The document discusses prison management and organizations. It covers compliance, power structures, and the confinement model for inmates. The organizational structure of prisons is hierarchical, following concepts like unity of command and chain of command. Staff roles include wardens, guards, and program personnel. Maintaining order and preventing violence requires a balance of authority between inmates and staff. Violence in prisons can occur between inmates or against staff. At-risk groups for inmate-on-inmate violence include the young, non-violent first-time offenders. Decreasing violence requires improved classification, opportunities, staffing, and mechanisms for reporting issues.

1. Prison
Management
Chapter 8

2. Formal Organizations
 Compliance-how someone behaves in
accordance with an order/directive
 Remunerative power- material resources used
in exchange for compliance
 Normative power- symbolic rewards
 Coercive power- controls a person’s life

3. Formal Organizations
 Confinement Model for inmates
 Keep them in
 Keep them safe
 Keep them in line
 Keep them healthy
 Keep them busy

4. Formal Organizations
 The Organizational Structure
 Concepts of organization-hierarchy of staff
positions
 Unity of command
 Chain of command
 Span of control
 Line personnel
 Staff personnel

5. Formal Organizations
 Formal Organization of a Prison for Adult Felons
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6. Formal Organizations
 The Impact of the Structure
 Custody
 Warden
 Guards
 Discipline
 Rehabilitation
 Collaborative model

7. Prison Staff
 Prison staff—conflict can evolve between
different groups of personnel and between
inmates and staff
 Institutional managers
 Wardens responsible for prison operations
 Deputy warden responsible for housekeeping
tasks

8. Prison Staff
 Correctional officers
 Graded ranks—captain, lieutenant, officer
 Pay differentials, job titles
 Chain of command
 Preservice training programs for officers

9. Prison Staff
 Program personnel
 Educational, vocational, and treatment programs
 Agricultural and industrial supervisors
 Supervised programs
 Strict custodial hierarchy

10. Governing Prisons
 Inmate Balance Theory- maintaining order and
preventing collective violence
 Shared authority
 Administrative Control Theory
 Sound and firm management
 Order
 Amenity
 Service

11. Discussion Question
Ask students to discuss the hierarchy of
command in a prison setting and the possible
issues which could result in this chain of
command.

12. Governing Prisons
 The Defects of Total Power
 Correctional institutions must be run humanely
 Prisoners are not always motivated to cooperate
 Force is inefficient
 Ratio of inmates to staff

13. Governing Prisons
 Rewards and Punishments
 Reward compliance
 Choice job assignments
 Honor units
 Favorable parole reports
 Punish rule violations

14. Governing Prisons
 Gaining Cooperation: Exchange Relationships
 Tolerate minor rule infractions for compliance
on major rules
 Assumptions underlying office to inmate
relationships
 Negotiations are central to prison control
 Informal rules respected by all parties
 Some rule violations do not merit officer attention

15. Governing Prisons
 Inmate Leadership
 Discipline of Prisoners (withholding privileges,
erasing good time credit, placing inmates in
the “hole”)
 The disciplinary process– verbal reprimand or
ticket
 Sanctions—segregation, loss of privileges, loss
of good time credit

16. Discussion Question
What are the possible repercussions of “inmate
leadership?” Are there any positives with the
program?

17. Governing Prisons
 Leadership: The Crucial Element of
Governance
 In particular, management is successful when
prison directors
 Are in office long enough to learn the job
 Project an appealing image to a wide range of
people
 Are dedicated and loyal to the department
 Are highly hands-on and proactive

18. Violence in Prison
 Violence and Inmate Characteristics
 Age
 Attitudes
 Race
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19. Violence in Prison
 Prisoner–Prisoner Violence
 Prison gangs (racial/ethnic)
 Identify members, segregate housing and work
assignments, no contact visits, etc.
 Protective custody- special management
 Prison rape- Prison Rape Elimination Act
 Perpetrators
 Victims

20. Violence in Prison
 Victims of rape tend to be:
 First time, non-violent offenders
 Crime against a minor
 Physically weak
 Effeminate inmates
 Not affiliated with a gang
 Snitches

21. Discussion Question
Ask students to discuss the reality of prison
rape. If statistics show that these 5 groups are
the most likely to be victimized, how come
more steps are not being taken to protect
them? Furthermore, what steps could be
taken to protect them?

22. Violence in Prison
 Prisoner–Officer Violence
 Situations requiring use of physical force
 Breaking up a fight
 Moving a prisoner to segregation
 Unexpected attacks
 Missile thrown from an upper tier
 Verbal threats or taunts
 “Accidental” fall

23. Violence in Prison
 Officer–Prisoner Violence
 “Goon squads”
 Gladiator days at
Corcoran

24. Violence in Prison
 Decreasing Prison Violence
 The effect of architecture and size
 The role of management
 Improve classification
 Create opportunities
 Increase size, diversity, and training of staff
 Redesign facilities
 Install grievance mechanisms
 Augment reward system