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The document discusses the shapes and appearances of Earth and the moon as seen from space. It notes that Earth appears mostly blue and green with visible continents and land masses, while the moon appears white and gray with craters sometimes visible on its surface. It also explains that the shape of the moon appears to change depending on the positions of Earth, the moon, and the sun, and that Earth has many layers down to its core.
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Trimester 1 science_review
1) The safest thing to do if something breaks in the science laboratory is to report it to the science teacher immediately.
2) Earth's layers formed as heavier and lighter elements separated as rocks melted.
3) There are 1,000 meters in a kilometer.
The Moon, Our Natural Satellite
The Moon, earth's natural satellite and its nearest companion brings much fascination and adoration to the humankind. This article provides some interesting facts and figures associated with the Moon.
The Moon
The Moon has fascinated mankind throughout history. Telescopic observations revealed its surface has many overlapping craters. It is less dense than Earth. Current knowledge of the Moon is greater than any other solar system object except Earth, lending to a better understanding of geologic processes.
The Moon orbits Earth every 27 days. It has no atmosphere, so temperatures vary greatly between day and night.
Some interesting facts about the Moon are that it formed from Earth, it always shows the same face to Earth, its gravity is only 17% of Earth's, and only 12 people have ever walked on its surface.
Solar system
The document provides 10 facts about the planets and sun:
1) The sun is a middle-aged star that formed over 4.5 billion years ago and will shine for at least another 5 billion years.
2) Mercury is the smallest and innermost planet, orbiting the sun once every 88 days.
3) Venus is similar in size to Earth and has a thick carbon dioxide atmosphere.
4) Earth is not perfectly round and has a slight bulge at the equator.
5) Mars has the largest canyon in the solar system and dust storms can cover the planet for months.
What is the moon?
The document discusses key facts about the Moon, including that it has orbited Earth for over 4 billion years, appears bright but has no light of its own, and its phases are caused by the changing shape of the illuminated portion we see from Earth. It also notes that the Moon's gravitational pull causes ocean tides on Earth and that the first men to walk on the Moon were Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin in 1969.
THE SEARCH FOR ANOTHER EARTH
Scientists have been searching for exoplanets, or planets outside our solar system, since the 19th century. The goal is to find a planet that could support life, with factors like liquid water, a suitable atmosphere, and distance from its star to allow temperatures that could support ecosystems. Over 3000 exoplanets have been detected so far using transit and radial velocity methods. As Earth's population and resources are strained, the long term goal is to find another planet that could potentially support human habitation if Earth becomes uninhabitable due to environmental damage or other disasters.
The moon and Indian space exploration
This presentation tells about moon and also about indian space exploration
Visit my channel https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCCRjFPXKaETjhbnR0Id0X7A
Chapter 11, section 1 notes
- The Earth is spherical rather than flat, as observed by Aristotle during lunar eclipses and by sailors seeing ship masts appear over the horizon.
- The Earth's rotation on its tilted axis causes day and night and generates a magnetic field from its molten core that protects the planet.
- The seasons are caused by variations in the amount of sunlight received in each hemisphere due to the tilt of the Earth's rotational axis relative to its orbit around the Sun.
Recommended
Trimester 1 science_review
1) The safest thing to do if something breaks in the science laboratory is to report it to the science teacher immediately.
2) Earth's layers formed as heavier and lighter elements separated as rocks melted.
3) There are 1,000 meters in a kilometer.
The Moon, Our Natural Satellite
The Moon, earth's natural satellite and its nearest companion brings much fascination and adoration to the humankind. This article provides some interesting facts and figures associated with the Moon.
The Moon
The Moon has fascinated mankind throughout history. Telescopic observations revealed its surface has many overlapping craters. It is less dense than Earth. Current knowledge of the Moon is greater than any other solar system object except Earth, lending to a better understanding of geologic processes.
The Moon orbits Earth every 27 days. It has no atmosphere, so temperatures vary greatly between day and night.
Some interesting facts about the Moon are that it formed from Earth, it always shows the same face to Earth, its gravity is only 17% of Earth's, and only 12 people have ever walked on its surface.
Solar system
The document provides 10 facts about the planets and sun:
1) The sun is a middle-aged star that formed over 4.5 billion years ago and will shine for at least another 5 billion years.
2) Mercury is the smallest and innermost planet, orbiting the sun once every 88 days.
3) Venus is similar in size to Earth and has a thick carbon dioxide atmosphere.
4) Earth is not perfectly round and has a slight bulge at the equator.
5) Mars has the largest canyon in the solar system and dust storms can cover the planet for months.
What is the moon?
The document discusses key facts about the Moon, including that it has orbited Earth for over 4 billion years, appears bright but has no light of its own, and its phases are caused by the changing shape of the illuminated portion we see from Earth. It also notes that the Moon's gravitational pull causes ocean tides on Earth and that the first men to walk on the Moon were Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin in 1969.
THE SEARCH FOR ANOTHER EARTH
Scientists have been searching for exoplanets, or planets outside our solar system, since the 19th century. The goal is to find a planet that could support life, with factors like liquid water, a suitable atmosphere, and distance from its star to allow temperatures that could support ecosystems. Over 3000 exoplanets have been detected so far using transit and radial velocity methods. As Earth's population and resources are strained, the long term goal is to find another planet that could potentially support human habitation if Earth becomes uninhabitable due to environmental damage or other disasters.
The moon and Indian space exploration
This presentation tells about moon and also about indian space exploration
Visit my channel https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCCRjFPXKaETjhbnR0Id0X7A
Chapter 11, section 1 notes
- The Earth is spherical rather than flat, as observed by Aristotle during lunar eclipses and by sailors seeing ship masts appear over the horizon.
