Earth is a planet that formed around 4.6 billion years ago from a cloud of gas and dust. It is the only planet known to support life. Earth is spherical in shape but slightly oblate, meaning it bulges at the equator. It rotates on its axis once every 24 hours and revolves around the sun once every 365 days. Earth has four major interior layers - crust, mantle, outer core, and inner core. NASA studies Earth using satellites to monitor changes to its land, oceans, atmosphere, and climate in order to better understand and predict environmental changes.
This is a presentation that I completed for EDU 290 in the Fall 2009. The intent of the assignment was to create a lesson that could be used by a student that missed the classroom instruction due to illness
This is a presentation that I completed for EDU 290 in the Fall 2009. The intent of the assignment was to create a lesson that could be used by a student that missed the classroom instruction due to illness
A "lunar eclipse" and a "solar eclipse" refer to events involving three celestial bodies: the Sun ("solar"), the moon ("lunar"), and the Earth. A lunar eclipse occurs when the Earth passes between the Moon and the Sun, and the Earth's shadow obscures the moon or a portion of it. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between the Earth and the Sun, blocking all or a portion of the Sun.
Our Solar System are composed of 1 star (Sun), 8 major planets (Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune), 5 dwarf planets (Ceres, Pluto, Haumea, Makemake, Eris), 566,000 asteroids and 3,100 comets. The age of our Solar System is about 4.6 billion years.
Cont
learningfromgeography.wikispaces.com
learningfromhistory.wikispaces.com
Developed by Maria Jesús Campos, Social Studies, Geography and History teacher in a bilingual section in Madrid (Spain)
Power Point notes that I use in class. I did not make this presentation. I got it from the internet, the reference is on the first page. I may have altered it from it\'s origninal state though.
The Solar System is composed of the Sun and the celestial objects which are gravitationally bound to it: planets, moons, dwarf planets and their four known moons, asteroids, meteoroids, comets, and interplanetary dust.
A "lunar eclipse" and a "solar eclipse" refer to events involving three celestial bodies: the Sun ("solar"), the moon ("lunar"), and the Earth. A lunar eclipse occurs when the Earth passes between the Moon and the Sun, and the Earth's shadow obscures the moon or a portion of it. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between the Earth and the Sun, blocking all or a portion of the Sun.
Our Solar System are composed of 1 star (Sun), 8 major planets (Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune), 5 dwarf planets (Ceres, Pluto, Haumea, Makemake, Eris), 566,000 asteroids and 3,100 comets. The age of our Solar System is about 4.6 billion years.
Cont
learningfromgeography.wikispaces.com
learningfromhistory.wikispaces.com
Developed by Maria Jesús Campos, Social Studies, Geography and History teacher in a bilingual section in Madrid (Spain)
Power Point notes that I use in class. I did not make this presentation. I got it from the internet, the reference is on the first page. I may have altered it from it\'s origninal state though.
The Solar System is composed of the Sun and the celestial objects which are gravitationally bound to it: planets, moons, dwarf planets and their four known moons, asteroids, meteoroids, comets, and interplanetary dust.
Paul Gimbel from Razorleaf Corporation used this presentation as people entered into his SolidWorks World presentations. It is a collection of inspirational, insightful, and humorous quotations for a wide variety of sources.
The Solar System by VI - Edison (PASAY CITY WEST HIGH SCHOOL, 2012)Fatimah Sol Jalmaani
We did last year (2012), with my classmates Gloriele and Abegail for a report. Anyone can get information from it, but if you plan to use ALL OF IT, make sure to site the source, okay????! That's all! :D
The Moon is a relatively large, terrestrial, planet-like natural satellite, with a diameter about one-quarter of Earth's. It is the largest moon in the Solar System relative to the size of its planet, although Charon is larger relative to the dwarf planet Pluto. The natural satellites of other planets are also referred to as "moons", after Earth's.
The gravitational attraction between Earth and the Moon causes tides on Earth. The same effect on the Moon has led to its tidal locking: its rotation period is the same as the time it takes to orbit Earth. As a result, it always presents the same face to the planet. As the Moon orbits Earth, different parts of its face are illuminated by the Sun, leading to the lunar phases; the dark part of the face is separated from the light part by the solar terminator.
