The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The document provides information about the MBT bracket system. Some key points:
- MBT was developed by Dr. Richard McLaughlin, Dr. John Bennett, and Dr. Hugo Trevisi to address limitations of previous pre-adjusted edgewise appliances.
- MBT utilizes light, continuous forces with sliding mechanics principles. Torque is incorporated fully into the bracket bases.
- Bracket tip and torque specifications are designed to achieve ideal tooth positions and occlusion. Canine torque values were modified from original straight wire appliance prescriptions.
- MBT treatment philosophy emphasizes accuracy of bracket placement, group tooth movement, anchorage control, and awareness of tooth size discrepancies.
The document outlines a 16-part series on "Common Sense Mechanics" in orthodontics. It discusses various orthodontic mechanics principles like forces, moments, torque, and their clinical applications. Key topics include the diving board concept to control forces, differential torque mechanics, archwire-bracket relationships, extraction mechanics, and various malocclusion treatments. The goal is to help orthodontists understand and apply basic mechanics principles in a common sense manner.
The document discusses Bioprogressive Therapy, which is an orthodontic treatment approach developed from edgewise and Begg techniques. It focuses on treating the total facial profile rather than just teeth and occlusion. The principles of BPT include using a systems approach to diagnosis and treatment planning, maintaining torque control throughout treatment, and segmental arch treatment. BPT utilizes light continuous forces, cortical and muscular anchorage, and the development of utility arches to efficiently move teeth while respecting supporting structures.
Loops in orthodontics /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental ...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
00919248678078
K- Sir loop /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
Welcome to Indian Dental Academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy has a unique training program & curriculum that provides students with exceptional clinical skills and enabling them to return to their office with high level confidence and start treating patients
State of the art comprehensive training-Faculty of world wide repute &Very affordable.
This document discusses various types of intrusion arches used in orthodontics to correct deep overbites. It begins by defining intrusion and describing the biomechanics and principles involved. It then covers 9 specific intrusion arch designs: 1) Rickett's Utility Arch 2) Tipback Springs 3) Burstone's Continuous Intrusion Arch 4) Burstone's Three Piece Intrusion Arch 5) K-SIR 6) Connecticut Intrusion Arch 7) PG Retraction Spring 8) Translation Arch 9) Lingual Arch for intruding lower incisors. For each type, it provides details on materials, design, and mechanics of intrusion.
This document discusses utility arches, which are orthodontic appliances used to apply light forces in the dental arch. It provides details on:
- The historical background and development of utility arches based on biomechanical principles.
- Common wire dimensions and materials used, including stainless steel, nickel titanium, and beta titanium alloys.
- The standard design components of utility arches, including molar, vertical, and incisal segments.
- Different types of utility arches like passive arches, intrusion arches, and retraction/protrusion arches and how they are activated to apply specific orthodontic forces.
Roth philosophy /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The document provides information about the MBT bracket system. Some key points:
- MBT was developed by Dr. Richard McLaughlin, Dr. John Bennett, and Dr. Hugo Trevisi to address limitations of previous pre-adjusted edgewise appliances.
- MBT utilizes light, continuous forces with sliding mechanics principles. Torque is incorporated fully into the bracket bases.
- Bracket tip and torque specifications are designed to achieve ideal tooth positions and occlusion. Canine torque values were modified from original straight wire appliance prescriptions.
- MBT treatment philosophy emphasizes accuracy of bracket placement, group tooth movement, anchorage control, and awareness of tooth size discrepancies.
The document outlines a 16-part series on "Common Sense Mechanics" in orthodontics. It discusses various orthodontic mechanics principles like forces, moments, torque, and their clinical applications. Key topics include the diving board concept to control forces, differential torque mechanics, archwire-bracket relationships, extraction mechanics, and various malocclusion treatments. The goal is to help orthodontists understand and apply basic mechanics principles in a common sense manner.
The document discusses Bioprogressive Therapy, which is an orthodontic treatment approach developed from edgewise and Begg techniques. It focuses on treating the total facial profile rather than just teeth and occlusion. The principles of BPT include using a systems approach to diagnosis and treatment planning, maintaining torque control throughout treatment, and segmental arch treatment. BPT utilizes light continuous forces, cortical and muscular anchorage, and the development of utility arches to efficiently move teeth while respecting supporting structures.
Loops in orthodontics /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental ...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
00919248678078
K- Sir loop /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
Welcome to Indian Dental Academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy has a unique training program & curriculum that provides students with exceptional clinical skills and enabling them to return to their office with high level confidence and start treating patients
State of the art comprehensive training-Faculty of world wide repute &Very affordable.
This document discusses various types of intrusion arches used in orthodontics to correct deep overbites. It begins by defining intrusion and describing the biomechanics and principles involved. It then covers 9 specific intrusion arch designs: 1) Rickett's Utility Arch 2) Tipback Springs 3) Burstone's Continuous Intrusion Arch 4) Burstone's Three Piece Intrusion Arch 5) K-SIR 6) Connecticut Intrusion Arch 7) PG Retraction Spring 8) Translation Arch 9) Lingual Arch for intruding lower incisors. For each type, it provides details on materials, design, and mechanics of intrusion.
This document discusses utility arches, which are orthodontic appliances used to apply light forces in the dental arch. It provides details on:
- The historical background and development of utility arches based on biomechanical principles.
- Common wire dimensions and materials used, including stainless steel, nickel titanium, and beta titanium alloys.
- The standard design components of utility arches, including molar, vertical, and incisal segments.
- Different types of utility arches like passive arches, intrusion arches, and retraction/protrusion arches and how they are activated to apply specific orthodontic forces.
Roth philosophy /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The document discusses the evolution of orthodontic brackets from early appliances like Angle's E-arch and pin and tube appliance to modern brackets. Key developments include Begg's modified ribbon arch bracket in the 1930s, Angle's original edgewise bracket in 1925, and twin wire appliances. Modified edgewise brackets were introduced, including Alexander Sved's twin brackets in 1937. Ceramic and plastic brackets were later created for aesthetics. Self-ligating brackets were introduced more recently to reduce friction. Overall the document provides a comprehensive overview of the history and developments in orthodontic bracket design.
Roth philosophy /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Friction mechanics /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental aca...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
00919248678078
This document discusses Steiner's acceptable compromises for compensating for sagittal discrepancies between the upper and lower jaws. It provides guidelines for adjusting the positions of the upper and lower incisors based on the ANB angle. A case example is used to illustrate how to predict changes to the ANB angle through growth or treatment and adjust incisor positions accordingly. The document also discusses individualizing treatment proposals based on factors like soft tissue function.
Andrew’s straight wire appliance /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indi...Indian dental academy
Welcome to Indian Dental Academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy has a unique training program & curriculum that provides students with exceptional clinical skills and enabling them to return to their office with high level confidence and start treating patients
State of the art comprehensive training-Faculty of world wide repute &Very affordable.
Proper bracket placement is important for optimal orthodontic treatment outcomes. Brackets should be placed according to the facial axis of the clinical crown and the facial axis point to ensure proper positioning relative to the facial axis of occlusion. The mesiodistal position of brackets varies slightly between tooth types, and should be placed at the mid-developmental ridge for most accurate positioning. Correct axial positioning of brackets parallel to the long axis of the clinical crown is important to express the proper tip built into pre-adjusted brackets.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
This document discusses arch form in orthodontic treatment. It notes that while custom archwires were traditionally used, preadjusted appliances assumed one arch form could fit all patients. However, some customization is still needed. The document examines stability of arch form changes after treatment and notes expansion, especially of lower intercanine width, often relapses. It recommends using tapered, square, and ovoid arch forms to balance efficiency and accuracy for individual patients.
