Flow Charts Check Sheets Histograms Pareto Diagrams Cause-And-Effect Diagrams (Fish Bone) Scatter Diagrams Control Charts

1. Dr Joseph K.K. Ho
Major TQM Tools
Total Quality Management
for Organisational
Excellence

2. NAME OR LOGO 2
1. Flow Charts
2. Check Sheets
3. Histograms
4. Pareto Diagrams
5. Cause-And-Effect Diagrams (Fish Bone)
6. Scatter Diagrams
7. Control Charts
With correct implementation of the Seven TQM
Tools 95% of quality related problems can be
solved.
©2019DrJosephK.K.Ho
References:
Wikipedia | Seven basic tools of quality
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seven_basic_tools_of_quality
Vijayarangam, Jayakumar & Muniappan, A & Bharathiraja, G & Ragul, G & Sheriff F, Mohammed. (2017). IMPLEMENTATION OF
SEVEN TOOLS OF QUALITY IN EDUCATIONAL ARENA: A CASE STUDY.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/320491174_IMPLEMENTATION_OF_SEVEN_TOOLS_OF_QUALITY_IN_EDUCATIONAL_
ARENA_A_CASE_STUDY

3. NAME OR LOGO
Flow Charts
• a.k.a. process flowchart, process flow diagram
• a picture of the separate steps of a process in sequential order
• a common process analysis tool and one of the seven basic quality tools
• a generic tool that can be adapted for a wide variety of purposes: manufacturing, administrative or service processes, or project plans,
etc.
©2019DrJosephK.K.Ho
Reference:
ASQ.ORG | WHAT IS A PROCESS FLOW CHART?
https://asq.org/quality-resources/flowchart
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4. NAME OR LOGO
Check Sheets
• simple documents used for collecting data in real-time
• a blank form designed for the quick, easy and efficient recording of the desired information, either quantitative or qualitative
• when the information is quantitative, the check sheet is called a Tally Sheet
©2019DrJosephK.K.Ho
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Reference:
Six Sigma Daily | Check Sheets: Five Basic Types
https://www.sixsigmadaily.com/check-sheets-five-basic-types/

5. NAME OR LOGO
Histograms
• ​divide up the range of possible values in a data set into classes or groups
• For each group, a rectangle is constructed with a base length equal to the range of values in that specific group, and an area
proportional to the number of observations falling into that group
©2019DrJosephK.K.Ho
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Reference:
Yale University | Department of Statistics and Data Science | Statistic Topics | Histogram
http://www.stat.yale.edu/Courses/1997-98/101/hist.htm

6. NAME OR LOGO
Pareto Diagrams
• ​highlight the most important set of factors among a typically large amount of causes for a problem
• simple bar charts ranking related measures in decreasing order of occurrence
• graphically separating the aspects of a problem, a team will know where to direct its improvement efforts
©2019DrJosephK.K.Ho
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Reference:
PQSYSTEMS.COM | Pareto Diagram
https://www.pqsystems.com/qualityadvisor/DataAnalysisTools/pareto_diagram.php

7. NAME OR LOGO
Cause-And-Effect Diagrams (Fish Bone)
• ​a.k.a. Ishikawa Diagrams, Herringbone Diagrams, and Fishikawa Diagrams​
• a.k.a. 5M Diagram (Men, Machine, Materials, Measurements and methods)
• non-quantitative tools (Qualitative)
• discover the root cause of a problem
• uncover bottlenecks in processes
• identify where and why a process isn't working
©2019DrJosephK.K.Ho
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Reference:
MINDTOOLS.COM | Cause & Effect Diagrams, Fishbone & Ishikawa Diagrams
https://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newTMC_03.htm

8. NAME OR LOGO
Scatter Diagrams
• Graphical components of the regression analysis​
• Often used to point out relationship between variables. Statistical correlation analysis used to interpret scatter diagrams
©2019DrJosephK.K.Ho
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Reference:
ASQ.COM | WHAT IS A SCATTER DIAGRAM OR PLOT?
https://asq.org/quality-resources/scatter-diagram

9. NAME OR LOGO
Control Charts
• a.k.a. statistical process control
• study how a process changes over time
• have a central line for the average, an upper line for the upper control limit and a lower line for the lower control limit
• draw conclusions about whether the process variation is consistent (in control) or is unpredictable (out of control, affected by special
causes of variation)
©2019DrJosephK.K.Ho
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Reference:
ASQ.COM | CONTROL CHART
https://asq.org/quality-resources/control-chart

10. What’s more in
Total Quality Management for
Organisational Excellence?
• Critical Success Factors and Barriers of TQM
Implementation
©2019DrJosephK.K.Ho
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11. STAY TUNED
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