effect of coating given to the reinforcement and effect of adding fibre in the
concrete.
Keywords: Fibre, Compressive Strength, Flexural Strength.
Accelerted testing of deteriorated concrete structures due to carbonationeSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
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Abstract The construction industry has been improvising through the advances in innovation and procedure. Concrete, which is the essential part in development industry, is being utilized more than manmade materials and it expands more crude materials. Cement, fine aggregate and coarse aggregate are vital ingredients of concrete .An earnest attempt is made through this project to fulfill all the pre and post factor of M20 concrete by partial replacement of cement by copper ore tailing of 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% and sand by iron ore tailing of 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%. The effect of copper ore tailing and iron ore tailing for the partial replacement of cement and sand on strength and durability characteristics were analyzed and compared with normal concrete. The test results shows that 15% copper ore tailing and 30% iron ore tailing shows the good and optimized results. Its use will lead to a reduction in cement and sand quantity required for construction purposes and hence sustainability in the construction industry. Keywords: Copper ore tailing, Iron ore tailing
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
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Experimental investigation on halloysite nano tubes & clay an infilled compos...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Experimental study on corrosion of steel in soil mediumeSAT Journals
Abstract
There are many practical situation were steel is exposed to soil. Deterioration of steel in such case it depends upon the nature of soil, more especially the types and the concentration of ions present in the moisture within the soil, since soil vary in nature it is necessary to understand the nature of corrosion of steel in each of soil samples. This aspect was taken for the investigation and present in this paper. The weight and electrochemical methods of evaluating the corrosion rate were used in which four types of soil available around SRM university campus were utilized during the experimental work. Steel coupon of 12mm diameter and 100mm length was used, for each soil three artificial environments were created and electrochemical potential measuring was made for five weeks. The test shows that presence of chlorides ions in the soil create very severe environment and the drying of soil reduce the rate of corrosion.
Keywords, Corrosion of steel, Soil, Weight method, Electrochemical potential method
An analysis of raw materials for concretes as metal sheets for solar radiatio...eSAT Journals
Abstract Various researches have been made in terms of materials for absorping heat and their usages. Previous researches have not started from testing the basic materials for cast concrete, therefore it is necessary to investigate the materials as heat absorbers from the solar radiation. In this present research, an experimental method was employed to test the basic materials for cast concrete (cement, fine and har aggregates). This study is intended to know the specific weight, cement quality, heat-affordability treatment , and test for solar radiation-heat absorption and storage. From the research results, it can be concluded that dealing with materials, the best type of sand is that of iron sand and the the best cast stone is that of hulled cast stone. From the specific weight, heat-affordability treatment, and solar radiation-heat absorbsion and storage, the type or trademark of the best cement is that of Puger-Jmeber. It is also the case for the mortar-pressure power, heat affordability treatment, and solar radiation-heat absorption and storage. Key Words: sand, cast stone, cement, specific weight, heat affordability, solar radiation.
An analysis of raw materials for concretes as metal sheets for solar radiatio...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
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Corrosion resistance performance of fly ash blended cement concretes
1. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology ISSN: 2319-1163
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Volume: 01 Issue: 03 | Nov-2012, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 448
CORROSION RESISTANCE PERFORMANCE OF FLY ASH BLENDED
CEMENT CONCRETES
M. Kishore Kumar1
, P.S.Rao2
, B.L.P.Swamy3
, Ch.Chandra Mouli 4
1
Associate Professor, Dept. of Civil Engg., GVP College of Engineering, Visakhapatanam, India, mkkgvp@gmail.com
2
Director General, GVP-SIRC, GVP College of Engineering, Visakhapatanam, India, spulugurta@gvpce.ac.in
3
Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Vasavi College of Engineering, Hyderabad, India
4
Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, SITAM, Vizianagaram, India, raghavassns@yahoo.com
Abstract
Durability of reinforced concrete with respect to corrosion of reinforcement is one of the major aspects to be considered in the
management of civil infrastructure systems. An accelerated laboratory test method developed at SERC where the concrete specimen
containing rebar is subjected to polarization under a constant voltage in a sodium chloride solution. It is found that the current
response with time follows that of a typical service life model indicating depassivation and corrosion propagation.