Dr. Percival Raymond Begg developed the Begg technique for orthodontic treatment over many years, beginning in the 1920s. He studied under Dr. Angle and was an early user of the Edgewise appliance. Through his own practice, Begg realized some limitations of Angle's methods and made modifications like removing teeth or stripping tooth width to improve outcomes. This evolved into the Begg technique using light wires and brackets to minimize forces and reduce relapse. The technique gained popularity after visits by American orthodontists to Begg's practice and demonstrations of its effectiveness.
The document discusses factors that should be considered in the finishing and detailing stage of orthodontic treatment. It covers 17 factors identified by Dougherty, including correcting overjet/overbite, establishing correct tip and torque of anterior teeth, coordinating arch widths, establishing marginal ridge relationships and contact points. It also discusses esthetic procedures like gingival zenith and missing laterals, as well as periodontal procedures like supracrestal fibrotomy. The document provides guidelines for finishing based on ABO requirements, including overjet of 1-3mm and buccolingual tooth inclinations within 1mm of a straight edge. Positioners are also discussed for settling the occlusion at the finishing stage.
Arch Form in orthodontics /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dent...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
This slide gives an full view of the important bio mechanics of temporary anchorage devices (TADS) this slide includes :
# Bio-mechanical principles of miniscrews in orthodontics
# Force Systems
#Biomechanical Considerations : Miniscrews
#Biomechanics For Anterior Retraction
#Biomechanics For Molar Intrusion
#Biomechanics For Molar Distalization
#Biomechanics For Molar Uprighting
#Biomechanics For Molar Protraction
determinate vs indeterminate force systemKumar Adarsh
This document discusses force systems in orthodontics. It describes determinate and indeterminate force systems, with determinate systems providing better control of forces and moments. One-couple systems are created using a cantilever spring or auxiliary arch wire tied to a tooth at one end. Two-couple systems are created when an arch wire is tied into brackets on both ends. Common applications of one and two-couple systems include intrusion/extrusion arches and lingual arches. Segmented arch mechanics allow precise control but require more wire bending compared to continuous arch wires.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
This document provides an overview of pitchfork analysis for evaluating changes in cephalometric radiographs over time. It discusses landmarks used for superimposing tracings of the cranial base, maxilla, and mandible. For the cranial base, sella and nasion are commonly used. The maxilla can be superimposed along the palatal plane or contours of the zygomatic arches. For the mandible, the lower border, symphysis, or gonion-gnathion and gonion-menton planes are used. Pitchfork analysis expresses changes in molar and incisor relationships algebraically to quantify treatment effects.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The document announces an event at Casa Asia on Wednesday the 12th. The event is called "Various Exhibitions" and will take place in front of the entrance at Av/ Diagonal 373, which can be reached by several bus lines. The event is free of charge and starts at 16:30h.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The document discusses the evolution of orthodontic brackets from early appliances like Angle's E-arch and pin and tube appliance to modern brackets. Key developments include Begg's modified ribbon arch bracket in the 1930s, Angle's original edgewise bracket in 1925, and twin wire appliances. Modified edgewise brackets were introduced, including Alexander Sved's twin brackets in 1937. Ceramic and plastic brackets were later created for aesthetics. Self-ligating brackets were introduced more recently to reduce friction. Overall the document provides a comprehensive overview of the history and developments in orthodontic bracket design.
Roth philosophy /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Friction mechanics /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental aca...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
00919248678078
This document discusses Steiner's acceptable compromises for compensating for sagittal discrepancies between the upper and lower jaws. It provides guidelines for adjusting the positions of the upper and lower incisors based on the ANB angle. A case example is used to illustrate how to predict changes to the ANB angle through growth or treatment and adjust incisor positions accordingly. The document also discusses individualizing treatment proposals based on factors like soft tissue function.
Andrew’s straight wire appliance /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indi...Indian dental academy
Welcome to Indian Dental Academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy has a unique training program & curriculum that provides students with exceptional clinical skills and enabling them to return to their office with high level confidence and start treating patients
State of the art comprehensive training-Faculty of world wide repute &Very affordable.
Proper bracket placement is important for optimal orthodontic treatment outcomes. Brackets should be placed according to the facial axis of the clinical crown and the facial axis point to ensure proper positioning relative to the facial axis of occlusion. The mesiodistal position of brackets varies slightly between tooth types, and should be placed at the mid-developmental ridge for most accurate positioning. Correct axial positioning of brackets parallel to the long axis of the clinical crown is important to express the proper tip built into pre-adjusted brackets.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
This document discusses arch form in orthodontic treatment. It notes that while custom archwires were traditionally used, preadjusted appliances assumed one arch form could fit all patients. However, some customization is still needed. The document examines stability of arch form changes after treatment and notes expansion, especially of lower intercanine width, often relapses. It recommends using tapered, square, and ovoid arch forms to balance efficiency and accuracy for individual patients.
Dr. Percival Raymond Begg developed the Begg technique for orthodontic treatment over many years, beginning in the 1920s. He studied under Dr. Angle and was an early user of the Edgewise appliance. Through his own practice, Begg realized some limitations of Angle's methods and made modifications like removing teeth or stripping tooth width to improve outcomes. This evolved into the Begg technique using light wires and brackets to minimize forces and reduce relapse. The technique gained popularity after visits by American orthodontists to Begg's practice and demonstrations of its effectiveness.
The document discusses factors that should be considered in the finishing and detailing stage of orthodontic treatment. It covers 17 factors identified by Dougherty, including correcting overjet/overbite, establishing correct tip and torque of anterior teeth, coordinating arch widths, establishing marginal ridge relationships and contact points. It also discusses esthetic procedures like gingival zenith and missing laterals, as well as periodontal procedures like supracrestal fibrotomy. The document provides guidelines for finishing based on ABO requirements, including overjet of 1-3mm and buccolingual tooth inclinations within 1mm of a straight edge. Positioners are also discussed for settling the occlusion at the finishing stage.
Arch Form in orthodontics /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dent...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
This slide gives an full view of the important bio mechanics of temporary anchorage devices (TADS) this slide includes :
# Bio-mechanical principles of miniscrews in orthodontics
# Force Systems
#Biomechanical Considerations : Miniscrews
#Biomechanics For Anterior Retraction
#Biomechanics For Molar Intrusion
#Biomechanics For Molar Distalization
#Biomechanics For Molar Uprighting
#Biomechanics For Molar Protraction
determinate vs indeterminate force systemKumar Adarsh
This document discusses force systems in orthodontics. It describes determinate and indeterminate force systems, with determinate systems providing better control of forces and moments. One-couple systems are created using a cantilever spring or auxiliary arch wire tied to a tooth at one end. Two-couple systems are created when an arch wire is tied into brackets on both ends. Common applications of one and two-couple systems include intrusion/extrusion arches and lingual arches. Segmented arch mechanics allow precise control but require more wire bending compared to continuous arch wires.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
This document provides an overview of pitchfork analysis for evaluating changes in cephalometric radiographs over time. It discusses landmarks used for superimposing tracings of the cranial base, maxilla, and mandible. For the cranial base, sella and nasion are commonly used. The maxilla can be superimposed along the palatal plane or contours of the zygomatic arches. For the mandible, the lower border, symphysis, or gonion-gnathion and gonion-menton planes are used. Pitchfork analysis expresses changes in molar and incisor relationships algebraically to quantify treatment effects.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The document announces an event at Casa Asia on Wednesday the 12th. The event is called "Various Exhibitions" and will take place in front of the entrance at Av/ Diagonal 373, which can be reached by several bus lines. The event is free of charge and starts at 16:30h.
This very short document does not contain enough contextual information to generate a meaningful 3 sentence summary. The document simply states "this is test document" without providing any additional details.