- The Earth's rotation on its tilted axis causes day and night and generates a magnetic field from its molten core that protects the planet.
- The seasons are caused by variations in the amount of sunlight received in each hemisphere due to the tilt of the Earth's rotational axis relative to its orbit around the Sun.
The Solar System
The solar system consists of the Sun and eight planets that orbit it in the same direction and plane. The planets are Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune. The solar system also contains moons, asteroids, comets and other small bodies. Earth stands out as the only planet known to support life, due to the presence of liquid water on its surface and an atmosphere that enables a stable temperature through the greenhouse effect. The Moon is Earth's only natural satellite and influences tides on Earth through their gravitational interaction.
The planets
Mercury has many craters and cliffs from meteor impacts. It has extremes in temperature from 150°C to -180°C due to its proximity to the Sun and lack of atmosphere. Venus has a dense carbon dioxide atmosphere that causes intense greenhouse effect, making it the hottest planet with surface temperatures over 400°C. Mars has a thin atmosphere composed mostly of carbon dioxide, seasonal changes in color, and polar ice caps that grow and shrink with the seasons.
Jeopardytemplate 8th chapter 11
The document provides information about the Earth and Moon, including their shapes, lunar phases, Apollo missions, and other space exploration topics. It contains definitions, matching questions and answers about the Earth and Moon that could be used for a quiz or game. Clicking on links would allow the user to begin exploring or playing.
Sect 9.3
The first lunar surveys were conducted by Soviet Luna probes and American Ranger and Lunar Orbiter spacecraft in the 1960s. The Lunar Orbiter Clementine mapped the lunar surface and found that the lunar crust is thinner on the near side of the moon than the far side. The Lunar Prospector mission discovered that the Moon has a small iron rich core and detected ice water in craters at the lunar poles, estimating up to 3 billion metric tons of water ice may be present.
Geography (earth facts)
This slide (from www.correcteducate.blogspt.com) shows how interesting the geography of earth, go for the knowledge and don't forget to visit the website for more.
Jeopardytemplate 8th chapter 11
The document is a quiz about Earth and the Moon. It provides categories and questions to choose from to test knowledge about the shape of the Earth, lunar phenomena like waxing and waning, lunar and Apollo missions, and other facts about the Earth-Moon system. The player clicks to begin and chooses categories to reveal multiple choice questions to answer.
Chapter 11 notes moon
The document outlines the major United States and Soviet Union space missions related to exploring and landing on the moon between 1958-1998. It describes the Mercury, Gemini, and Apollo programs which progressed from single-astronaut orbital missions to the first lunar landing in 1969. Subsequent Apollo missions conducted lunar surface experiments and exploration. Unmanned probes such as Luna, Ranger, Surveyor, Lunar Orbiters, Clementine, and Lunar Prospector helped map and study the moon in preparation for human missions.
Top 20 fun facts of stars
There are at least 10 billion trillion stars in the universe. Stars are formed from dense knots of dust and gas called nebulae, with some nebulae containing enough matter to produce over 10,000 stars. When looking at the night sky with the naked eye, every visible star is part of the Milky Way Galaxy, which contains stars that are on average around 13.6 billion years old.
The solar system
This document lists the planets in our solar system, along with some additional information about the sun, moon, and Neil Armstrong being the first person to walk on the moon. It also briefly mentions rockets being used to travel to space and that Jupiter is the largest planet.
Science 5
This document contains a 20 question science exam about the solar system for 5th grade students. The exam covers topics like the sun and its features, planets and their orbits, distances between celestial bodies, tides, and how solar energy is used by plants. Students are asked multiple choice questions to test their knowledge on these concepts and must choose the correct answer from the options provided.
Billy - The Moon
The document discusses various facts about the moon, including that Romans called it Luna and Greeks called it Selene and Artemis, the Soviet Union was the first to visit it in 1959, it has no atmosphere but ice exists on the North Pole, and most rocks on its surface are estimated to be 4.6 billion years old.
Chapter 23 section 2 notes (the moon earth's satellite)
The Moon rotates on its axis in about 27 days and revolves around Earth in the same period of time. This causes the same side of the Moon to always face Earth. The changing illumination of the Moon as seen from Earth results in the lunar phases like new moon, first quarter, full moon, and last quarter. Eclipses occur when the Moon passes through Earth's shadow (lunar eclipse) or Earth passes through the Moon's shadow (solar eclipse). The Moon has many impact craters and dark basaltic plains called maria formed by ancient lava flows.
The Moon
The moon has rocks and soil but no air or living things. Craters, or holes in the ground, cover the moon's surface and were formed when space rocks crashed into it long ago. While the moon does not actually change shape, its illuminated portion varies over the month in phases from new to full as its position relative to the Earth and sun changes.
Chapter 23 section 3 notes (exploring earth's moon)
The document summarizes missions that have explored Earth's moon, including early Soviet and American spacecraft in the 1950s-60s, the Apollo 11 mission that landed astronauts in 1969, and more recent unmanned missions like Clementine in 1994 and Lunar Prospector in 1998. Clementine mapped the moon's surface and composition, identifying the largest impact basin. Lunar Prospector found evidence that supported the impact theory of the moon's origin and discovered ice in deep polar craters.
Chapter 23 (Section 1 Earth)
1. The document discusses properties of Earth including its shape, rotation, magnetic field, and characteristics like having liquid water and supporting life.
2. It describes Earth's revolution around the sun in an elliptical orbit and explains how its tilted axis and changing distance from the sun cause the seasons.