Index terms- Materials, cement, super plasticizer, workability, compressive strength etc.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------***-----------------------------------------------------------------------
INTRODUCTION
One of the major problems of durability of reinforced concrete
is the rebar corrosion. Rebar corrosion occurs when the
concrete fails to give adequate protection to the embedded
steel. The problem gets compounded since the rebar corrosion
damages the surrounding concrete during the process of
corrosion reaction. It is a common opinion that rebar corrosion
takes place mainly because of the failure of concrete to protect
if from aggressive environment. The protection methods
include, coating of steel, larger cover thickness, better quality
concrete, corrosion inhibitors, and cathodic protection.
Portland cement concrete has been the construction material
par excellence for decades for its mechanical strength and cost
effectiveness, not to mention its properties in general that
make it particularly well suited to building. Nonetheless, the
destruction of natural quarries entailed in obtaining the prime
materials involved, the energy intensity of Portland cement
manufacture and the environmental impact of gas emissions
(essentially Co2 and Nox), etc., have prompted a search for
alternative materials. Moreover, the use of conventional
concrete is notoriously subject to durability issues, foremost
among which are the problems generated by curing at high
temperatures (construction during the summer months,
thermal treatment during precasting, etc.,) or expansive
reactions (aggregate – alkali reaction, formation of thaumasite,
etc.). etc.
The service life of a reinforced concrete member with regard
to corrosion can be modeled in a simple way as shown in
fig.1. This model consists essentially two parts – one the
“initiation period” and the other the “propagation period”.
Initiation period is influenced by the quality and thickness of
cover concrete. The main parameter that qualifies the cover of
concrete is the diffusion characteristic with regard to chloride
ion. An accelerated laboratory test method developed at SERC
where the concrete specimen containing rebar is subjected to
polarization under a constant voltage in a sodium chloride
solution. Using this method many specimens were evaluated
for its corrosion resistance under two grades of concrete.
EXPERIMENTAL PROGRAMME
To increase the quality of concrete, cement is the main
parameter in terms of strength and resistance. The
experimental programme was divided into the following three
phases.
Identification of best cement
Fly ash
Tests on hardened concrete
Cement
In a first approach Grade 53 cements of different brands
(namely C-1, C-11, C-111, C-IV and C-V) were tested as per
IS: 4031-1968. The strength development was slightly lower
as even required by IS:12269-1987. Beside compressive
strength the hardening behavior and speed were investigated
by measuring the heat development of a cement paste in a
thermos container, which enabled semi-adiabatic conditions.
For the test a cement paste consisting of 200gms cement and
70ml water was mixed in a plastic beaker. Immediately after
mixing, the beaker was placed in a thermos container and
equipped with a thermo-wire. The temperature gain was
recorded over about 22hrs. The heat generation of different
2. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology ISSN: 2319-1163
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Volume: 01 Issue: 03 | Nov-2012, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 449
cements relates to the strength gain for those cements are
depicted in Chart 1.
Fig - 1: Heat Generation of Cement
The only alternative to a grade 53 was special cement, which
is used for the production of prestressed concrete elements
(Railway sleepers) because of its high and consistent quality.
The special cement of different brands were represented as
SC-I and SC-II.
The one day compressive strength of special cement was 20-
25Mpa which is considerably higher than tested for the
common grade 53 cements and matched at 7days. The BIS
requirements are greater than 27Mpa with 28-30 Mpa.
Physical Properties of Sleeper Cement
Tests are carried out as per IS: 4031-1968)
Normal Consistency – 29.5%
1. Specific Gravity – 3.15
2. Setting time (a) initial – 130 min
(b) final – 220 min
4. Fineness - 3700 gm/mm² Blains
Note: Finally the best one even from the special cements is
selected from the temperature curves for the investigated
cements.
