The document discusses different types of control statements in Java programming including selection statements (if/else, switch), iteration statements (for, while, do-while), and jump statements (break, continue, return). Examples are provided for each type of statement to illustrate their usage in loops and conditional execution. Selection statements allow a program to choose different paths of execution based on variable values or expressions. Iteration statements allow code to repeat execution. Jump statements allow skipping the rest of the current block and transferring control elsewhere.