The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Biomechanics of headgears in orthodontics /certified fixed orthodontic course...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Biomechanics of headgears in orthodontics /certified fixed orthodontic course...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Biomechanics in orthodontics / /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian...Indian dental academy
Welcome to Indian Dental Academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy has a unique training program & curriculum that provides students with exceptional clinical skills and enabling them to return to their office with high level confidence and start treating patients
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Dr. William Roth
Introduction
The Roth Rx
Reasons For Modification
Treatment Philosophy
Treatment Goals
Roth Rationale
Selection Of Treatment Mechanics
Roth Set-up
Sequencing Of Treatment Objectives
Treatment Mechanics
Anchorage Considerations
Detailing Of Tooth Position
Advantages
Comparisons
Conclusions
Functional malocclusion /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dent...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
00919248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Construction of bite for various functional orthodontic appliancesIndian dental academy
Description :
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Principles of biomechanics in orthodontics / dental implant courses by India...Indian dental academy
Description :
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The headgear /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Headgear /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
00919248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Biomechanics in orthodontics / /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian...Indian dental academy
Welcome to Indian Dental Academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy has a unique training program & curriculum that provides students with exceptional clinical skills and enabling them to return to their office with high level confidence and start treating patients
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Dr. William Roth
Introduction
The Roth Rx
Reasons For Modification
Treatment Philosophy
Treatment Goals
Roth Rationale
Selection Of Treatment Mechanics
Roth Set-up
Sequencing Of Treatment Objectives
Treatment Mechanics
Anchorage Considerations
Detailing Of Tooth Position
Advantages
Comparisons
Conclusions
Functional malocclusion /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dent...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
00919248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Construction of bite for various functional orthodontic appliancesIndian dental academy
Description :
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Principles of biomechanics in orthodontics / dental implant courses by India...Indian dental academy
Description :
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The headgear /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Headgear /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
00919248678078
Headgear /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
00919248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Biology and biomechanics of extraoral appliances /certified fixed orthodontic...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Biomechanics in orthopedics /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian de...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Clinical use of the churro jumper /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Ind...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Biomechnics in orthodontics /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian de...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Orthopedic biomechanics /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
ARRANGEMENT OF POSTERIOR TEETH ACCORDING TO DIFFERENT THEORIES OF OCCLUSION/ ...Indian dental academy
Description :
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Tweed merrifield edgewise. /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian ...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in
continuing dental education , training dentists
in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide
range of dental certified courses in different
formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown &
Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Retention and relapse /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental a...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
00919248678078
Activator slide/certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Rapid maixxlary expansion in orthodontics (2)/certified fixed orthodontic cou...Indian dental academy
Description :
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Vj. phonetics/certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academyIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Expansion appliances /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental ac...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Controversies surrounding the efficacy of functional appliancesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Similar to Copy of biomech of head gear /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy (20)
Opportunity for Dentists (BDS/MDS )to relocate to United kingdom -Register as a DENTAL HYGIENIST/ DENTAL THERAPIST without Board exams and after approval you can register in GDC as a DH/DT and start working as a DH/DT Immediately and get paid.
You can complete the whole process in 3-4 months.Salary range for DH/DT is around 2500-3500 Pounds per month.
Eligibility / requirements-
1. An International English Language Testing System (IELTS) certificate
at the appropriate level.(Within 2 yrs of application date )
2: A recent primary dental qualification that has been taught and examined in English..(Within 2 yrs of application date )
3: A recent pass in a language test for registration with a regulatory authority in a country where the first language is English.
If you are interested Please contact us for more details.
1ST, 2ND AND 3RD ORDER BENDS IN STANDARD EDGEWISE APPLIANCE SYSTEM /Fixed ort...Indian dental academy
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals
who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry,
Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
I –Aligners are made with FDA approved transparent thermoplastic materials using 3D scanning, 3D Printing and finally Trays with Pressure vacuum formers.
Dear Doctor,
Indian Dental Academy Now offers comprehensive online Orthodontics course.
Course includes:
1.whiteboard lecture presentations
2.Case Discussions
3.with hundreds of pictures.
4.Demo on Models
5.Demo on Patients
6. subtitles in your own language
12 months unlimited access and support @350 USD only.