Advantages of Sleeper Cement
Its negligible chloride content protects against corrosion. High
fineness enhances workability with proper water cement ratio,
ensuring water cement ratio, density, compactness, smooth,
waterproofed and durable concrete. Lower percentage of C3A
resulting in low heat of hydration, reduces cracks and hence
leading to greater durability.
Aggregates
Locally available river sand of specific gravity 2.53 with
fineness modulus of 2.91 conforming to zone II The fines
content in river sand affects the performance of SPs
and crushed quarried granite stones of specific gravity 3.01 for
20mm aggregate and 2.96 of 10mm aggregate were used as
fine and coarse aggregates respectively in all concrete mixes
throughout the investigation.
Fly ash
Fly ash from the nearby thermal power plant was collected
and was replaced with the cement at the time of making the
concrete in different percentage of replacements. The
Chemical composition and specific surface area of cement and
fly ash are shown in Table 1.
Table - 1: Chemical Composition.
Cement Fly ash
L.O.I 1.48 1.80
IR 0.55 0.40
SiO2 19.92 51.51
Al2O3 6.44 27.47
Fe2o3 1.16 7.23
CaO 63,28 4.39
MgO 0.63 1.86
SO3 1.09 0.15
K2O - 3.46
Na2O - 0.70
Specific Surface
(m2
/kg)
545 360
PERFORMANCE EVALUATION
The performance of different steel bars kept under different
grades of blended concretes was assessed in the laboratory for
its corrosion resistance property using the accelerated
corrosion test method.
The experimental set up essentially consists of a non-metallic
container, in which water mixed with 3.5% NaCl solution is to
be poured to the required level. In this container, the
Temperature Development of cement Paste
for different Cements over Time
2
5
3
0
3
5
4
0
4
5
5
0
5
5
6
0
6
5
7
0
0 1 2 3 4 5
6 7 8 9 1
0
1
1
1
2
1
3
1
4
1
5
1
6
1
7
1
8
1
9
2
0
2
1
2
2
Temperatur
e,°C
C
- Ii
Grad
e 53
C -
IV
Grad
e 53
C
- V
Grad
e 53
SC – I
(53-S)
SC – II (
53-S)
Elapsed Time,
hours
3. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology ISSN: 2319-1163
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Volume: 01 Issue: 03 | Nov-2012, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 450
cylindrical concrete specimen with rebar is to be placed
centrally and around this a stainless steel plate is kept. The
rebar of the concrete cylinder is connected through an
electrical lead to a D.C. Power supply to the anode terminal (+
Ve) and the stainless steel plate to the cathode terminal (- Ve).
This set up forms an electrochemical cell with rebar acting as
anode and stainless steel plate as cathode. Fig.2 shows a
schematic view of polarisation test setup. Number of such
cells can be made and connected to a D.C. power pack of
multichannel system. A constant voltage of about 3.0 V was
applied from the D.C. Power pack.
Since chloride ions are negative ions, these will be attracted
towards rebar which is serving as anode by migration through
the concrete. For this applied voltage, there will be current
response which can be measured using an ammeter and the
current response will depend on the total resistance of the cell
system. This applied voltage was kept constant and as the time
increases, the chloride migration will increase and once
sufficient chloride, equal to the critical chloride content for the
type of steel rebar used reaches the steel surface, depassivation
will occur and this will get reflected in a sudden increase in
the current response. As the experiment continues, the current
will increase indicating the activity of corrosion. This
phenomenon will be distinctly predominant in the specimens
with high % of fly ash replacement of concrete specimens.
On the other hand, the concrete specimens with replacement
of fly ash will have high resistance and initially the current
response will be considerably low.
As the time goes, the current may increase only slightly and
will remain fairly constant at a low level depending on the
dosage of fly ash content.