This very short document does not contain enough content to create a meaningful 3 sentence summary. It consists of a single sentence stating "this is test document" without any other details.
La tarjeta profesional presenta los datos personales y profesionales de Arlene Patricia Roblero Aguilar, quien es arquitecto con cédula profesional 4677543 y RFC ROAA811109-B92. Incluye su dirección, números de teléfono y correo electrónico de contacto en Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas.
En utställning om att bo mindre, leva mer & bygga själv.
S:t Sigfrids Folkhögskolas kurs Återbruk-en praktisk byggkurs elever välkomnar alla nyfikna att besöka årets husbyggen.
Gratis inträde. Parkering i direkt anslutning till husen.
Este documento fornece informações sobre os passos para obter o Selo de Qualidade Sindistal (SQS), incluindo associar-se ao Sindistal, cadastrar a empresa legalmente, preparar a empresa com um sistema de gestão de qualidade, qualificar a mão de obra, e submeter a empresa a uma auditoria de certificação.
Gemba Walk: Placing Yourself in the Process - New York Business Process Profe...Samuel Chin, PMP, CSM
- The Gemba walk teaches us to observe processes in the actual place they occur to fully understand all the details, as people often forget or bias details when explaining processes.
- Even when not in the actual place, it is important to train our imagination to visualize ourselves performing the process to validate our understanding is comprehensive.
- Physical continuity is key to understanding a process fully, and the Gemba walk helps develop skills to reproduce this understanding remotely through questioning.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Vari simplex /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
The document discusses the Vari-Simplex appliance designed by Richard G. Wick Alexander to provide excellent orthodontic treatment results simply. It focuses on key aspects of the appliance including bracket selection, height, angulation, torque, and archwire sequence. Non-extraction treatment is described beginning with aligning the maxilla using elastic forces before bonding the mandible. The goals are to upright the mandibular incisors over basal bone and level the curve of Spee without extractions whenever possible.
Este documento presenta el estatuto de la Universidad Nacional Federico Villarreal. Incluye la definición de la universidad, sus principios y fines, la descripción de sus autoridades y órganos de gobierno, y las normas que rigen aspectos académicos, de investigación, docentes, estudiantiles y administrativos.
Vertical control in swa, intrusion mechanics /fixed orthodontic courses /c...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
00919248678078
Andrews six keys of occlusion / certified fixed orthodontics courses in indiaIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Andrews 6 keys of normal occlusion /certified fixed orthodontic courses by In...Indian dental academy
Welcome to Indian Dental Academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy has a unique training program & curriculum that provides students with exceptional clinical skills and enabling them to return to their office with high level confidence and start treating patients
State of the art comprehensive training-Faculty of world wide repute &Very affordable.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The document discusses bracket variations that can be used to optimize tooth positioning for different malocclusion types. Specifically, it describes how inverting the bracket on an upper lateral incisor that is palatally displaced can provide beneficial labial root torque to help align the crown and root. Inverting the bracket changes the torque prescription from +10 degrees to -10 degrees, facilitating labial movement of the root during treatment. Careful selection and positioning of brackets can simplify treatment of localized anomalies.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
- The document summarizes Lawrence F. Andrews' "Six Keys to Normal Occlusion" which were identified in 1972 based on a study of 120 models with excellent natural occlusion. The six keys are: 1) Correct interarch relationships, 2) Correct crown angulation, 3) Correct crown inclination, 4) No rotations, 5) Tight contact points, and 6) A flat curve of Spee between 0-2.5mm. Achieving these six characteristics through orthodontic treatment results in optimal static occlusion.
Finishing & detailing in contemporary orthodontics / fixed orthodontics coursesIndian dental academy
This document discusses considerations for finishing and detailing in orthodontic treatment. The key goals of finishing include achieving proper occlusion, functional movements, periodontal health, and esthetics. Factors that must be addressed include horizontal alignment, vertical positioning of teeth and marginal ridges, transverse arch coordination, and dynamic occlusion. Techniques like overcorrection and elastics may be used to ensure stability of the final result. Proper finishing is important for achieving the treatment goals and standards set by organizations like the American Board of Orthodontics.
Andrew identified 6 keys to normal occlusion based on a study of non-orthodontic models. The 6 keys are:
1. Proper molar relationship between the upper first molar and lower second molar.
2. Positive crown angulation for all teeth.
3. Negative crown inclination for most teeth, except upper front teeth.
4. Teeth should be free from undesirable rotations.
5. Tight contact points between all teeth.
6. An occlusal plane that is relatively flat, rather than a deep or reverse curve of Spee.
When these 6 keys are present, it results in optimal intercuspation and occlusion. Deviations
The document discusses normal occlusion and defines key aspects such as ideal occlusion, normal occlusion, and Andrews's six keys to normal occlusion. It describes compensatory curves like the curve of spee and curve of Wilson. It outlines the ideal positioning of teeth in the dental arch regarding contact points, anteroposterior position, vertical position, and axial inclination. Andrews's six keys to normal occlusion are defined as the molar relationship, crown angulation, crown inclination, lack of undesirable rotations, tight contacts between teeth, and a flat or slightly curved occlusal plane.
Finishing & detailing in orthodontics / fixed orthodontics courseIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Andrew’s straight wire appliance /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indi...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Description :
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training
center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental
professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified
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6- Prosthetic problems and possible solutions in setting –up of teeth for ske...AmalKaddah1
Edited
Prosthetic Problems and possible solutions in Setting–up
of teeth for skeletal Class I, II and Class III arch relationship
For completely edentulous patients
I-Introduction
II-Factors affecting teeth arrangement
1. Pattern of bone resorption
2. Esthetics and phonetics requirements.
3. Stability
4. Occlusal plane
5. Arch form ( Arrangement of teeth in harmony with ridge contour)
6. Interdigitation of the teeth
7. The inclination for proper occlusion
8. Arch relationship
III- Guidelines governing the position of artificial teeth
IV- Arrangement of teeth in normal cases.
V - Atypical arrangement of teeth (Class II, Class II)
VI- Common errors in teeth setting.
VII- Occlusal Schemes- Attempts to Stabilize Dentures (Lingualized and Monoplane occlusion).
Normal occlusion 1 /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental acad...Indian dental academy
The document discusses normal occlusion from the perspectives of the Indian Dental Academy. It defines key concepts such as normal occlusion, ideal occlusion, and Andrews' six keys to normal occlusion. Normal occlusion is described as a range that can vary between individuals while still being functional. Ideal occlusion is a theoretical standard. Andrews' six keys to normal occlusion are established based on studies of non-orthodontic individuals and include relationships between molars, crown angulation, inclination, lack of rotations, tight contacts, and a flat occlusal plane.
8 - setting of teeth for class I, II and II arch relation ship (Edited)Amal Kaddah
Prosthetic Problems and possible solutions in Setting –up
of teeth for skeletal Class II and Class III arch relationship
of completely edentulous patients
Prof. Amal F. Kaddah
This document discusses the development of the concept of occlusion from early fictional and hypothetical periods to the current factual period. It outlines key figures and their contributions, such as Angle establishing occlusion as the basis of orthodontics. It describes Andrews' six keys to optimal occlusion and three occlusion philosophies, with gnathology focusing on occlusion as part of the functional masticatory system rather than just teeth. Determinants of occlusion include fixed, variable, vertical and horizontal factors.
6- Prosthetic Problems and possible solutions in Setting –up of teeth for ske...Amal Kaddah
COMPLETE DENTURE CONSTRUCTION
1- Diagnosis and Treatment Planning for Removable Prosthodontics
2- Preliminary Maxillary and mandibular impression procedures
3- Final Maxillary and mandibular impression procedures
4- Jaw Relation Registration
a. Introduction and the stomatognathic system
What 'occlusion' is and why it is important
b. Definitions.
c. Check denture foundation and Establishment of facial contour.
d. Establishment of the occlusal plane.
e. Importance of mounting the maxillary cast using Maxillary face-bow record and transfer.
f. Determination of vertical dimension of centric occluding relation.
g. Determination of centric and eccentric relations at the accepted vertical dimension.