For Demo please visit :www.idalectures.com/preview/
For more details visit: www.idalectures.com
Please contact us for any clarifications:
idalectures@gmail.com
indiandentalacademy@gmail.com
Thanks & Regards
Indian Dental Academy
--
Indian Dental Academy
Leader in continuing dental education
www.indiandentalacademy.com
skype:indiandentalacademy
+919248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Cytotoxicity of silicone materials used in maxillofacial prosthesis / dental ...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Diagnosis and treatment planning in completely endntulous arches/dental coursesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
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Properties of Denture base materials /rotary endodontic coursesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
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Use of modified tooth forms in complete denture occlusion / dental implant...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
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Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
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2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Anti ulcer drugs and their Advance pharmacology ||
Anti-ulcer drugs are medications used to prevent and treat ulcers in the stomach and upper part of the small intestine (duodenal ulcers). These ulcers are often caused by an imbalance between stomach acid and the mucosal lining, which protects the stomach lining.
||Scope: Overview of various classes of anti-ulcer drugs, their mechanisms of action, indications, side effects, and clinical considerations.
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
Copy of biomech of head gear /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy
1. INDIAN DENTAL ACADEMY
Leader in continuing dental education
www.indiandentalacademy.com
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2. “The crux of the variety of reports implying a
direct or stimulating link between function and
size is that tissue size is not an inheritable trait
per se. Instead, the tissues and the organs
which they comprise have a predetermined
capacity to modify their sizes in response to the
changing physiological conditions which impact
these tissues and organs.”
Alphonse R.Burdi,
Professor of Anatomy, University of Michigan.
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3. INTRODUCTION
(Chaconas)
There are two types of forces used in orthodontics:
Orthodontic or tooth-moving forces, and
orthopedic forces that affect the deeper craniofacial
structures.
Orthodontic forces are those that are applied to
the teeth by the wires of removable and fixed
appliances. The force produced by adjustments to
these wires ranges from 1 to 5 ounces, where as
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orthopedic forces are much greater.
4. DENTOFACIAL ORTHOPEDICS:(Pfeiffer&Grobety)
Treatment directed towards altering the
relationship of the bony elements of the jaws and the
pattern of activity of the oro-facial musculature.
ORTHOPEDICS (Bioprogressive therapy; JCO 1978
Jan)
Orthopedics implies any manipulation that alters
the skeletal system and associated motor organs.
From the practical stand point, in the growing child,
orthopedic alteration would be any manipulation
which would change the normal growth of the
dentofacial complex in either direction or amount.
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5. The alteration of facial and skeletal
configuration can be accomplished using
3 methods: (Graber, Rakosi, Petrovic)
1) Functional appliances:
Are designed to change the patients pattern of
function, alter the jaw relationships, and reprogram the
neuro musculature, thus altering the functional matrix
of the face.
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6. 2) Orthopedic appliances:
Are designed to transfer force as directly as possible
to the facial skeletal components.Forces generated may
be much higher than those used for orthodontic tooth
movement.
The appliances effectively influence sutural changes
and bone growth. If used at an early age, functional
appliances favorably alter the continuing facial growth
pattern.
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7. 3) Orthognathic surgery:
In which the orthodontist cooperates with an oral and
maxillofacial surgeon and the treatment plan
involves the surgical repositioning of the jaws and
skeletal components of the face, is another option.
The use of functional and orthopedic appliances is
highly growth dependent, and patients are best
treated with these appliances at the earliest possible
age.
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8. HISTORY OF ORTHOPEDICS:
(In 1920)
EDWARD ANGLE and his followers believed that broad
skeletal changes could be produced by orthodontic
treatment. Any thing was possible, they believed, because
malocclusions developed from “environmental factors”.
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9. In 1936 a paper by OPPENHEIM revived the idea that
headgear would serve as a valuable adjunct to
treatment.
1940 the cephalometrics available, did not support the
ANGLE’S concept.
After world war II, SILAS KLOEHN’S impressive results
with headgear treatment of class II malocclusion
became widely known.
Early studies by BRODIE and others in the late 1940s
and 1950s suggested that the skeletal pattern could
not be altered significantly. The concepts of “the
stability of pattern” was developed, reducing
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orthodontics primarily to dentoalveolar changes.
10. GOULD has shown how changes in the inclination of the
face bow affect the direction of the force and ultimately the
direction of tooth movement. (AJO 1957)
GREENSPAN presented reference charts elaborating the
different moments and forces produced with the various
headgear designs.(AJO 1970)
In 1971 ARMSTRONG demonstrated the importance of the
precise control of magnitude, direction, and duration of extra
oral force to increase its efficiency and effectiveness in
treating malocclusions in the late mixed dentition.(AJO1971)
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19. Orthopedic treatment for vertical
excess:
•High pull headgear to the molars.
•High pull headgear to a maxillary splint .
•Straight pull headgear.
•Functional appliance with bite blocks.
•High pull headgear to a functional appliance with bite
blocks.
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20. Maxillary deficiency:
•The Delaire type facemask
•Maxillary protraction headgear
•Functional appliance for maxillary protraction
The Frankel III appliance
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23. Haas type expander
Hyrax expander
Minn-expander
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NiTi palatal expander
24. Palatal expansion:
The final expansion seen is usually a combination of
skeletal and dental expansion.