Details of the Earth–Moon system, showing the radius of each object and the Earth–Moon barycenter. The Moon's axis is located by Cassini's third law.
Due to their tidal interaction, the Moon recedes from Earth at the rate of approximately 38 mm/yr. Over millions of years, these tiny modifications—and the lengthening of Earth's day by about 23 µs/yr—add up to significant changes.[221] During the Devonian period, for example, (approximately 410 Mya) there were 400 days in a year, with each day lasting 21.8 hours.[222]
The Moon may have dramatically affected the development of life by moderating the planet's climate. Paleontological evidence and computer simulations show that Earth's axial tilt is stabilized by tidal interactions with the Moon.[28] Some theorists think that without this stabilization against the torques applied by the Sun and planets to Earth's equatorial bulge, the rotational axis might be chaotically unstable, exhibiting chaotic changes over millions of years, as appears to be the case for Mars.[223]
Viewed from Earth, the Moon is just far enough away to have almost the same apparent-sized disk as the Sun. The angular size (or solid angle) of these two bodies match because, although the Sun's diameter is about 400 times as large as the Moon's, it is also 400 times more distant.[186] This allows total and annular solar eclipses to occur on Earth.
The most widely accepted theory of the Moon's origin, the giant-impact hypothesis, states that it formed from the collision of a Mars-size protoplanet called Theia with the early Earth. This hypothesis explains (among other things) the Moon's relative lack of iron and volatile elements and the fact that its composition is nearly identical to that of Earth's crust.[224]
The solar system is made up of the Sun, the planets that orbit the Sun, their satellites, dwarf planets and many, many small objects, like asteroids and comets. All of these objects move and we can see these movements. We notice the Sun rises in the eastern sky in the morning and sets in the western sky in the evening. We observe different stars in the sky at different times of the year.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
2. EARTH
Earth is the only planet to be
named in English. The word
‘Earth’ is Old English word for
“land“
Earth belongs to the Milky Way
Galaxy
Earth is the only planet to
sustain life
3. SHAPE OF THE EARTH
The study of size and shape of earth is called
geodesy.
Before 500 BC, people thought that earth was
flat. But thanks to scientists like Aristotle and
Pythagoras, people know that the shape of the
earth is spherical. However Sir Isaac Newton
showed that the earth was not a perfect sphere,
but a compressed spheroid.
4. SHAPE OF THE EARTH
The true shape of the Earth is
called an Oblate Spheroid. – The
term "Oblate" refers to its
slightly oblong appearance. –
The term "Spheroid" means that
it is almost a sphere, but not
quite. – The Earths shape is only
very slightly oblate.
5. EARTH'S FORMATION AND
EVOLUTION
Scientists think Earth was formed at roughly
the same time as the sun and other planets
some 4.6 billion years ago, when the solar
system came from a giant, rotating cloud of gas
and dust known as the solar nebula. As the
nebula collapsed because of its gravity, it spun
faster and flattened into a disk. Most of the
material was pulled toward the center to form
the sun. Other particles within the disk collided
and stuck together to form ever-larger bodies,
including Earth.
6. Scientists think Earth started off as
a waterless mass of rock. Radioactive
materials in the rock and increasing
pressure deep within the Earth
generated enough heat to melt Earth's
interior, causing some chemicals to rise
to the surface and form water, while
others became the gases of the
atmosphere. Recent evidence suggests
that Earth's crust and oceans may have
formed within about 200 million years
after the planet had taken shape.
EARTH'S FORMATION AND
EVOLUTION
7. The history of Earth is divided into
four eons — starting with the
earliest, these are the Hadean,
Archean, Proterozoic and
Phanerozoic. The first three eons,
which together lasted nearly 4
billion years, are together known as
the Precambrian. Evidence for life
has been found in the Archaean
about 3.8 billion years ago, but life
did not become abundant until the
Phanerozoic.
EARTH'S FORMATION AND
EVOLUTION
8. The Phanerozoic is divided into three eras —
starting with the earliest, these are the
Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic.