3. Key seasonal events are discussed like solstices when the sun is furthest from the equator causing longest days/nights and equinoxes when daylight and nighttime are equal.
Chapter 23 section 2 notes (the moon earth's satellite)
Chapter 23: Sun-Moon-Earth System
Section 2: The Moon-Earth's Satellite
Unit 7: Astronomy
Minersville Area Jr/Sr High School
Grade 8
Unit 2 part 1
The document discusses the three main layers of the Earth - the atmosphere, hydrosphere, and geosphere. The atmosphere is the layer of air that protects the planet and maintains its temperature. The hydrosphere is the layer of water, which exists in three states: solid, liquid, and gas. The geosphere is the innermost layer consisting of rocks.
Worksheet Science component of earth
This document provides an overview of the key concepts and resources covered in a unit on planet Earth. The unit examines the Earth's position in the solar system, its rotation and revolution, representations of the Earth through maps and models, and the conditions required to support life. Students will learn to interpret maps, understand time zones, and reflect on how technology has changed perceptions of the planet. The unit resources include reinforcement materials, assessments, and audio tracks to support learning about the Earth's movements and geography.
Chapter 2 Earth As Planet
The document discusses the phases of the moon. It explains that the moon does not produce its own light, but rather reflects light from the sun. As the moon orbits Earth, different portions are illuminated by the sun, appearing to change shape from our perspective on Earth. This cycle, where the illuminated portion appears to grow and then shrink over the course of around 29.5 days, is what causes the phases of the moon. The document then defines and provides images for each of the 8 main phases: new moon, waxing crescent, first quarter, waxing gibbous, full moon, waning gibbous, last quarter, and waning crescent.
Stanley weinberg the flat-eart round earth controversy
This document discusses the debate between whether the Earth is flat or round. It provides evidence that has been used to support both the flat Earth concept and the round Earth concept over time. Some key evidence that supports the round Earth view includes: bodies in the sky are only visible from certain locations, the sun appears at different angles from different longitudes, expeditions have located the South Pole, and photographs from space clearly show the Earth's curved surface. The document analyzes both theories in an unbiased manner and notes that only by examining all available evidence can we make an informed determination.
The planet earth
Earth is a planet that formed around 4.6 billion years ago from a cloud of gas and dust. It is the only planet known to support life. Earth is spherical in shape but slightly oblate, meaning it bulges at the equator. It rotates on its axis once every 24 hours and revolves around the sun once every 365 days. Earth has four major interior layers - crust, mantle, outer core, and inner core. NASA studies Earth using satellites to monitor changes to its land, oceans, atmosphere, and climate in order to better understand and predict environmental changes.
Objects in space
Comets are balls of frozen water, dust and gases that develop distinctive tails when heated by the Sun. They have four parts: the solid nucleus at the center, surrounded by a coma of gas and dust, with two tails - one of dust and one made of ionized gases. Asteroids are smaller rocky objects that orbit the Sun, many located in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. Large asteroids and comets have struck Earth in the past, including one hypothesized to have caused the extinction of the dinosaurs. Meteoroids are space rocks that burn up as meteors in Earth's atmosphere, with larger ones surviving to impact as meteorites. Moons orbit planets and range widely in size, composition and volcanic activity
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What's hot
The Solar System
The solar system consists of the Sun and eight planets that orbit it in the same direction and plane. The planets are Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune. The solar system also contains moons, asteroids, comets and other small bodies. Earth stands out as the only planet known to support life, due to the presence of liquid water on its surface and an atmosphere that enables a stable temperature through the greenhouse effect. The Moon is Earth's only natural satellite and influences tides on Earth through their gravitational interaction.
The planets
Mercury has many craters and cliffs from meteor impacts. It has extremes in temperature from 150°C to -180°C due to its proximity to the Sun and lack of atmosphere. Venus has a dense carbon dioxide atmosphere that causes intense greenhouse effect, making it the hottest planet with surface temperatures over 400°C. Mars has a thin atmosphere composed mostly of carbon dioxide, seasonal changes in color, and polar ice caps that grow and shrink with the seasons.
Jeopardytemplate 8th chapter 11
The document provides information about the Earth and Moon, including their shapes, lunar phases, Apollo missions, and other space exploration topics. It contains definitions, matching questions and answers about the Earth and Moon that could be used for a quiz or game. Clicking on links would allow the user to begin exploring or playing.
Sect 9.3
The first lunar surveys were conducted by Soviet Luna probes and American Ranger and Lunar Orbiter spacecraft in the 1960s. The Lunar Orbiter Clementine mapped the lunar surface and found that the lunar crust is thinner on the near side of the moon than the far side. The Lunar Prospector mission discovered that the Moon has a small iron rich core and detected ice water in craters at the lunar poles, estimating up to 3 billion metric tons of water ice may be present.
Geography (earth facts)
This slide (from www.correcteducate.blogspt.com) shows how interesting the geography of earth, go for the knowledge and don't forget to visit the website for more.
Jeopardytemplate 8th chapter 11
The document is a quiz about Earth and the Moon. It provides categories and questions to choose from to test knowledge about the shape of the Earth, lunar phenomena like waxing and waning, lunar and Apollo missions, and other facts about the Earth-Moon system. The player clicks to begin and chooses categories to reveal multiple choice questions to answer.