The CR of the palatal bones, lies above the line of
application of force (which is at the cusps of the molar
teeth). Hence tendency for palatal shelves to rotate
buccally inwww.indiandentalacademy.com dimension.
the transverse
25. (AJO-DO 1970 Mar Andrew J Haas)
1. Anteroposteriorly, the opening of the midpalatal
suture is parallel; inferosuperiorly, the opening is
triangular with the apex being in the nasal cavity.
2. The central incisors react as expected, considering
that they are linked by elastic transseptal fibers. As the
suture opens, the crowns converge while the roots
diverge. When the crowns come into contact, the
continued pull of the fibers causes the roots to
converge toward their original axial inclinations. During
this cycle, which usually takes about 4 months, the axial
inclination of these teeth may vacillate as much as 50
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degrees.
26. 3. The alveolar processes bend and move laterally
with the maxillae, while the palatal processes swing
inferiorly at their free margin. The effect is a dental arch
expansion and an increase in intranasal capacity.
4. When the midpalatal suture opens, the maxilla
always moves forward and downward. This is probably
due to the disposition of the maxillocranial sutures.
Sicher calls attention to the fact that these sutures are
oriented in such a manner that growth would produce a
downward and forward vector of maxillary movement.
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27. Since these hafting zone sutures are disengaged by the
palatal expansion procedure, an effect similar to
immediate growth is manifested in a downward and
forward displacement of the maxilla.
5. The change in maxillary posture invariably
causes a downward and backward rotation of the
mandible which decreases the effective length of the
mandible and increases the vertical dimension of the
lower face.
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29. Headgear:Headgear is a common term for an appliance that is
used for delivering a posteriorly directed extra oral
force to the maxilla. It used in orthodontics to modify
growth of maxilla, to distalize and protract maxillary
teeth, or to reinforce anchorage.
When headgear is used for skeletal modifications,in
growth modification, heavier forces are recommended.
Such heavier forces bring about actions (compress) on
the sutures of the maxilla, changing the magnitude and
direction of their growth, and modifying the pattern of
bone apposition at these sites, while the mandible grow
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normally (catch up with maxilla).
30. Headgear should usually be worn for at least 8 to 14
hr/day to achieve successful results. For orthopedic
changes forces used are in the range of 250 to 500 g per
side, and for dental movements they are in the range of
100 to 200 g per side.
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31. Biomechanics of Headgear
The efficient use of the headgear requires a sound knowledge
of basic biomechanics. Understanding how to control the
direction and magnitude of the forces produced by various
headgear designs is paramount in achieving desirable clinical
results.
A headgear can deliver only a net single, simple force. A force
is a vector quantity, having both a magnitude and a direction. It
has a point of application. In addition, it has a line of action. An
important principle in analyzing the force system for a headgear
is the relationship to the center of resistance of maxilla or the
first molar. A force passing through the center of resistance
causes pure translation in the direction of the line of the force.
Any other force produces translation and a rotation with a
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moment.
32. Center of resistance (CR)
Maxillary first molar
Entire maxilla
Entire maxillary teeth
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33. If the LF is moved superiorly, the CRot
moves coronally, and one gets a
counterclockwise moment.
When the LF is applied through the
CR, the object translates (all points of
the object move the same distance
along parallel lines).
Conversely, a more inferiorly
positioned line of force will displace the
CRot apically, creating a clockwise
moment.
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34. The magnitude of the moment produced by the
headgear is calculated by multiplying the
perpendicular distance (P) from the LF to the CR by
the magnitude of the force. Thus, for a given force, the
greater the distance from the CR that the force is
applied, the greater will be the moment.
M=Fxd
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35. Cervical headgear(Kloehn)
The cervical headgear is applied in early treatment of C-II
malocclusions to inhibit forward displacement of the maxilla or
maxillary teeth, while the rest of the dentofacial structures
continue their normal growth. This can cause a change in the
intermaxillary relationship from C-II to C-I. Change in molar
relation due not so much to the distal force, but to the
clockwise moment that very effectively tips the molar crown
distally.
Disadvantages: causes extrusion of upper
molars, but desirable in patients with short
lower facial heights.
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36. The effect of cervical
headgear:
1. To erupt entire upper jaw,
2. To tend to move upper jaw,
3. To steepen the plane of occlusion
(positive movement),
4. A first order moment tending to
rotate each segment mesial out,
distal in,
5. Because of the elastic properties of
the inner bow, an expansile force to
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the upper jaw.
37. Bio mechanics of cervical headgear:
When the outer bow lies along
the line of force (LFO), no
moment occurs, and the force
system will be reduced to a
bodily moment in a posterior
and extrusive direction.