5- Selection of Artificial Teeth
6- Prosthetic Problems and possible solutions in Setting –up of teeth for skeletal Class I, II and Class III arch relationship of completely edentulous patients.
7- Try-in of the wax trial complete denture.
8- Complete denture insertion (Delivery)
9- Occlusal corrections.
10- Managements of Post Insertion Problems and Complaints.
11- Single denture and Kelly's Syndrome
12- Denture Processing and Laboratory Errors.
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1ST, 2ND AND 3RD ORDER BENDS IN STANDARD EDGEWISE APPLIANCE SYSTEM /Fixed ort...Indian dental academy
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals
who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry,
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Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
I –Aligners are made with FDA approved transparent thermoplastic materials using 3D scanning, 3D Printing and finally Trays with Pressure vacuum formers.
Dear Doctor,
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Leader in continuing dental education
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The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
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The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
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Cytotoxicity of silicone materials used in maxillofacial prosthesis / dental ...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
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Diagnosis and treatment planning in completely endntulous arches/dental coursesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
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The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
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Use of modified tooth forms in complete denture occlusion / dental implant...Indian dental academy
This document discusses dental occlusion concepts and philosophies for complete dentures. It introduces key terms like physiologic occlusion and defines different occlusion schemes like balanced articulation and monoplane articulation. The document discusses advantages and disadvantages of using anatomic versus non-anatomic teeth for complete dentures. It also outlines requirements for maintaining denture stability, such as balanced occlusal contacts and control of horizontal forces. The goal of occlusion for complete dentures is to re-establish the homeostasis of the masticatory system disrupted by edentulism.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
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The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
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This document discusses dental casting investment materials. It describes the three main types of investments - gypsum bonded, phosphate bonded, and ethyl silicate bonded investments. For gypsum bonded investments specifically, it details their classification, composition including the roles of gypsum, silica, and modifiers, setting time, normal and hygroscopic setting expansion, and thermal expansion. It provides information on how the properties of gypsum bonded investments are affected by their composition. The document serves as a comprehensive overview of dental casting investment materials.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
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The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
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The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
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The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
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This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Film vocab for eal 3 students: Australia the movie
Andrew's
1. PRINCIPLES AND CONCEPT OF
ANDREW’S PREADJUSTED
EDGEWISE APPLIANCE
www.indiandentalacademy.com
2. INTRODUCTION
For over 100 years orthodontists have always followed a
classic guideline given by Angle in diagnosis - The mesiobuccal
cusp of the upper first permanent molar should rest on
mesiobuccal groove of the lower first permanent molar. Even
though it was genuine & accurate, how sufficient it was? It has
always remained a question over these years. Even though
classification have been made about malocclusion, no one gave
the criteria for ideal occlusion.
In the early 60s Lawrence.F.Andrews noted that too
many post treated models had obvious inadequacies, despite the
acceptable molar relationship as described by Angle. Recognizing
conditions in treated cases that were obviously less than ideal was
not difficult, but neither it was sufficient.www.indiandentalacademy.com
3. So, Andrew decided to collect data about what was
significantly characteristic in models which needed no
orthodontic treatment. The concept was “ if one knew what
constituted right, consistently & methodically identify &
quantify what was wrong”.
So 120 non orthodontic models were acquired from 1960
to 1964. Models selected were of the patients teeth which -
• Had never had any orthodontic treatment
• Pleasing in appearance
• Had a bite that looked generally correct
• Would not benefit from orthodontic treatment
These 120 models were compared with 1150 treated cases
which he collected from orthodontist all over USA.
So the best in treatment results [1150 treated cases] & best
in nature[120 non orthodontic models] revealed the differences
between the right & wrong, which gave birth to SIX KEYS OF
OPTIMAL OCCLUSION.www.indiandentalacademy.com
4. SIX KEYS TO OPTIMAL OCCLUSION
Key 1 : Interarch relationship
This key consists of seven points.
1. The mesiobuccal cusp of permanent maxillary first molar
occludes in the groove between the mesial and middle buccal
cusps of the permanent mandibular first molar as explained by
Angle.
2. The distal marginal ridge of the maxillary first molar occludes
with the mesial marginal ridge of the mandibular second molar.
3. The mesiolingual cusp of the maxillary first molar occludes in
the central fossa of the mandibular first molar.www.indiandentalacademy.com
5. 4. The buccal cusps of the maxillary premolars have a cusp-
embrasure relationship with the mandibular premolars.
5. The lingual cusps of the maxillary premolars have a cusp-
fossa relationship with the mandibular premolars.
6. The maxillary canine has a cusp-embrasure relationship with
the mandibular canine and first premolar. The tip of its cusp is
slightly mesial to the embrasure.
7. The maxillary incisors overlap the mandibular incisors, and
the midlines of the arches match.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
6. As seen in this diagram, closer the
distobuccal cusp of the upper first
molar occluded with mesial
surface of the mesiobuccal cusp of
the lower second molar the better
the opportunity for normal
occlusion .
MOLAR RELATIONSHIP
When Angle described about molar relationship he stated that
The mesiobuccal cusp of the upper first permanent molar should
rest on mesiobuccal groove of the lower first permanent molar.
But non orthodontic models consistently demonstrated that “Distal
surface of the distobuccal cusp of the upper first molar
occluded with the mesial surface of the mesiobuccal cusp of the
lower second molar”.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
7. Key 2 : CROWN ANGULATION
The Mesiodistal tip of the crown.
The degree of crown tip is
the angle between the long axis of
the crown & a line drawn 90
degrees from occlusal plane.
“Positive” when gingival portion is
distal to incisal portion.
“Negative” when gingival portion
is mesial to incisal portion.
All the non orthodontic
models had a distal inclination of
the gingival portion of the crown.
ie Positive readingwww.indiandentalacademy.com
8. Key 3 : CROWN INCLINATION
Labiolingual or Buccolingual inclination.
Crown inclination is determined from the mesial or distal
perspective.
Angle formed by a line 90 degree to
occlusal plane & a line tangent to
bracket site.
“Positive” when gingival portion of
tangent line is lingual. “Negative”
when gingival portion of tangent
line is labial or buccal.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
9. When the upper anterior crown
are insufficiently inclined, upper
posterior crowns are forward of
their normal position.
But when the anterior crowns
are properly inclined, one can
see how the posterior teeth are
encouraged into their normal
positions.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
10. The pattern of upper posterior
crown inclination was consistent
in non orthodontic normal
models. A minus crown
inclination existed in each crown
from upper canine through the
upper second premolar. A
slightly more negative crown
inclination existed in upper 1st
&
2nd
molar.
In the lower teeth, a
progressively greater minus
crown inclination existed from
lower canines through the lower
second molars.www.indiandentalacademy.com
11. Key 4 : ROTATIONS
The fourth key to normal
occlusion is that the teeth
should be free of rotations,
because if molars rotated,
would occupy more space than
normal. So it will create a
situation unreceptive to
normal occlusion.
Key 5 : TIGHT CONTACTS
The fifth key is that the
contact points should be tight,
ie no spaces. Without
exceptions contact points in
the non orthodontic models
were tight.www.indiandentalacademy.com
12. Key 6 : OCCLUSAL PLANE
The planes of occlusion found in
the non orthodontic models
ranged from flat to slight curve of
spee. Andrew believes that a flat
plane should be treatment goal as
a form of overtreatment since
there is natural tendency for the
curve of spee to deepen with
time.www.indiandentalacademy.com
13. 1. Andrews Plane
The surface or a plane on which the
mid transverse plane of every crown
in an arch will fall when teeth are
optimally positioned.