Chapter 11 notes moon
The document outlines the major United States and Soviet Union space missions related to exploring and landing on the moon between 1958-1998. It describes the Mercury, Gemini, and Apollo programs which progressed from single-astronaut orbital missions to the first lunar landing in 1969. Subsequent Apollo missions conducted lunar surface experiments and exploration. Unmanned probes such as Luna, Ranger, Surveyor, Lunar Orbiters, Clementine, and Lunar Prospector helped map and study the moon in preparation for human missions.
Top 20 fun facts of stars
There are at least 10 billion trillion stars in the universe. Stars are formed from dense knots of dust and gas called nebulae, with some nebulae containing enough matter to produce over 10,000 stars. When looking at the night sky with the naked eye, every visible star is part of the Milky Way Galaxy, which contains stars that are on average around 13.6 billion years old.
The solar system
This document lists the planets in our solar system, along with some additional information about the sun, moon, and Neil Armstrong being the first person to walk on the moon. It also briefly mentions rockets being used to travel to space and that Jupiter is the largest planet.
Science 5
This document contains a 20 question science exam about the solar system for 5th grade students. The exam covers topics like the sun and its features, planets and their orbits, distances between celestial bodies, tides, and how solar energy is used by plants. Students are asked multiple choice questions to test their knowledge on these concepts and must choose the correct answer from the options provided.
Billy - The Moon
The document discusses various facts about the moon, including that Romans called it Luna and Greeks called it Selene and Artemis, the Soviet Union was the first to visit it in 1959, it has no atmosphere but ice exists on the North Pole, and most rocks on its surface are estimated to be 4.6 billion years old.
Chapter 23 section 2 notes (the moon earth's satellite)
The Moon rotates on its axis in about 27 days and revolves around Earth in the same period of time. This causes the same side of the Moon to always face Earth. The changing illumination of the Moon as seen from Earth results in the lunar phases like new moon, first quarter, full moon, and last quarter. Eclipses occur when the Moon passes through Earth's shadow (lunar eclipse) or Earth passes through the Moon's shadow (solar eclipse). The Moon has many impact craters and dark basaltic plains called maria formed by ancient lava flows.
The Moon
The moon has rocks and soil but no air or living things. Craters, or holes in the ground, cover the moon's surface and were formed when space rocks crashed into it long ago. While the moon does not actually change shape, its illuminated portion varies over the month in phases from new to full as its position relative to the Earth and sun changes.
Chapter 23 section 3 notes (exploring earth's moon)
The document summarizes missions that have explored Earth's moon, including early Soviet and American spacecraft in the 1950s-60s, the Apollo 11 mission that landed astronauts in 1969, and more recent unmanned missions like Clementine in 1994 and Lunar Prospector in 1998. Clementine mapped the moon's surface and composition, identifying the largest impact basin. Lunar Prospector found evidence that supported the impact theory of the moon's origin and discovered ice in deep polar craters.
Chapter 23 (Section 1 Earth)
1. The document discusses properties of Earth including its shape, rotation, magnetic field, and characteristics like having liquid water and supporting life.
2. It describes Earth's revolution around the sun in an elliptical orbit and explains how its tilted axis and changing distance from the sun cause the seasons.
3. Key seasonal events are discussed like solstices when the sun is furthest from the equator causing longest days/nights and equinoxes when daylight and nighttime are equal.
Chapter 23 section 2 notes (the moon earth's satellite)
Chapter 23: Sun-Moon-Earth System
Section 2: The Moon-Earth's Satellite
Unit 7: Astronomy
Minersville Area Jr/Sr High School
Grade 8
Unit 2 part 1
The document discusses the three main layers of the Earth - the atmosphere, hydrosphere, and geosphere. The atmosphere is the layer of air that protects the planet and maintains its temperature. The hydrosphere is the layer of water, which exists in three states: solid, liquid, and gas. The geosphere is the innermost layer consisting of rocks.
Worksheet Science component of earth
This document provides an overview of the key concepts and resources covered in a unit on planet Earth. The unit examines the Earth's position in the solar system, its rotation and revolution, representations of the Earth through maps and models, and the conditions required to support life. Students will learn to interpret maps, understand time zones, and reflect on how technology has changed perceptions of the planet. The unit resources include reinforcement materials, assessments, and audio tracks to support learning about the Earth's movements and geography.
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Chapter 23 section 2 notes (the moon earth's satellite)
Chapter 23 section 2 notes (the moon earth's satellite)
Chapter 23 section 3 notes (exploring earth's moon)
Chapter 23 section 3 notes (exploring earth's moon)
Chapter 23 section 2 notes (the moon earth's satellite)
Chapter 23 section 2 notes (the moon earth's satellite)
Similar to Content video project
Chapter 2 Earth As Planet
The document discusses the phases of the moon. It explains that the moon does not produce its own light, but rather reflects light from the sun. As the moon orbits Earth, different portions are illuminated by the sun, appearing to change shape from our perspective on Earth. This cycle, where the illuminated portion appears to grow and then shrink over the course of around 29.5 days, is what causes the phases of the moon. The document then defines and provides images for each of the 8 main phases: new moon, waxing crescent, first quarter, waxing gibbous, full moon, waning gibbous, last quarter, and waning crescent.
Stanley weinberg the flat-eart round earth controversy
This document discusses the debate between whether the Earth is flat or round. It provides evidence that has been used to support both the flat Earth concept and the round Earth concept over time. Some key evidence that supports the round Earth view includes: bodies in the sky are only visible from certain locations, the sun appears at different angles from different longitudes, expeditions have located the South Pole, and photographs from space clearly show the Earth's curved surface. The document analyzes both theories in an unbiased manner and notes that only by examining all available evidence can we make an informed determination.
