The article discusses the high incarceration rates in the US and issues with the prison system. It notes that the US incarcerates people at rates much higher than other Western democracies. Many prisons do not provide vocational training or education programs, making rehabilitation difficult. When prisoners are released, they lack skills and are unlikely to find jobs. Mental healthcare is also inadequate in prisons.

1. “Incarceration Nation”
Hend Aljabawi

2. Article Review
 The article I reviewed took a psychological approach to
understand why the United States leads the world in
incarceration.
 “One in every 100 American adults is incarcerated at a per
capita rate five to 10 times higher than that in Western
Europe or other democracies.”

3. Article Review (Continued..)
The article found that in US prisons, inmates were not
provided with vocational training and educational
programs that may help them become more positive and
productive members of the society.
So when there time is done and they are released, they
are not educated enough to start their life like finding a job
or qualifying for certain programs or schooling.

4. Article Review
To add, prison causes mental health conditions and are
difficult to treat considering "prisoners are reluctant to
open up in environments where they do not feel physically
or psychologically safe.”

5. At least half of prisoners have some mental health
concerns, about 10 percent to 25 percent of U.S.
prisoners suffer from serious mental illnesses, such as
major affective disorders or schizophrenia.
It can be difficult to access medical and mental health care
which makes it hard to provide the correct healthcare that
an individuals needs.
Article Review (Continued..)

6. Costs for inmates to access mental or medical health care
is another concern. If prisoners have Medicare or social
security, then those are discontinued. Many prisons
require a co-pay for medical visits and generally prisoners
pay for these services from the minimal wages that they
earn doing their prison job.
This discourages inmates to go to the clinic because they
are required to pay to see the doctor using the money that
they worked for which leaves them with no money at the
end if they visit a doctor in prison. Therefore, they would
rather use their money to buy supplies that they need.

8. Elements of Management

10. Henri Fayol’s Elements of
Management
I will be focusing on Henri Fayol’s theory of classical
management but particularly on his elements of
management because The American prison system
relates and fall in place with the different elements.
The American prison system works similarly to a business
or organization because it is broken down into different
functions that requires efficient organizational
communication.

11. Elements of Management
There are five fundamental elements of management
which are planning, organizing, command, coordination
and control.
I will use each of these element and view how they reflect
the organizational system of our prisons. I will give an
example for each element in which it will enforce a
positive outcome.

12. It involves looking to the future to determine the best way
to achieve organizational goals.
Planning is most important when working in a prison
because there are foreseen issues that must be prepared
for. For example, every prison requires resources and in
order for the facility to run smoothly, planning is needed.
Planning

13. Organization
Organization is looked at as the evaluation of employees
and where they would be most effective
Within the prison, there is a list of positions that need to
be evaluated to attain efficiency.
A counseling position for example should be provided to one
who has a psychological background and whose goal is to
rehabilitate inmates without health conditions. The position
should not be given to a cell guard who’s duty is to keep the
inmates and facility stable and safe. It is important that the
employees are being evaluated so they don’t harm the
prisoners and abuse their powers.

14. Command
Command is when managers set tasks for employees in
order to meet organizational goals.
Similarly to organization, command in the prison is crucial
to maintain a stable facility, control inmates, and provide
the best possible methods to help inmates become better
civilians.
For example, in the article it said that American prison’s
confine their prisoners in isolation, which ultimately lowers
social skills. A good command would be to coordinates a
team to build social interaction programs.

15. Coordination
The separate activities of an organization must be
harmonized into a single whole.
In this element, proper communication is required
between management and workers.
Miscommunication occurs often within big organizations
therefore it is crucial or injuries or deaths are more likely
to occur.

16. Control
Control involves the comparison between goals and
activities coming together to ensure that the organization
is functioning properly and how it was planned.
High level of control should be enforced in prisons to
ensure proper functioning or else nothing will work as
planned.

17. How Communication Relates
In the book Fayol doesn't’t include communication in his
five elements of management. With that being said,
communication ties all these elements together in order to
operate.
All the elements of management require communication
between management and its workers to coordinate the
organizational goal.

18. Considering that a prison requires communication
throughout its management and staff, it needs to
implement the five elements of management.
All these elements demand communication and when they
come together, they form one large communication as a
whole.

19. Questions
What is a possible way to communicate to get the
American Public to listen so we can improve the prisons
and their systems?
How can we make or spend extra money to implement a
prison system?
As we know, the crime rates are extremely high, so how
we can help lower the crime rates in America?

20. Questions
How can we help prisoners psychologically and
emotionally?
How can we avoid having a prison overcrowding?

21. Solutions
We can try to reduce jail time for federal prisoners in for
some drug offenses which is what the Obama
administration has worked on.
We can also organize and budget the money system
therefore all resources are there and inmates can receive
medical health if needed.
More jobs can be added for the inmates therefore they
can have jobs, make money and be able to pay for
medical or mental health or anything else needed.

22. Work Cited
Miller, Katherine. Organizational communication
Approaches and Processes Seventh Edition. Stanford
University, 2016.
Collier, Lorna. "Incarceration Nation." American
Psychological Association. N.p., Oct. 2014. Web. 19 Sept.
2016.