2. Clinical crown
The amount of visible crown in the
late mixed dentition with gingiva that
is healthy and not recessed. Orban
defined clinical crown as anatomical
crown minus 1.8 mm.
Before we go further, we will see some of the landmarks given
by Andrew which would help more to understand further details.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
14. 3. Facial Axis of the Clinical
Crown [FACC]
For all the teeth except molars, the
most prominent portion of the central
lobe on each crown’s facial surface.
For molars, buccal groove that
separates the 2 large facial cusps.
4. FA Point
The point on the facial surface that
separates the gingival half of the
clinical crown from the occlusal half.www.indiandentalacademy.com
15. 5. Midsagittal Plane
An imaginary line that separates the crown mesio-distally at the
facial axis of the clinical crown (FACC).
6. Mid Transverse Plane
An imaginary line that separates occlusal half the crown from the
gingival half of the crown.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
16. MEASUREMENTS
After determining the 6 keys of occlusions Andrew made
certain measurements in the non orthodontic modles which
helped in the development of a fully programmed appliance. The
purpose was to learn the extent to which positions & in certain
ways shape were constant within each tooth type & how relative
size was consistent within an arch. The measurement were made
with Protractor with adjustable readout arms, Boley gauge &
template of circles. The measurements made are:
www.indiandentalacademy.com
18. The average findings for the maxillary teeth are:
ANGULATION
INCLINATION
www.indiandentalacademy.com
19. The average findings for the maxillary teeth are:
CROWN PROMINENCE
MAXILLARY MOLAR OFFSET
www.indiandentalacademy.com
20. The average findings for the maxillary teeth are:
ANGULATION
INCLINATION
www.indiandentalacademy.com
21. No offset was needed for mandibular molar
because the middle & mesiobuccal cusps are
equal in prominence. The curve of spee
ranged from flat to 2.5 mm.
CROWN PROMINENCE
This study revealed consistencies in the position, morphology &
relative facial prominence for the crown of each tooth type with an
arch except for incisor inclination. The differences in the incisor
inclination were attributed to interjaw disharmony. Thus special
considerations must be given in the bracket design to correlate the
inclination of incisors with interjaw relationship.www.indiandentalacademy.com
22. After making the measurements, Andrew compared the 120 non
orthodontic models with the treated 1150 models.
ie best in nature Vs best in treatment.
Comparison were made particularly in relation to the 6 keys of
optimal occlusion:-
KEY I – Inter-arch relationship
In 80% of the treated models, Distal marginal ridge of maxillary
molar I molar did not occlude with mesial marginal ridge of
mandibular II molar. Whereas in the non orthodontic models, that
relationship was optimal.
KEY II – Angulation
In 91% of the treated models, The crowns had one or more
teeth whose angulation differed from those of optimal sample.www.indiandentalacademy.com
23. KEY III – Inclination
Inter incisal FACC – In optimal – more than 180 degrees in 78%
In treated - Less than 180 degrees in 81.5%
KEY IV – Rotation
Rotations were evident in 67% of post treated cases.
KEY V – Tight contacts
Spaces were seen in 43% of post treatment casts.
KEY VI – Curve of spee
More than 2.5 mm in 56% of post treatment casts.www.indiandentalacademy.com
24. These evidence showed that only few post treatment results met
the six key standards. So a quarter century of research done by
Andrew, devoted to naturally optimal & treated occlusions has
yielded not only the six keys, but also several principles
fundamental to the concept of fully programmed appliance. They
are:-
• Each normal tooth type is similar in shape from one individual
to another.
• The size of normal crowns within a dentition has no effect on
their optimal angulation, inclination or prominence of their facial
surface.
• Most individuals have normal teeth regardless of whether their
occlusion is flawed or optimal.
• Jaws must be normal & correctly related to permit the teeth to
be correctly positioned & related.
• Dentitions with normal teeth and in jaws that are or can be
correctly related can be brought to optimal occlusal standards.www.indiandentalacademy.com
25. NORMALITY – ABNORMALITY & OPTIMALITY
In this point of time Andrew spoke about what exactly
Normality, Abnormality & Optimality means.
Abnormality : Individuals with abnormal jaws & teeth fall into
this category. For example cleft palate, peg laterals, etc. treatment
for this group always needs a multi disciplinary approach. ie only
orthodontists can’t solve the problem.
Naturally Optimal : Group with normal teeth & jaws who require
no orthodontic treatment. 120 non orthodontic models can be
included in this group.
Normal malocclusion: Group with malocclusion which can be
treated to Optimal standards.www.indiandentalacademy.com
26. So both the naturally optimal & the normal malocclusion
fall under a same category where they are differentiated only
through 6 keys of optimal occlusion.
So when the normal tooth types are similar in shape &
require similar positions for occlusions to be optimal, why should a
clinician spend so much of their lives making virtually identical
bends in identical wires each time striving to estimate the
requirement for effective tooth guidance?
It seemed feasible to design an appliance that could be
readily applied to normal teeth with normal malocclusions & direct
them to optimal goals. When correctly sited, the brackets would be
designed to provide the guidance needed with few wire bends. The
development of this appliance resulted partly from the 6 keys of
optimal occlusion and partly from detailed analysis of limitations
of edgewise appliance. www.indiandentalacademy.com
27. SHORTCOMINGS OF EDGEWISE APPLIANCE
The edgewise appliance designed by Angle is “Non
programmed” because of the bilaterally symmetric design. If
located on the FA point & the FACC & used with unbent
archwire, the brackets would cause the Inclination of the facial
plane of each crown to be at 90 degrees to occlusal plane, the
occluso gingival positions of each crown to be irregular, all
crowns to have equal facial prominence & angulation of the FACC
of each crown to be at 90 degree to the occlusal plane. The major
shortcomings of edgewise appliance are:
• Bracket bases are perpendicular to bracket stem
• Bracket bases are not contoured occlusogingivally
• Slots are not angulated
• Bracket stems are of equal faciolingual thickness
• Maxillary molar offset is not built in.
• Bracket siting techniques are unsatisfactory.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
28. 1. Perpendicular bases :
The base of the non –
programmed bracket is
perpendicular to the stem. This
feature can acuse problems for
the slot inclination & occluso
gingival position.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
29. Each crown in an arch has
it’s own optimal amount of
inclination. Therefore brackets
having bases that are perpendicular
to their stem & sited base point of
each crown, will target their slots to
that many different inclination &
occlusogingival levels. even when
the base point of the bracket is sited
on the FA point of the crowns,
occlusogingivally the slots are
poorly aligned relative to Andrew’s
plane.
Now as seen in this
diagram, the effect when the
brackets are aligned with unbent
archwire. Dotted lines represents
the required ideal position.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
30. 2. Bases not contoured
occlusogingivally
Occluso gingivally the bracket is
flat but the facial surface of a
crown is curved. So when such a
bracket is being attached to the
crown, it can unintentionally be
rocked occlusally or gingivally.
So there will be irregular slot
siting in each arch caused by
vertically flat based brackets. Only
a part of the bracket will be
touching the crown.
This diagram shows the effect of
the irregularly placed brackets.
The dotted line indicates the
optimal tooth position required.www.indiandentalacademy.com
31. 3. Slots not angulated
The brackets slots of the edgewise
brackets are non angulated.
When the vertical components of
the brackets are sited parallel to
FACC & base point sited at FA
point, the angle of the slot vary to
many different angulation
This diagram shows the effects
when the brackets are placed
without slot angulation. Dotted
line indicates the ideal requirementwww.indiandentalacademy.com
32. 4.Stems of equal prominence
Distance between bracket base &
center of slot is same in each
brackets.