The planet earth
Earth is a planet that formed around 4.6 billion years ago from a cloud of gas and dust. It is the only planet known to support life. Earth is spherical in shape but slightly oblate, meaning it bulges at the equator. It rotates on its axis once every 24 hours and revolves around the sun once every 365 days. Earth has four major interior layers - crust, mantle, outer core, and inner core. NASA studies Earth using satellites to monitor changes to its land, oceans, atmosphere, and climate in order to better understand and predict environmental changes.
Objects in space
Comets are balls of frozen water, dust and gases that develop distinctive tails when heated by the Sun. They have four parts: the solid nucleus at the center, surrounded by a coma of gas and dust, with two tails - one of dust and one made of ionized gases. Asteroids are smaller rocky objects that orbit the Sun, many located in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. Large asteroids and comets have struck Earth in the past, including one hypothesized to have caused the extinction of the dinosaurs. Meteoroids are space rocks that burn up as meteors in Earth's atmosphere, with larger ones surviving to impact as meteorites. Moons orbit planets and range widely in size, composition and volcanic activity
Objects in space
Comets are balls of frozen water, dust and gases that develop distinctive tails when heated by the Sun. They have four parts: the solid nucleus at the center, surrounded by a coma of gas and dust, with two tails - one of dust and one made of ionized gases. Asteroids are smaller rocky objects that orbit the Sun, many located in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. Large asteroids and comets have struck Earth in the past, including one hypothesized to have caused the extinction of the dinosaurs. Meteoroids are space rocks that burn up as meteors in Earth's atmosphere, with larger ones surviving to impact as meteorites. Moons orbit planets and range greatly in size, composition and features such
stars.pptx
The document provides information about stars and constellations, including defining what a star is, explaining the brightness and temperature of stars, and how stars are grouped into constellations. Key details covered include the two characteristics that define brightness, the relationship between surface temperature and color, different sizes and masses of stars, and how stars are born from nebulae. The document aims to teach readers about various properties and life cycles of stars.
earth_presentation.pptx
This document provides an overview of the Earth and the Universe, covering several topics:
1. It discusses historical models of the Universe like the geocentric and heliocentric models.
2. It describes the origins of the Universe according to the Big Bang theory where all matter was once concentrated in a single point before exploding outward.
3. Key aspects of the Solar System are explained like the structure of the Sun and how the planets revolve and rotate in different motions.
Origin and structure
The document discusses the four major subsystems that make up the Earth system:
1) Geosphere - The solid portion of the Earth including the crust and lithosphere. The crust is the outermost solid layer and is composed of rocks and minerals.
2) Hydrosphere - The water on Earth, including oceans, seas, rivers, lakes, ice caps, groundwater and atmospheric water vapor.
3) Atmosphere - The envelope of air surrounding the Earth held in place by gravity.
4) Biosphere - The parts of the Earth system inhabited by life, from bacteria in the soil to trees in the forest. Together these subsystems interact as a single complex, self-regulating system known
Our Solar System
The document summarizes key concepts about the sun and Earth's formation. It describes how the sun generates energy through nuclear fusion in its core, and how this energy reaches the surface in about 8 minutes. It also explains how Earth formed from the accretion of planetesimals, and how its core, mantle and crust layers developed as denser materials sank to the center. The oceans formed from early rainfall, and continents gradually emerged and shifted positions over billions of years.
Moon Gn
The Moon formed about 4.45 billion years ago from debris ejected when a large object collided with Earth. It has since been shaped primarily by relentless bombardment from impacts. Exploration of the Moon began with telescopic observations in the 1600s and recent robotic missions have revealed much about its geology and origins, but many questions remain unanswered, motivating continued exploration including future human missions.
Science4FYCCh2
The document discusses several topics related to geology and astronomy. It introduces geology as the study of Earth's structure, founded by Niels Stenson. It then describes features of the moon such as its lack of atmosphere and varying temperatures. The document explains the phases of the moon and eclipses involving the moon and sun. It also discusses different types of telescopes and highlights achievements in space exploration such as satellites, the first American to orbit Earth, and the first moon landing.
Sect 9.1
The document summarizes key concepts about the Earth's relationship to the sun and moon from a 6th grade science textbook. It discusses how ancient Greeks like Aristotle were able to determine the Earth was spherical by observing shadows on the moon. It also explains the Earth's axis of rotation, its tilted axis causing seasons, and defines solstices and equinoxes as the days when the sun is furthest or directly overhead at the equator.
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- The document discusses key features of Earth and the Moon, including their formation and interactions.
- It describes how plate tectonics leads to geological activity at plate boundaries like earthquakes and volcanoes.
- It also explains how tidal forces from the Moon cause Earth's ocean tides and how the Moon synchronously rotates to always show the same face to Earth due to tidal locking during its formation.
Ncert universe
The document provides information about celestial bodies like stars, constellations, and planets in our solar system. It discusses how ancient people used constellations like Ursa Major to determine directions. It describes the nine planets in our solar system, with Mercury being the closest to the sun and Pluto being the farthest, along with other objects like asteroids and meteoroids. The sun and these celestial bodies form our solar system. It also briefly mentions Neil Armstrong being the first person to walk on the moon.
Ch 2
1. The document describes the structure of the universe from the largest scale of billions of galaxies down to Earth's place in the Milky Way galaxy and solar system. It discusses the internal structure of Earth and how the continental drift theory explains the movement of crustal plates over time.
2. Key points covered include that Earth is able to support life because it receives the right amount of heat and light from the Sun, has water, and an atmosphere that regulates temperature. The continental drift theory proposes that Earth's crust is broken into plates that were once joined together in a supercontinent called Pangea before drifting apart.
