a detailed description of copper medical importance and all clinical conditions described

3.  Copper is an essential trace element (i.e., micronutrient)
 copper is essential to the proper functioning of organs
and metabolic processes.
 Body contains about 100 mg copper distributed in
different organ.
 Copper is incorporated into a variety
of proteins and metalloenzymes which perform essential
metabolic functions.
 Copper deficiency and toxicity can be either of genetic or
non-genetic origin.

4.  Biochemical functions
Biochemical functions of copper

5. Cytochrome
oxidase
catalase
tyrosinase
Super oxide
dismutase
Monoamine
oxidase
Ascorbic acid
oxidase
Phenol
oxidase and
uricase
ALA synthase
copper
Due to its presence in
a wide variety of
enzymes, copper is
involved in many
metabolic reaction.

6. Copper is necessary
for the synthesis of
Hemoglobin
( Cu is a constituent of
ALA synthase,
needed for
heme synthesis).

7. Lysine Residues of collagen and elastin to allysin.
Lysyl oxidase( a copper-containing enzyme)

8.  Ceruloplasmin exhibits a copper-dependent
oxidase activity.
 oxidation of Fe2+ (ferrous iron) into
Fe3+ (ferric iron)
 Ceruloplasmin assist iron transport in the
plasma in association with transferrin, which
can carry iron only in the ferric state.

9. Copper is necessary for the synthesis of
melanin and phospholipids……..

10. Hemocyanin, a copper protein complex
in invertebrates, functions like
hemoglobin for 0xygen transport.

11. HEMOCUPREIN
CEREBROCUPREIN
HEPATOCUPREIN

12. Bone development
Nervous system development

14. •Adults
2-3mg/d
•children
0.5-2mg/d

15. Liver kidney Meat
Egg yolk
cereals Green veggies

16. Milk is poor source of copper

18. Copper

21. 1. Phytate
2. Zinc
3. molybdenum
1. Metallothionein

23.  Demineralization of bones,
 Demyelination of neural tissue,
 Anemia,
 Fragility of arteries,
 Myocardial fibrosis,
 Hypopigmentation of skin,
 Greying of hair.

24. Plasma copper
100-200mg/dl
95% tightly bound
to ceruloplasmin
5% loosely bound
to Albumin
Normal concentration of serum ceruloplasmin is 25-50 mg/dl.

25. The symptoms of Menke's disease include
decreased copper in plasma and anemia
and depigmentation of hair.
Defect in the intestinal absorption of copper

28. Copper is deposited in abnormal amounts in
liver and lenticular nucleus of brain. This may
lead to hepatic cirrhosis and brain necrosis

29. KF ring

30.  Low levels of copper and ceruloplasmin in
plasma with increased excretion of copper in
urine.
 Copper deposition in kidney causes renal
damage. This leads to increased excretion of
amino acids, glucose, peptides and
hemoglobin in urine.
 Intestinal absorption of copper is very high,
about 4-6 times higher than normal.

31. penicillamine treatment relies on its binding to accumulated
copper and elimination through urine

33. Thank
you