Therefore when the brackets are
placed they become as irregular in
the facial prominence as the
crown.
So, with the unbent archwire the
facial surface of the each crown
becomes equidistant from the
embrasure line, which is
undesirable.www.indiandentalacademy.com
33. 5. Maxillary molar offset not
built in
Since the maxillary molar offset is
not built in, the midsagittal plane
of the slot is angular to the mid
sagittal plane of the crown. This
will lead to rotational effect of the
molars. So a first order bends must
be installed into archwire to
accommodate these differences.
6.Unsatisfactory landmarks
Most of the authors & practitioners
seldom agreed about which
landmarks are best for bracket
siting and each required a different
wire bending.www.indiandentalacademy.com
34. Non programmed brackets are simple in design, easily
manufactured and inexpensive. Unfortunately they are difficult
to use because considerable wire bending is needed throughout
the treatment.
There are three types of wire bending.
1. PRIMARY WIRE BENDING
2. SECONDARY WIRE BENDING
3. TERTIARY WIRE BENDING
1. PRIMARY WIRE BENDING
Which includes,
• First-order
• Second-order
• Third-order bends for the most direct movement of teeth.www.indiandentalacademy.com
39. To achieve optimal tooth position and to avoid mesiodistal
“rocking” picture the teeth in both arches optimally positioned
with ideal rectangular archwires that passively fit all bracket slots.
The number and magnitude of primary first-second and third-
order bends in those arch wire can be quantified.
For the maxillary and mandibular teeth 26 second-order
ANGULATION bends needed, totaling 112°. In addition 16
primary second-order OCCLUSOGINGIVAL bends are needed,
totaling approximately 2.36mm. For INCLINATION 16 primary
third-order bends are required, totaling 215°. For CROWN
PROMINENCE 14 first order bends are needed, totaling 6.5mm.
And for maxillary molars, there must be 4 first order offset bends
totaling 40°. www.indiandentalacademy.com
40. When the brackets are sited on a full complement of
optimally positioned teeth, the final ‘IDEAL’ archwire will
require 76 primary wire bendings if it is to be placed passively
into the slots. This number includes 46 bends (totaling 484°) for
angulation, inclination, and offset, and 30 bends (totaling
24.3mm) for prominence and occlusogingival slot position error.
ABOVE STATEMENT PROVED THAT IT IS
IMPOSSIBLE TO INCORPORATE ALL THESE BENDS INTO
THE ARCHWIRE FOR THE OPTIMAL TOOTH POSITION
GIVEN BY ANDREWS.
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41. 2. SECONDARY WIRE BENDS
Secondary wire bends are any bends for tooth guidance
that are not primary bends. Secondary bends are needed to
compensate for slot-siting irregularities caused by bracket design
and unreliable bracket-siting techniques, wire bending and wire-
forming side effects.
3. TERTIARY WIRE BENDS
A tertiary bend is are placed for any reason other than
guidance. Examples are Omega loops for steps, loops for
increasing wire flexibility and loops for elastics.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
42. INDIVIDUALIZED BRACKETS-BRACKET
SITING-SLOT SITING
1927 Angle has suggested angulating the entire bracket.
Holdaway in 1952 suggested bracket overangulation for teeth on
either side of an extraction site, 1957 Jarabak incorporated slot
inclinication to reduce the used for third order bends he also
recommended bracket angulation.
The concept of forming a fully programmed appliance is that
“When the bracket were correctly sited on the crowns, would be as
malpositioned as the teeth. Such an appliance, when used with
progressively larger unbent archwires, would flex each archwire only
to diminishing extent that the slots & the teeth remained incorrectly
positioned, until gradually the teeth, slots & wires become aligned or
STRAIGHT”.
This involved,
• Whether bracket could be individualized or customized
• Developing a scientific bracket technique
• Determining where the slot must be placed for each tooth type.www.indiandentalacademy.com
43. 1.Individualized and customized brackets
Individualized brackets : It is used for both shape and optimal
position are similar nearly all individuals with normal teeth.
Customized brackets : Shape and optimal position of each tooth
type vary sufficiently among individuals.
• That is whether we should use a universal bracket system for all
the individuals or brackets are customized for every individual
according to his tooth type & treatment plan.
• The only disadvantage of individualized bracket system is that
there might be a need of some wire bending at the end of the
treatment for individuals whose teeth differ from the shape or
intended position programmed into the brackets.
• But a customized appliance would require a second set of cast to
construct each patient’s customized appliance & lost brackets could
require additional impressions & casts.
• So if individualized or universal brackets could produce
satisfactory results without wire bending for a high percentage of
patients, then it would be the obvious choice.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
44. 2.Bracket siting
A suitable bracket site has three criteria :
• Bracket located there will not interfere with either gingiva or with
opposing teeth during occlusion.
• Angulation & inclination of the crown at the bracket site will have
a consistent angular relationship to the plane of each tooth’s occlusal
surface at all times & to the occlusal plane of arch when the teeth are
optimally positioned.
• The middle of each bracket must share the same plane or surface
when the teeth in an arch is optimally positioned.www.indiandentalacademy.com
45. The site that meets these
requirements is the area in
immediate proximity to
Crown’s FA Point. The FA
point always falls on the
Andrew’s plane when the teeth
are optimally positioned.
Therefore the ideal place for
bracket siting will be the mid
point of FACC on the FA
point.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
46. Crown prominence from
embrasure line differ from
each tooth type, with
prominence in molar being
the maximum.
3.Slot siting
Accurate bracket siting is of limited value unless each
bracket positions it’s slot with equal accuracy at a site that would
allow it to passively receive an unbent archwire when teeth are
optimally positioned.
Therefore when an appliance is designed, it should be
designed in such a way that the difference between embrasure line
& slot target point should be equal for all teeth in an arch.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
47. In this diagram, the distant
between the embrasure line [a]
& the slot point [c] is equal
from incisors to molar. But
since the prominence of molar
is more, the distance between
the most prominent point on the
crown[b] & the slot target point
is less than the anterior teeth.
This means that the bracket
stem thickness is reduced in the
molar brackets & it is increased
in the anterior brackets.www.indiandentalacademy.com
48. FULLY PROGRAMMED STANDARD BRACKETS
The standard brackets are the one which are designed to guide
the tooth without any wire bending. But translation or bodily
movement cannot be done with standard brackets. There is one
standard bracket for each tooth type, except incisors which has
3 and molar has 2. The fully programmed programmed standard
bracket include:
1. SLOT SITING FEATURES
2. CONVENIENCE FEATURES
3. AUXILIARY FEATURES
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49. 1. SLOT SITING FEATURES
There are totally 8 slot siting features for the standard brackets :
Feature 1:
Mid transverse plane of slot,
stem & the crown must be in
the same plane. In the diagram
the midtransverse plane is
represented in dotted line.
Feature 2 :
The base of the bracket for
each tooth type must have the
same inclination as the facial
plane of the crown at FA point.www.indiandentalacademy.com
50. Feature 3:
Each bracket’s inclined base
must be contoured occluso
gingivally to match the
curvature of the crown. These
3 features eliminate the need
for 1st
& 2nd
order bends to
deal with occlusogingival
disharmony in slot siting, 3rd
order bends for inclination &
other bends to deal with
inherent side effects of wire
bending.
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51. Feature 4 :
Mid sagittal plane of slot, stem
& crown must be the same.
Feature 5:
Plane of the bracket base at it’s
base point must be the same to
the facial plane of the crown’s
FA point. In all the crowns,
this plane bears 90 degree to
mid sagittal plane, whereas in
molars it is 100 degree due to
unequal faciloa prominence of
molar cusps.www.indiandentalacademy.com
52. Feature 6 :
The base of the bracket must
be contoured to match the
mesio distal radius of the area
of the crown it is designed to
fit.