3. Threats to Earth's fragile environment from human activity like pollution and overuse of resources
Earth and-earthquakes
The document provides an overview of Earth, its atmosphere, and its place in the solar system. It describes Earth's composition, unique characteristics that support life, and ongoing geological changes. It discusses Earth's orbit and rotation, seasons, and atmospheric layers. Recent space exploration has increased understanding of Earth and how it compares to other planets and moons in the solar system.
What we know about space power point by jx51
Early societies studied the sky and began to develop theories about the connections between celestial objects like the sun, moon, and stars. Over time, astronomers realized the earth revolves around the sun rather than vice versa. Major figures like Copernicus, Galileo, Kepler, and Newton advanced our understanding of the solar system and universe. In recent centuries, increasingly powerful telescopes allowed for new discoveries, and space exploration through rovers and manned missions has revealed more about places like Mars and the moon. However, there is still much about space we have yet to understand.
Roff andy examples and explanations for a flat earth
This document presents arguments for a flat Earth model over the widely accepted spherical Earth model. It claims that common observations like ships disappearing over the horizon can be explained by refraction rather than curvature. It suggests the sun and moon are nearer and circular objects that follow circular paths, explaining seasons and moon phases. It argues the spinning, tilted Earth model is implausible and contradicts experiences of standing structures and air travel. Long exposure star photos are said to show the sky moves rather than Earth rotating. NASA photos of Earth are questioned as possible fabrications like fictional movie planet images. The flat Earth model is presented as a more rational explanation than the spherical model taught in schools.
Earth
The Earth undergoes three main motions: revolution, rotation, and axial precession. The Earth revolves around the Sun in an elliptical orbit, completing one revolution in approximately 365 days. It rotates on its tilted axis once every 24 hours, causing the alternation of day and night. The Earth's axis of rotation also wobbles slowly over a 26,000 year period.
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Microbial interaction may be positive such as mutualism, proto-cooperation, commensalism or may be negative such as parasitism, predation or competition
Types of microbial interaction
Positive interaction: mutualism, proto-cooperation, commensalism
Negative interaction: Ammensalism (antagonism), parasitism, predation, competition
I. Mutualism:
It is defined as the relationship in which each organism in interaction gets benefits from association. It is an obligatory relationship in which mutualist and host are metabolically dependent on each other.
Mutualistic relationship is very specific where one member of association cannot be replaced by another species.
Mutualism require close physical contact between interacting organisms.
Relationship of mutualism allows organisms to exist in habitat that could not occupied by either species alone.
Mutualistic relationship between organisms allows them to act as a single organism.
Examples of mutualism:
i. Lichens:
Lichens are excellent example of mutualism.
They are the association of specific fungi and certain genus of algae. In lichen, fungal partner is called mycobiont and algal partner is called
II. Syntrophism:
It is an association in which the growth of one organism either depends on or improved by the substrate provided by another organism.
In syntrophism both organism in association gets benefits.
Compound A
Utilized by population 1
Compound B
Utilized by population 2
Compound C
utilized by both Population 1+2
Products
In this theoretical example of syntrophism, population 1 is able to utilize and metabolize compound A, forming compound B but cannot metabolize beyond compound B without co-operation of population 2. Population 2is unable to utilize compound A but it can metabolize compound B forming compound C. Then both population 1 and 2 are able to carry out metabolic reaction which leads to formation of end product that neither population could produce alone.
Examples of syntrophism:
i. Methanogenic ecosystem in sludge digester
Methane produced by methanogenic bacteria depends upon interspecies hydrogen transfer by other fermentative bacteria.
Anaerobic fermentative bacteria generate CO2 and H2 utilizing carbohydrates which is then utilized by methanogenic bacteria (Methanobacter) to produce methane.
ii. Lactobacillus arobinosus and Enterococcus faecalis:
In the minimal media, Lactobacillus arobinosus and Enterococcus faecalis are able to grow together but not alone.
The synergistic relationship between E. faecalis and L. arobinosus occurs in which E. faecalis require folic acid
Pests of Storage_Identification_Dr.UPR.pdf
InIndia-post-harvestlosses-unscientificstorage,insects,rodents,micro-organismsetc.,accountforabout10percentoftotalfoodgrains
Graininfestation
Directdamage
Indirectly
•theexuviae,skin,deadinsects
•theirexcretawhichmakefoodunfitforhumanconsumption
About600speciesofinsectshavebeenassociatedwithstoredgrainproducts
100speciesofinsectpestsofstoredproductscauseeconomiclosses
Candidate young stellar objects in the S-cluster: Kinematic analysis of a sub...