If the outer bow is placed
above this line, the moment
produced by the force will be
in a counter clockwise
direction.
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38. If the outer bow adjusted
below this line, the moment
created will be clockwise.
Shorter outer bow, there is
tendency to steepen the
occlusal plane.
Longer outer bow, there is
tendency to flatten the
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occlusal plane.
40. PROTRACTION HEADGEAR:
Protraction headgear is used for skeletal and dental
protraction of the maxilla in C-III malocclusions caused by a
maxillary deficiency.
1) Hickam chincup.
2) Delaire face mask.
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41. Biomechanics of protraction headgear:
Protraction headgear exerts a mesial force on the
maxilla below the center of resistance with an equal and
opposite reciprocal force on the chin and forehead. The
force on the chin may cause a change in the posture of
the mandible that may effect its direction of growth.
The counter clockwise moment on the maxilla and
dentition caused by the line of force acting below the
center of resistance leads to a tendency for extrusion of
the maxillary posterior teeth with an associated opening
of the bite.
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42. Straight-pull headgear:
This style headgear is a combination of the high-pull and
cervical headgear, with the advantage of increased
versatality.
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43. Uses:
• This is a choice in a C-II malocclusion with no vertical
problems.
• To prevent anterior migration of maxillary teeth, or possibly
translate them posteriorly.
Advantage:
• It produces an essentially pure posterior translatory force. It
is accomplished by placing the LFO through the CR, parallel to
the occlusal plane.
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44. Biomechanics of straight-pull headgear:
Outer bow above LFO; will produce
a posterior force, counter
clockwise rotation, and most often
an intrusive force.
If the LFO cants up anteriorly
(attachment site of elastic is lower
on headcap than at outer bow); an
extrusive force will be produced.
If the outer bow is below LFO; the
force produced will be posterior
and superior and attachment will
be in a clockwise direction.
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46. HIGH PULL HEADGEAR
This consists of a typical face
bow (inner & outer bow) and a
harness, which fits over the
occiput of the head.
It is commonly used in classII correction in which
controlling anterior open bite
tendencies is part of problem.
This style headgear always
produces an intrusive and
posterior direction of pull, due
to the position of the headcap.
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47. Biomechanics of high-pull headgear:
If the outer bow is placed anterior to the
LFO, either above or below the occlusal
plane level, the moment produced will be
in a clockwise direction. The magnitude of
this moment will be proportional to the
distance of the outer bow to the CR.
If a distal and intrusive movement with no
moment is desired, the outer bow must be
placed some where along the LFO. This
force system would be beneficial in a logface C-II patients with a high mandibular
plane angle, where intrusion of maxillary
molars would decrease facial height and
improve the facial profile.
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48. Short outer bow angulated high, this
results in a force system at the unit’s
CR with a moment that tends to flatten
the occlusal plane and distal and
intrusive force components.
The headgear forces line of action
passes through the unit’s center of
resistance with longer outer bow, no
moment at CR & therefore no change
in the cant of the occlusal plane,
intrusive and distal components of the
force are acting.
With longer outer bow, steepens plane of occlusion and a force
with intrusive and distal components.such system might be
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necessary for class-II open bite patients.
49. Vertical-pull headgear:
The main purpose of this headgear is to produce an
intrusive direction of force to maxillary teeth, with
posteriorly directed forces.
It is very useful when pure intrusion of buccal
segments is required, as in the class-I open bite patient,
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50. Bio mechanics of vertical pull headgear:
•If the bow is hooked to the headcap
so that the line of force is
perpendicular to the occlusal plane
and through the CR, pure intrusion
may take place.
•If the outer bow placed anywhere in
the anterior compartment,-counter
clockwise moment;intrusive and
posterior force.
•If the outer bow placed anywhere in
the posterior section,-clockwise
moment,vertical intrusive &
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horizontal forward forces
51. High pull headgear to a maxillary
splint:
Used when a child with excessive vertical
development of the entire maxillary arch and too
much exposure of the maxillary incisors from beneath
the lip.
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52. Treatment for vertical mandibular excess
Chincup treatment: occipital pull chin cup; vertical pull
chiun cup
Occipital pull chin cup
Used in patients with short lower anterior facial height, pull of chin
cup is below the condyle.
Soft elastic appliance
Interlandi-type appliance
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53. Vertical pull chin cup
It results in a decrease in the mandibular plane angle, & gonial
angle; and increase in posterior facial height.
Unitek design www.indiandentalacademy.com
Summit design
55. CONCLUSION
Understanding how to control the direction
and magnitude of the forces produced by various
orthopedic appliances is paramount in achieving
desirable clinical results.
Decreasing the patients length of treatment
and improving the treatment results would be
the two benefits derived from applying wellplanned force systems.
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56. Thank you
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