Feature 7:
The vertical components of the
bracket should be parallel to
one another. The bracket’s
horizontal components are
superior & inferior sides of the
bracket stems. When these
components are sited
equidistance from crown’s
gingva & cusp tip, the base
point of the bracket will be in
line with the FA point.
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53. Feature 8 :
Within an arch, all slot points must have the same distance
between them & the crown’s embrasure line. This factor eliminates
the first order wire bends to accommodate for varying crown
prominence.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
54. 2. CONVENIENCE FEATURES
Convenience features are the designs incorporated into the
brackets that facilitates use by orthodontists or promotes comfort
for the patients, but does not contribute to the biological aspect of
treatment. For example:
• Gingival tie wings are
designed to extend laterally
so that there will not be any
gingival impingement
• The facial surface of the
incisor & canine brackets
are designed parallel to their
bases which in turn parallel
to crown. This feature is for
Lip comfortwww.indiandentalacademy.com
55. 3. AUXILIARY FEATURES
Contribute to the biological aspect of treatment, but not involved
in slot siting. E.g. – Power arms, hooks, facebow tubes, etc…
PRINCIPLES BEHIND THE INCISOR BRACKETS DESIGN
• As reported in the measurement study the inclination range for
the incisors are greater than for other teeth.
• According to the different skeletal pattern there must be a three
standard brackets, each with different base inclination to
accommodate one of the three acceptable but different post
treatment interjaw relationships.
• Of the three brackets designed for maxillary central incisors, one
is to used when the interjaw relationship is anticipated to be Class I
another is for Class II and the third is for Class III tendencies.www.indiandentalacademy.com
56. • For the maxillary central incisor, an unpublished study by Andrews
(1968) of 100 cephalograms showed an average difference of 18°
between the inclination of the facial axis of the crown and that of the
long axis of the tooth.
The correct maxillary incisor bracket can
be selected by subtracting 18° from the post
treatment inclination of the tooth`s long axis,
relative to a line 90° to the occlusal plane.
For example, if the post treatment long axis
is projected to be 20° from a line 90° to the
occlusal plane, 18° subtracted from the 20°
indicates that a bracket with 2° of base
inclination should be prescribed. THIS
INCLINATION APPLED WHEN THE
INTERJAW RELATIONSHIP TENDS TO
BE CLASS II.www.indiandentalacademy.com
57. Class I interjaw conditions the inclination of
the maxillary incisor must be approximately
25°; this, minus 18°, converts to a bracket-
base inclination of 7°.
Class III interjaw conditions, when
the tooth’s long-axis inclination is
30°, the bracket-base inclination
should be 12°. www.indiandentalacademy.com
58. In the measurement study, the maxillary lateral incisor’s
inclination was found to average 4° less than that of the maxillary
central incisor. So whatever bracket-base inclination is prescribed
for the maxillary central incisor, the lateral’s bracket-base
inclination should be 4° less.
For example, the maxillary
lateral bracket that is the mate for
the 7° central incisor bracket in
class I base inclination.
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59. The maxillary
lateral bracket that
is the mate for the
2° central incisor
bracket in class II
base inclination.
Maxillary central
incisor
Maxillary lateral
incisor
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60. The maxillary
lateral bracket that
is the mate for the
12° central incisor
bracket in class III
base inclination.
Maxillary central
incisor
Maxillary lateral
incisor
www.indiandentalacademy.com
61. These are the following prescriptions for fully programmed
standard brackets :
MAXILLARY BRACKETS
Central Incisors 3 types
Class II -Angulation : 5 degrees
Inclination : 2 degrees
Prominence : 1.8 mm
Class I - Inclination : 7 degrees
Class III - Inclination:12 degrees
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62. Lateral Incisors : 3 types
Class II -Angulation : 9 degrees
Inclination : -2 degrees
Prominence : 2.25 mm
Class I - Inclination : 3 degrees
Class III - Inclination : 8 degrees
www.indiandentalacademy.com
63. Canine
Angulation : 11 degrees
Inclination : -7 degrees
Prominence : 1.4 mm
First & Second premolars
Angulation : 2 degrees
Inclination : -7 degrees
Prominence : 1.5 mm
First & Second molars
Class I :
Angulation : 5 degrees
Inclination : -9 degrees
Prominence : 1mm
Offset : 10 degrees
Class II :
Angulation : 0 degree
No Offset
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64. Central & Lateral Incisors
Class II -Angulation : 2 degrees
Inclination : 4 degrees
Prominence : 2.3 mm
Class I - Inclination : -1 degrees
Class III - Inclination :-6 degrees
MANDIBULAR BRACKETS
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65. Canine
Angulation : 5 degrees
Inclination : -11 degrees
Prominence : 1.6 mm
Premolars
First premolar :
Angulation : 5 degrees
Inclination : -17 degrees
Prominence : 1.6 mm
Second premolar :
Inclination : -22 degreeswww.indiandentalacademy.com
66. Molars
First molar :
Angulation : 2 degrees
Inclination : -30 degrees
Prominence : 1mm
Second molar :
Inclination : -35 degrees
The incisors have 3 different types because the inclination range
for incisors was greater than any teeth mainly because of skeletal
class I, classII & class III discrepancies. For maxillary molars, 2
different types are given for class I and class II.www.indiandentalacademy.com
67. FULLY PROGRAMMED TRANSLATION BRACKETS
Translation Problems
Translation is defined as “uniform motion of a body in a
straight line”. For such movement to occur, the force must be applied
to the object’s center of resistance. Unfortunately, a tooth’s center of
resistance is in its root. From the standpoint of physics, a bracket
located on a crown’s face is in the “wrong” place in two ways.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
68. 1. The bracket is occlusal to the
tooth’s center of resistance, so
when a mesial or distal force is
applied, the tooth, instead of
translating, will tend to tip
around its horizontal center of
rotation.
2. The bracket is also located
laterally tooth’s center of
resistance, so instead of
translating when a mesial or
distal force is applied, the tooth
will tends to rotate around its
vertical center of rotation.www.indiandentalacademy.com
69. Translation Solution
There are two fundamental methods of moving a tooth
mesially or distally, and they involve different amounts of force,
bone, and efficiency. The two methods are 1. Pure translation
2. Tipping and then Angulating.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
70. The fully programmed translation brackets have all the
qualities of standard brackets plus a Power arm and three
additional slot siting features which helps in translation:
• Counter Rotation
• Counter Mesio distal tip
• Counter Bucco lingual tip
1. Counter rotation
It is the slot siting feature that counteracts the tooth rotation
during translation and then overcorrect. This feature when coupled
with flex of the archwire counteracts the tooth rotation caused by
the mesial or distal force during mesial or distal movement and
overcorrects when the mesial or distal movement is complete.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
71. • When a mesial force is
applied, the resultant Rotation
movement M is counteracted
by counter moment CM
produced by rotated
slot & flexed
archwire.
• When translation is complete,
the rotated slot provides
rotation overcorrection.
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72. 3 categories of translation brackets are there for counter
rotation
• Minimum - 2 degree slot rotation
• Medium - 4 degree slot rotation
• Maximum - 6 degree slot rotation
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73. Various of Types of Counter Rotation
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74. 2. Counter Mesiodistal tip
This is the slot feature that counters mesial or distal tipping
during translation and overcorrects.
• Mesial slot length “a” is less
than the distance between the
bracket & the tooth’s center of
resistance.
• So when a mesial force is
applied to the bracket , the
countermoment CM & moment
M are out of balance & teeth ends
in tipping.www.indiandentalacademy.com
75. • Even when power arm is
introduced, there is imbalance
since length of power arm is
shorter than the distance between
center of resistance & the
brackets.
