Control involves setting standards, measuring performance against those standards, and taking corrective action when needed. It is an important managerial function that helps ensure goals are achieved as planned. Control can take various forms, including feedback control which looks at outputs after the fact, concurrent control which monitors activities as they occur, and feedforward control which regulates inputs upfront to prevent issues. The key aspects of any control system are setting measures, comparing to standards, analyzing deviations, and correcting as necessary.

1. CONTROL

2. Controlling is one of the managerial functions
like planning, organizing, staffing and directing. It is
an important function because it helps to check the
errors and to take the corrective action so that
deviation from standards are minimized and stated
goals of the organization are achieved in desired
manner.
According to modern concepts, control is a
foreseeing action whereas earlier concept of
control was used only when errors were detected.
Control in management means setting
standards, measuring actual performance and
taking corrective action

3. According to Henri Fayol,
Control of an undertaking consists of seeing that everything
is being carried out in accordance with the plan which has
been adopted, the orders which have been given, and the
principles which have been laid down. Its object is to point out
mistakes in order that they may be rectified and prevented
from recurring.
According to Stafford Beer,
Management is the profession of control.

4.  Without control there is no use for others functions of management.
 Control is any process that guides activity towards some pre
determined goals.
 The purpose of the control is to maximize the use of scarce
resources and to achieve purposeful behavior of organization
members.
 To find out deviations between planned performance and actual
performance.
 To suggest corrective actions wherever they are needed.
Basic requirements of good controlling system:

5.  Control is a continuous process
 Control is a management process
 Control is embedded in each level of
organizational hierarchy
 Control is forward looking
 Control is closely linked with planning
 Control is a tool for achieving
organizational activities

6.  the characteristic or condition to be
controlled,
 the sensor,
 the comparator ,
 the activator — occur in the same sequence
and maintain a consistent relationship to
each other in every system

7.  Setting performance standards.
 Measurement of actual performance.
 Comparing actual performance with
standards.
 Analyzing deviations.
 Correcting deviations.

8. “Planning is required at the very outset of management
whereas control is required at the last stages. If
planning is looking ahead, control is looking back.”
Control and planning are interrelated so closely that they cannot
be separated from each other. Without control all the planning
is fruitless because control consists of the steps taken to
ensure that the performance of the organization conforms to
the plans.
If planning is looking ahead, control is looking back. In
fact, control is the process of checking to determine whether
or not proper progress is being made towards the objectives
and goals set by management while doing planning.

9. Control theory is
a theory that deals with influencing the behavior of dynamical systems
an interdisciplinary subfield of science, which originated
in engineering and mathematics, and evolved into use by the social
sciences, likepsychology, sociology, criminology and in financial system.
Control systems can be thought of as having four functions;
Measure, Compare, Compute, and Correct. These four functions are
completed by five
elements; Detector, Transducer, Transmitter, Controller, and Final Control
Element. The measuring function is completed by the detector, transducer
and transmitter. In practical applications these three elements are typically
contained in one unit. A standard example is a Resistance thermometer.
The compare and computer functions are completed within the controller
which may be completed electronically through a Proportional Control, PI
Controller, PID Controller, Bistable, Hysteretic control or Programmable
logic controller. The correct function is completed with a final control
element. The final control element changes an input or output in the control
system which affect the manipulated or controlled variable.

10.  Feedback control.
 Concurrent control.
 Feedforword control.

11. Feedback control focuses on organizational
activities and operations after they are completed
.Here Control process starts after the completion
of the operations.
This type of control focuses on the outputs of the organization
after transformation is complete.
Sometimes called post action or output control , fulfils a
number of important functions. For one thing, it often is used
when feed forward and concurrent controls are not feasible or
are to costly.

12.  It provides the necessary information to the operating
manager to evaluate overall organ effectiveness.
 It is useful as a basis of evaluating and rewarding
employees.
 It alerts the operating managers who needs to adjust or
modify their activities
 It plays a vital roles in strategic level

13.  The major drawback of this type of control
is that, the time the manager has the
information and if there is significant
problem the damage is already done. But
for many activities, feedback control fulfils
a number important functions .

14.  Concurrent control takes place while an
activity is in progress.
 Control is applied while the operations are
in progress.
 Since concurrent control involves
regulating ongoing tasks, it requires a
through understanding of the specific
tasks involved and their relationship to the
desired and product.

15.  Concurrent control sometimes is called
screening or yes-no control , because it
often involves checkpoints at which
determinations are made about whether
to continue progress, take corrective
action, or stop work altogether on
products or services.
 Example :
Compaq computers has set of 34 check
points in its assembly line for successful

16.  This type of control is implemented before
an activity starts.
 It is future directed.
 It focuses on preventing anticipated
problems.
 It regulates the inputs to ensure that they
meet the standards necessary for
transformation process.