This is an indication that the dosage of fly ash increases the
migration of chloride ions even under an externally applied
electrical field. It is generally experienced that the polarisation
test will normally require a period of 40 – 50 days by which
time the rebar embedded in blended concrete specimens would
undergo sufficient corrosion.
On completion of the polarisation test, the concrete cylinders
were taken out and the weight loss of the rebar was
determined. As this test simulates a real condition of a
structure exposed to marine environment, the test results can
be considered meaningful for a performance evaluation with
regard to controlling corrosion.
Standardisation of the test method
The test method was standardised in the laboratory by
considering different parameters such as variation in voltage,
solution concentration, cover thickness and pre-conditioning
and finally the values were standardised and are given below.
4. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology ISSN: 2319-1163
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Volume: 01 Issue: 03 | Nov-2012, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 451
Applied constant voltage : 3.0V
Sodium chloride Concentration :3.5% NaCl
Preconditioning: Curing in Ca(OH)2 solution for 28
days
Specimen size: 75 mm dia x 150 mm height concrete
cylinders
Specimen Details
The specimen consists of concrete cylinders of size 75 mm dia
x 150 mm in height with a 16mm rebar embedded centrally.
The positioning of the steel rebar gave an equal cover
thickness of 29.5 mm all-round and also at bottom of cylinder.
Fig.3. shows the schematic view of the test specimen for 75
mm x 150 m cylinder. Inside the cylinder, a length of 91.0mm
of embedded rebar was exposed and the remaining length was
well protected by a plastic tube and sealed with epoxy. In the
protruded length, a small portion was used to connect the lead
wire for electrical connection. The mix details are given in
table 2. Companion cube specimens of size 150mm were also
cast for the determination of its 28 days compressive strength.
The specimens were taken out after 28 days curing in
saturated calcium hydroxide solution and kept in the open
atmosphere for 3 hours. These specimens were used for the
accelerated corrosion test. Fig.4 shows the specimens ready
for testing and Fig.5 shows the polarisation experiment in
progress.
Graphs were drawn for current in mA Vs time in days for
different specimens.
Fig - 4: Specimens ready for testing
Fig – 5: Polarization Experiment under progress
Table - 2: Mix Details.
Material Content
Cement 384 kg/m³
Sand 0/2mm 572 kg/m³
Aggregates 5/10mm 441 kg/m³
Aggregates 10/20mm 841 kg/m³
Water 192 kg/m³
w/c-Ratio 0.50
Table - 3: Compressive strength of specimens of M25 grade
of concrete cured in 5% NaCl solution.
Type of
Concrete
7 Days
Comp.
Strength
28 Days
Comp.
Strength
90 Days
Comp.
Strength
A 15 27.2 29.3
B 9.11 23.52 29
C 10.28 29 30.13
D 7.66 24 31.11
E 7.33 25.3 26.55
5. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology ISSN: 2319-1163
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Volume: 01 Issue: 03 | Nov-2012, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 452
The compressive strength of fly ash blended concrete
specimens were compared with controlled concrete specimens
cured in 5% sodium chloride solution at different ages. (after
28 days of normal curing in water). Compressive strength
results are shown in table 3 and 4.
Table - 4: Compressive strength of specimens of M30 grade
of concrete cured in 5% NaCl solution.
Type of
Concrete
7 Days
Comp.
Strength
28 Days
Comp.
Strength
90 Days
Comp.
Strength
A
14.20 24.17 25.14
B
11.11 21.34 26.29
C
7.56 22.68 25.73
D
6.97 23.14 26.00
E
5.34 23.87 22.88
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Fig 6 and 7 shows the current Vs time plots for different of
grades of concrete.
The change of slope at two locations of the specimens for
different grades of concrete gives the initiation time and the
time for cracking.
From fig. 6 it can be seen that the time for depassivation (i.e.,
the initiation time) for 30% replacement of cement with fly
ash of M25 grade is 54 days compared with other % of
replacements.