• When slot angulation is
increased, CM is equal to M and
results in Translation. This is
because when both power arm &
slot are activated, the combined
width of both of them is equal to
the distance between slot &
center of resistance.
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76. 3. Counter Buccolingual tip:
This slot siting feature is only for
maxillary molars that counteracts
Buccolingual tip during translation
& then overcorrects. This is because
the maxillary molars are the only 3
rooted teeth & their translation
needs special consideration
This is achieved by giving more
negative inclination than standard -9
degrees.
So here is the various altered
values for various tooth types in the
fully programmed translation
brackets.
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77. MAXILLARY BRACKETS
Maxillary Canine
Medium translation
Angulation : 14 (11 + counter
M-D tip of 3)
Rotation : 4
Inclination : -7
Maximum translation
Angulation : 15 (11 + counter
M-D tip of 4)
Rotation : 6
Inclination : -7www.indiandentalacademy.com
78. Maxillary First Premolar
Medium translation
Angulation : 5 (2 + counter
M-D tip is 4)
Rotation : 4
Inclination : -7
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79. Maxillary Second premolar
Minimum translation
Angulation : 0 (2 + counter
M-D tip of -2)
Rotation : 2
Inclination : -7
Medium translation
Angulation : -1 (2 + counter
M-D tip of -3)
Rotation : 4
Inclination : -7
Maximum translation
Angulation : -2 (2 + counter
M-D tip of -4)
Rotation : 6
Inclination : -7www.indiandentalacademy.com
80. Maxillary First & Second Molars
Minimum translation
Angulation : 3 (5 + counter
M-D tip of -2)
Rotation : 12 (10 + counter
rotation 2)
Inclination : -13 (-9 + counter
buccolingual
tip of -4)
Medium translation
Angulation : 2 (5 + counter
M-D tip of -3)
Rotation : 14 (10 + 4)
Inclination : -14 (-9 + -5)
Maximum translation
Angulation : 1 (5 + counter
M-D tip of -4)
Rotation : 16 (10 + 6)
Inclination : -15 (-9 + -6)
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81. Mandibular canine
Medium translation
Angulation : 8 (5 + counter
M-D tip of 3)
Rotation : 4 (0 + Counter
rotation 4)
Inclination : -11
Maximum translation
Angulation : 9 (5 + counter
M-D tip of 4)
Rotation : 6 (0 + 6)
Inclination : -11
First Premolar
Medium translation
Angulation : 5 (2 + counter
M-D tip of 3)
Rotation : 4 (0 + 4)
Inclination : -17www.indiandentalacademy.com
82. Second Premolar
Minimum translation
Angulation : 0 (2 + counter
M-D tip of -2)
Rotation : 2 (0 + 2)
Inclination : -22
Medium translation
Angulation : -1 (2 + counter
M-D tip of -3)
Rotation : 4 (0 + 4)
Inclination : -22
Maximum translation
Angulation : -2 (2 + counter
M-D tip of -4)
Rotation : 6 (0 + 6)
Inclination : -22www.indiandentalacademy.com
83. Mandibular First Molar
Minimum translation
Angulation : 0 (2 + counter
M-D tip of -2)
Rotation : 2
Inclination : -30
Medium translation
Angulation : -1 (2 + counter
M-D tip of -3)
Rotation : 4
Inclination : -30
Maximum translation
Angulation : -2 (2 + counter
M-D tip of -4)
Rotation : 6
Inclination : -30www.indiandentalacademy.com
84. Mandibular Second Molar
Minimum translation
Angulation : 0 (2 + counter
M-D tip of -2)
Rotation : 2
Inclination : -35
Medium translation
Angulation : -1 (2 + counter
M-D tip of -3)
Rotation : 4
Inclination : -35
Maximum translation
Angulation : -2 (2 + counter
M-D tip of -4)
Rotation : 6
Inclination : -35www.indiandentalacademy.com
85. FULLY PROGRAMMED APPLIANCE PRESCRIPTION
Selecting a most suitable Straightwire brackets for each
tooth in an arch begins with deciding which teeth must be moved
mesiodistally & how far they must be moved. The next step is to
determine whether those teeth should be tipped or translated.
The teeth to be translated will need translation brackets –
Minimum, medium or maximum depending upon the teeth to be
moved. The other teeth may need only standard brackets.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
87. To make these distinctions, first measure the discrepancy
between the size of the teeth & space available for them within the
existing arch. Then add or subtract the amount of space that would
result from any proposed changes which can be achieved without
mesial or distal movement. The result would give the interim core
discrepancy – ICD. Depending upon the value of ICD, treatment
plan can be made for the mesial or distal movement of the teeth,
with or without extraction.
Andrew gave 12 possibilities for maxillary arch & 11 for the
mandibular arch. Depending upon the value of ICD, he made 3
types of natural divisions- Spaced, classic & crowded. The
prescriptions were extraction or non extraction depending upon
the discrepancy, which is given in the chart.
So these are the following prescriptions which Andrew gave for
each situations:- S indicates standard brackets, 1 indicated
minimum translation brackets, 2 indicates medium & 3 indicated
maximum translation brackets.
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88. TYPE SPACED
3 Subtypes – All non extraction
Subtype 0 to 4 mm
Advance molars & premolars
0 to 2
mm per side
Subtype 5 to 8 mm
Advance molars & premolars
2.5 mm to 5 mm per side
Subtype 9 to 14 mm
Advance molars & premolars
4.5 to 7 mm per side
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89. TYPE CLASSIC (zero space)
1 Subtype – Non extraction
1 Alternative – extraction
Subtype – Non extraction
Some tooth repositioning is
required-
Angulation, inclination, rotation,
Tipping, intrusion or extrusion.
Alternate – extraction of first
premolars
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90. TYPE CROWDED
6 extractions & 1 non-extraction
Subtype 0 to 6 – non extraction
Molars, premolars & canines
Tipped distally to neutralize ICD
Alternate – exactly 6 mm
Extraction of first premolars
Translate molars 3 mm mesially
Premolar & canines 3mm distally
Subtype 7 to 8mm
Extraction of first premolars
Advance molars & premolars
Retract canines
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91. Subtype – 9 to 10 mm
Extraction of first premolars
Subtype – 11 to 13mm
Extraction of first premolars
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92. Subtype 14 mm
Extraction of first premolars
Retract only the canines
Alternate 14 mm
Only for Maxillary arch.
When class II molar relation is
left that way www.indiandentalacademy.com
93. Even though this series of brackets given by Andrew
were used initially, now they are not used because of the
following disadvantages:-
• Undesirable force vectors,[especially tip of the canines] are
increased in the early stages of treatment.
• When light forces are used, the overcorrection built into
extraction series brackets is not necessary.
• There is a need for substantially increased band & bracket
inventory, or else a need to weld brackets at the chairside with
inherent possibilities of inaccuracy.
• More than that this also gives different types of prescriptions
for various situations. But it is always better to have a universal
system of bracket prescription instead of some 12 prescriptions.
So these disadvantages gave rise to lot of modifications
in the prescriptions in the following years.
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94. CONCLUSION
Straight wire appliance is not a computer software which
can be downloaded from the bracket case and executed in the teeth
to get desired results.
Preadjusted edgewise appliance will not diagnose cases, it
will not set up treatment plan, and will not figure out the mechanics
needed to correct the malocclusion. But a properly placed Straight
wire appliance will detail the tooth positions better, more
consistently, and faster than one can be bending offsets into the
archwire.
The key is to get the brackets properly placed. This requires
lot of self discipline and persistence, but the benefits are well worth
of the efforts. It allows one to detail and finish cases more
accurately. www.indiandentalacademy.com