Context. The observation of several L-band emission sources in the S cluster has led to a rich discussion of their nature. However, a definitive answer to the classification of the dusty objects requires an explanation for the detection of compact Doppler-shifted Brγ emission. The ionized hydrogen in combination with the observation of mid-infrared L-band continuum emission suggests that most of these sources are embedded in a dusty envelope. These embedded sources are part of the S-cluster, and their relationship to the S-stars is still under debate. To date, the question of the origin of these two populations has been vague, although all explanations favor migration processes for the individual cluster members. Aims. This work revisits the S-cluster and its dusty members orbiting the supermassive black hole SgrA* on bound Keplerian orbits from a kinematic perspective. The aim is to explore the Keplerian parameters for patterns that might imply a nonrandom distribution of the sample. Additionally, various analytical aspects are considered to address the nature of the dusty sources. Methods. Based on the photometric analysis, we estimated the individual H−K and K−L colors for the source sample and compared the results to known cluster members. The classification revealed a noticeable contrast between the S-stars and the dusty sources. To fit the flux-density distribution, we utilized the radiative transfer code HYPERION and implemented a young stellar object Class I model. We obtained the position angle from the Keplerian fit results; additionally, we analyzed the distribution of the inclinations and the longitudes of the ascending node. Results. The colors of the dusty sources suggest a stellar nature consistent with the spectral energy distribution in the near and midinfrared domains. Furthermore, the evaporation timescales of dusty and gaseous clumps in the vicinity of SgrA* are much shorter ( 2yr) than the epochs covered by the observations (≈15yr). In addition to the strong evidence for the stellar classification of the D-sources, we also find a clear disk-like pattern following the arrangements of S-stars proposed in the literature. Furthermore, we find a global intrinsic inclination for all dusty sources of 60 ± 20◦, implying a common formation process. Conclusions. The pattern of the dusty sources manifested in the distribution of the position angles, inclinations, and longitudes of the ascending node strongly suggests two different scenarios: the main-sequence stars and the dusty stellar S-cluster sources share a common formation history or migrated with a similar formation channel in the vicinity of SgrA*. Alternatively, the gravitational influence of SgrA* in combination with a massive perturber, such as a putative intermediate mass black hole in the IRS 13 cluster, forces the dusty objects and S-stars to follow a particular orbital arrangement. Key words. stars: black holes– stars: formation– Galaxy: center– galaxies: star formation
Immersive Learning That Works: Research Grounding and Paths Forward
We will metaverse into the essence of immersive learning, into its three dimensions and conceptual models. This approach encompasses elements from teaching methodologies to social involvement, through organizational concerns and technologies. Challenging the perception of learning as knowledge transfer, we introduce a 'Uses, Practices & Strategies' model operationalized by the 'Immersive Learning Brain' and ‘Immersion Cube’ frameworks. This approach offers a comprehensive guide through the intricacies of immersive educational experiences and spotlighting research frontiers, along the immersion dimensions of system, narrative, and agency. Our discourse extends to stakeholders beyond the academic sphere, addressing the interests of technologists, instructional designers, and policymakers. We span various contexts, from formal education to organizational transformation to the new horizon of an AI-pervasive society. This keynote aims to unite the iLRN community in a collaborative journey towards a future where immersive learning research and practice coalesce, paving the way for innovative educational research and practice landscapes.
SDSS1335+0728: The awakening of a ∼ 106M⊙ black hole⋆
Context. The early-type galaxy SDSS J133519.91+072807.4 (hereafter SDSS1335+0728), which had exhibited no prior optical variations during the preceding two decades, began showing significant nuclear variability in the Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF) alert stream from December 2019 (as ZTF19acnskyy). This variability behaviour, coupled with the host-galaxy properties, suggests that SDSS1335+0728 hosts a ∼ 106M⊙ black hole (BH) that is currently in the process of ‘turning on’. Aims. We present a multi-wavelength photometric analysis and spectroscopic follow-up performed with the aim of better understanding the origin of the nuclear variations detected in SDSS1335+0728. Methods. We used archival photometry (from WISE, 2MASS, SDSS, GALEX, eROSITA) and spectroscopic data (from SDSS and LAMOST) to study the state of SDSS1335+0728 prior to December 2019, and new observations from Swift, SOAR/Goodman, VLT/X-shooter, and Keck/LRIS taken after its turn-on to characterise its current state. We analysed the variability of SDSS1335+0728 in the X-ray/UV/optical/mid-infrared range, modelled its spectral energy distribution prior to and after December 2019, and studied the evolution of its UV/optical spectra. Results. From our multi-wavelength photometric analysis, we find that: (a) since 2021, the UV flux (from Swift/UVOT observations) is four times brighter than the flux reported by GALEX in 2004; (b) since June 2022, the mid-infrared flux has risen more than two times, and the W1−W2 WISE colour has become redder; and (c) since February 2024, the source has begun showing X-ray emission. From our spectroscopic follow-up, we see that (i) the narrow emission line ratios are now consistent with a more energetic ionising continuum; (ii) broad emission lines are not detected; and (iii) the [OIII] line increased its flux ∼ 3.6 years after the first ZTF alert, which implies a relatively compact narrow-line-emitting region. Conclusions. We conclude that the variations observed in SDSS1335+0728 could be either explained by a ∼ 106M⊙ AGN that is just turning on or by an exotic tidal disruption event (TDE). If the former is true, SDSS1335+0728 is one of the strongest cases of an AGNobserved in the process of activating. If the latter were found to be the case, it would correspond to the longest and faintest TDE ever observed (or another class of still unknown nuclear transient). Future observations of SDSS1335+0728 are crucial to further understand its behaviour. Key words. galaxies: active– accretion, accretion discs– galaxies: individual: SDSS J133519.91+072807.4
BIRDS DIVERSITY OF SOOTEA BISWANATH ASSAM.ppt.pptx
Ahota Beel, nestled in Sootea Biswanath Assam , is celebrated for its extraordinary diversity of bird species. This wetland sanctuary supports a myriad of avian residents and migrants alike. Visitors can admire the elegant flights of migratory species such as the Northern Pintail and Eurasian Wigeon, alongside resident birds including the Asian Openbill and Pheasant-tailed Jacana. With its tranquil scenery and varied habitats, Ahota Beel offers a perfect haven for birdwatchers to appreciate and study the vibrant birdlife that thrives in this natural refuge.