From fig. 7 it can be seen that the time for depassivation (i.e.,
the initiation time) for 30% replacement of cement with fly
ash of M30 grade is 63 days compared with other % of
replacements.
Fig – 6: Current Vs Time for Comparison of 0%, 10%, 20%,
30% and 40% Fly ash replacements in M25 Grade of concrete
Fig – 7: Current Vs Time for Comparison of 0%, 10%, 20%,
30% and 40% Fly ash replacements in M30 Grade of concrete
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
0 50 100
CURRENTINmA
TIME IN DAYS
CURRENT
VALUES IN mA
0% FLYASH
M25
CURRENT
VALUES IN mA
10% FLYASH
M25
CURRENT
VALUES IN mA
20% FLYASH
M25
CURRENT
VALUES IN mA
30% FLYASH
M25
CURRENT
VALUES IN mA
40% FLYASH
M25
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
CURRENTINmA
TIME IN DAYS
0% FLYASH
M30
10% FLYASH
M30
20% FLYASH
M30
30% FLYASH
M30
40% FLYASH
M30
6. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology ISSN: 2319-1163
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Volume: 01 Issue: 03 | Nov-2012, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 453
Fig – 8: Compressive strength of specimens cured in 5%
Sodium Chloride solution of M25 grade mix with different
percentage of Fly ash replacements.
Fig – 9: Compressive strength of specimens cured in 5%
Sodium Chloride solution of M30 grade mix with different
percentage of Fly ash replacements.
CONCLUSIONS
From the graphs it was observed that with increase in the
percentage of replacement of fly ash in a grade of concrete,
the initiation time of corrosion increase. Also the initiation
time increases with the increase in grade of concrete.
From the graphs the initiation time for controlled concrete is
very less compared with fly ash blended concretes.
The initiation time is maximum for 30% replacement of
cement with fly ash in both the grades of concrete.
The compressive strength of concrete specimens is high for
30% replacement of cement with fly ash in both the grades of
concrete at 90 days of curing..
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The Authors thank to the Management of GVP College of
Engineering for providing facilities and funding to carryout
this research work in Structural Engineering Laboratory.
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7. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology ISSN: 2319-1163
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Volume: 01 Issue: 03 | Nov-2012, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 454
BIOGRAPHIES:
M. Kishore Kumar obtained his master
degree in Structural Engineering from
PSG College of Technology, Coimbatore.
He has been working as an Associate
Professor at the department of Civil
Engineering in GVP College of Engineering, Visakhapatnam.
His areas of interest are durability of reinforced concrete
structures, corrosion of reinforcement in concrete structures
including prediction of residual and service life.
P. Srinivasa. Rao, eminent Structural
Engineer and renowned professor of
Structural Engineering, retired from
Indian Institute of Technology, Chennai.
He obtained B.Tech (Hons) in Civil
Engg., & M.Tech. in Structural Engg.,
from IIT, Kharagpur and Doctorate from
Technical University, Munich, Germany
in 1965. He was currently the Director General, GVP-SIRC at
GVP College of Engineering, Visakhapatnam. He has guided
18 candidates towards the Ph.D. degree in Civil Engineering.
His areas of interest are Tall structures, Prestressed concrete
structures, Design of Shell and folded plate structures,
Durability of reinforced concrete structures.
B. L. P. Swamy obtained his Doctorate from Indian Institute
of Technology, Delhi. He has been working as a Professor at
the department of Civil Engineering in Vasavi College of
Engineering, Hyderabad. His areas of interest are durability of
reinforced concrete structures, corrosion of reinforcement in
concrete structures and assessment of distress and repair of
concrete structures.
Ch. Chandra Mouli obtained his master
degree in Infrastructural Engineering and
Management from GVP College of
Engineering, Visakhapatnam. He has been
working as an Assistant Professor at the
department of Civil Engineering in
SITAM, Vizianagaram. His area of
interest are corrosion of reinforcement in
concrete structures and durability of Reinforced concrete
structures