This document discusses controlling and coordination in management. It defines controlling as setting standards, measuring performance against those standards, and taking corrective actions when needed. The key steps in controlling are setting standards, measuring performance, identifying deviations, analyzing deviations, and taking corrective actions. Traditional and modern controlling techniques are discussed. Coordination is defined as harmonizing group efforts to achieve common goals. The principles of coordination include early start, direct contact, reciprocal relationships, and continuity. Common coordination techniques are rules and procedures, planning, and hierarchy.

1. CONTROLLING
and
COORDINATING
PREPARED BY:
Padum Chetry
Pragya Haloi
Upasana Madhukalya
Govinda Roy

2. CONTENTS
CONTROLLING
Concept: meaning, definition
Features, steps
Major control techniques
Essentials of an effective control system
Importance
COORDINATION
Meaning, definition and features
Importance and Principles
Major coordination techniques

3. CONTROLLING

4. CONTROLLING
- Management control refers to setting of predetermined standards, comparing actual
performance with these standards and if required, taking corrective actions to ensure the
achievement of organizational goals.
‘‘Managerial control implies the measurement of accomplishment against
the standard and the correction of deviations to assure attainment of
objectives according to plans.’’
-Koontz and O’Donnell

5. Features:
 Determines standards, norms and
goals
 Fundamental management function.
 It is all pervasive.
 Continuous activity.
 It is related to results.

6. STEPS IN THE PROCESS OF
CONTROLLING
1.Setting performance standards
2.Measurement of actual performance against
standards.
3.Identification of deviations.
4.Analysis of deviations.
5.Initiating corrective actions.

7. Techniques of controlling:
a) Past oriented and future
oriented
b)Market control, bureaucratic
control and clan control
c)Old control and new control
techniques

8. 1. Personal Observation
2. Statistical Reports
3. Break – even analysis
4. Budgetary control
Traditional
techniques

9. 1. Return on Investment (ROI)
2. Management Audit
3. Management Information System(MIS)
4. Zero-based Budgeting (ZBB)
5. PERT (Programme Evaluation and
Review Technique)/CPM(Critical
Path Method)
6. Ratio Analysis
7. Responsibility Accounting
Modern
techniques

11. Essentials of an effective control system
• Suitable
• Timely and forward looking
• Objective and comprehensible
• Flexible
• Economical
• Prescriptive and operational
• Acceptable to organization members
• Reveal exceptions at strategic points
• Motivate people to high performance
• Should not lead to less attention to other aspects
• Should be periodically reviewed and evaluated

12. Importance of controlling:
 Accomplishing organizational goals
 Judging accuracy of standards
 Making efficient use of resources
 Improving employee motivation
 Ensuring order and discipline
 Facilitating coordination in action

13. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PLANNING AND CONTROLLING
 PLANNING identifies action and CONTROLLING ensures that those actions are
carries out properly.
 Poor control system is followed by failure of plans and effective control system
reinforces the present plans.
 Controlling helps the managers in either revising their plans or abandoning them
altogether.
 Framing plans presume the existence of a well designed control system and the
controlling function similarly presumes the existence of plans which are well
within the reach of the organization

14. COORDINATION

15. COORDINATION
- an orderly arrangement of group efforts to maintain harmony among individuals efforts
towards the accomplishment of common goals of an organization.
‘‘Coordination is to harmonize all the activities of persons in order to facilitates its
working and its success”
-Henry Fayol
Features:
 Continuous activity
 Dynamic process
 Integrates group efforts
 Responsibility of all managers
 Ensures unity of action
 A deliberate function

16. Principles:
Mary Parker Follet has suggested the following principles of
coordination:
 Principle of Early Start
 Principle of Direct Contact
 Principle of Reciprocal Relationship
 Principle of Continuity

17. BASIC COORDINATING
TECHNIQUES
1. Rules, Procedures
and Policies
2. Planning
3. Hierarchy
RULES, PROCEDURES AND POLICIES
Standard policies, procedures and rules are laid down to
cover all possible situations.
PLANNING
Planning ensures coordinated effort. Strategic planning
does the task of relating the organization to the
environment so as to reduce uncertainty and the need for
strict coordination.
Hierarchy
It is the oldest as well as simplest device for achieving
coordination. By putting interdependent units under one
boss, some coordination among their activities is
ensured.

18. Importance of Coordination:
 To harmonize conflicts
 Total accomplishments
 Emphasizes human relation
 Retention of good personnel
 Promotes stability, growth and prosperity of the organization
 Efficiency and economy
“COORDINATION IS THE VERY ESSENCE OF
MANAGEMENT !!!”

19. Thank YOU