Sustainable Land Management - Climate Smart Agriculture
Sustainable Land Management - Climate Smart AgricultureInternational Food Policy Research Institute- South Asia Office
PPT on Sustainable Land Management presented at the three-day 'Training and Validation Workshop on Modules of Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) Technologies in South Asia' workshop on April 22, 2024.
HUMAN EYE By-R.M Class 10 phy best digital notes.pdf
Class 10 human eye notes physics
Handwritten best quality
Discovery of An Apparent Red, High-Velocity Type Ia Supernova at 𝐳 = 2.9 wi...
We present the JWST discovery of SN 2023adsy, a transient object located in a host galaxy JADES-GS
+
53.13485
−
27.82088
with a host spectroscopic redshift of
2.903
±
0.007
. The transient was identified in deep James Webb Space Telescope (JWST)/NIRCam imaging from the JWST Advanced Deep Extragalactic Survey (JADES) program. Photometric and spectroscopic followup with NIRCam and NIRSpec, respectively, confirm the redshift and yield UV-NIR light-curve, NIR color, and spectroscopic information all consistent with a Type Ia classification. Despite its classification as a likely SN Ia, SN 2023adsy is both fairly red (
�
(
�
−
�
)
∼
0.9
) despite a host galaxy with low-extinction and has a high Ca II velocity (
19
,
000
±
2
,
000
km/s) compared to the general population of SNe Ia. While these characteristics are consistent with some Ca-rich SNe Ia, particularly SN 2016hnk, SN 2023adsy is intrinsically brighter than the low-
�
Ca-rich population. Although such an object is too red for any low-
�
cosmological sample, we apply a fiducial standardization approach to SN 2023adsy and find that the SN 2023adsy luminosity distance measurement is in excellent agreement (
≲
1
�
) with
Λ
CDM. Therefore unlike low-
�
Ca-rich SNe Ia, SN 2023adsy is standardizable and gives no indication that SN Ia standardized luminosities change significantly with redshift. A larger sample of distant SNe Ia is required to determine if SN Ia population characteristics at high-
�
truly diverge from their low-
�
counterparts, and to confirm that standardized luminosities nevertheless remain constant with redshift.
快速办理(UAM毕业证书)马德里自治大学毕业证学位证一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(UAM毕业证书)马德里自治大学毕业证学位证》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
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◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
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2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
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6:个人职称评审加20分
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8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
The cost of acquiring information by natural selection
This is a short talk that I gave at the Banff International Research Station workshop on Modeling and Theory in Population Biology. The idea is to try to understand how the burden of natural selection relates to the amount of information that selection puts into the genome.
It's based on the first part of this research paper:
The cost of information acquisition by natural selection
Ryan Seamus McGee, Olivia Kosterlitz, Artem Kaznatcheev, Benjamin Kerr, Carl T. Bergstrom
bioRxiv 2022.07.02.498577; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.07.02.498577
Methods of grain storage Structures in India.pdf
•Post-harvestlossesaccountforabout10%oftotalfoodgrainsduetounscientificstorage,insects,rodents,micro-organismsetc.,
•Totalfoodgrainproductioninindiais311milliontonnesandstorageis145mt.InIndia,annualstoragelosseshavebeenestimated14mtworthofRs.7,000croreinwhichinsectsaloneaccountfornearlyRs.1,300crores.
•InIndiaoutofthetotalproduction,about30%ismarketablesurplus
•Remaining70%isretainedandstoredbyfarmersforconsumption,seed,feed.Hence,growerneedstoragefacilitytoholdaportionofproducetosellwhenthemarketingpriceisfavourable
•TradersandCo-operativesatmarketcentresneedstoragestructurestoholdgrainswhenthetransportfacilityisinadequate
ESA/ACT Science Coffee: Diego Blas - Gravitational wave detection with orbita...
ESA/ACT Science Coffee: Diego Blas - Gravitational wave detection with orbita...Advanced-Concepts-Team
Presentation in the Science Coffee of the Advanced Concepts Team of the European Space Agency on the 07.06.2024.
Speaker: Diego Blas (IFAE/ICREA)
Title: Gravitational wave detection with orbital motion of Moon and artificial
Abstract:
In this talk I will describe some recent ideas to find gravitational waves from supermassive black holes or of primordial origin by studying their secular effect on the orbital motion of the Moon or satellites that are laser ranged.Direct Seeded Rice - Climate Smart Agriculture
Direct Seeded Rice - Climate Smart AgricultureInternational Food Policy Research Institute- South Asia Office
PPT on Direct Seeded Rice presented at the three-day 'Training and Validation Workshop on Modules of Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) Technologies in South Asia' workshop on April 22, 2024.
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Immersive Learning That Works: Research Grounding and Paths Forward
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Discovery of An Apparent Red, High-Velocity Type Ia Supernova at 𝐳 = 2.9 wi...
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The cost of acquiring information by natural selection
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ESA/ACT Science Coffee: Diego Blas - Gravitational wave detection with orbita...
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Content video project
- 1. Third Grade Science Standard 1: Students will understand that the shape of Earth and the moon are spherical and that Earth rotates on its axis to produce the appearance of the sun and the moon moving through the sky Objective 1: Describe the appearance of the Earth and the Moon Austin Osborne
- 2. The Earth’s size in relation to the moon
- 3. The Earth will appear mostly blue (water) and green (land) when seen from space
- 4. The moon appears white with different shades of gray, and sometimes craters are visible
- 5. The different land masses (continents) can be seen from space
- 6. The surface of the moon is covered in thousands of craters of varying size
- 8. The shape of the moon appears to change depending on where the Earth, the Moon, and the Sun are located
- 10. The Earth has many layers, all the way down to its fiery core