The Paleozoic Era saw the development of
many kinds of animals and plants in the seas
and on land.
The Mesozoic Era was the age of dinosaurs
The Cenozoic Era we are in currently is the age
of mammals.
EARTH'S FORMATION AND
EVOLUTION
9.
10.
11. STRUCTURE OF THE
EARTH’S INTERIOR
The structure of earth (also
referred as cross–section) is
divided into mainly four
layers namely Crust, Mantle,
Inner Core and Outer Core .
12. Outermost layer of the Earth. It is also
the surface of the Earth.
This comprises the continents and ocean
basins and therefore it has been classified
into continental crust and oceanic crust.
Continental crust averages some 25 miles
(40 km) thick, although it can be thinner
or thicker in some areas. Oceanic crust is
usually only about 5 miles (8 km) thick.
CRUST
13. About 1,800 miles (2,900 km) thick.
Earth's crust floats on the mantle much as
a wood floats on water, and the slow
motion of rock in the mantle shuffles
continents around and causes
earthquakes, volcanoes, and the
formation of mountain ranges.
The division between the crust and the
mantle is called the Mohorovicic
discontinuity, or simply the Moho.
MANTLE
14. Earth's core is about 4,400 miles (7,100
km) wide
Outer core- hot and liquid layer
comprising mainly of Nickel and Iron
(liquid).
The transition space between outer core
and mantle is called Gutenberg
discontinuity
CORE
15. Inner core- mostly made of solid iron and
has little amounts of nickel.
believed to have the extreme
temperature and pressure conditions.
The transition region between outer core
and inner core is called Lehmann
discontinuity
CORE
16. ORBITAL
CHARACTERISTICS
Earth spins on an imaginary line
called an axis that runs from the
North Pole to the South Pole,
while also orbiting the sun. It
takes Earth 23.439 hours to
complete a rotation on its axis,
and roughly 365.26 days to
complete an orbit around the sun.
17. Earth's orbit is not a perfect circle, but
is rather an oval-shaped ellipse, like
that of the orbits of all the other
planets.
ORBITAL
CHARACTERISTICS
18. ORBIT & ROTATION
Some statistics about Earth, according to NASA:
Average distance from the sun: 92,956,050 miles (149,598,262 km)
Perihelion (closest approach to the sun): 91,402,640 miles (147,098,291
km)
Aphelion (farthest distance from the sun): 94,509,460 miles (152,098,233
km)
Length of solar day (single rotation on its axis): 23.934 hours
Length of year (single revolution around the sun): 365.26 days
Equatorial inclination to orbit: 23.4393 degrees
19. MOTIONS OF THE EARTH
Rotation- rotation of the planet Earth around its own axis
The earth rotates on its axis from west to east or counter clockwise.
The rotation of the earth results in the alternation of day and night.
Areas facing toward the sun experience daytime. Areas facing away
from the sun experience nighttime.
20. MOTIONS OF THE EARTH
Revolution- earth’s movement around
the sun
The earth revolves or goes around the
sun in elliptical or oval orbit, from west
to east.
It takes 365 days, 5 hours, 48 mins., and
46 seconds (365 and ¼ days).
A year with 366 days is called a leap
year.
21. Why Does Earth Have Seasons?
Earth has seasons because its axis is tilted.
Thus, the sun's rays hit different parts of the
planet more directly depending on the time of
year.
Summer is warmer than winter (in each
hemisphere) because the Sun's rays hit the
Earth at a more direct angle during summer
than during winter and also because the days
are much longer than the nights during the
summer. During the winter, the Sun's rays hit
the Earth at an extreme angle, and the days
are very short. These effects are due to the
tilt of the Earth's axis.
22. Solstices
The solstices are days when the Sun reaches its
farthest northern and southern declinations. The
winter solstice occurs on December 21 or 22 and
marks the beginning of winter (this is the shortest
day of the year). The summer solstice occurs on
June 21 and marks the beginning of summer (this is
the longest day of the year)
Equinoxes
Equinoxes are days in which day and night are of
equal duration. The two yearly equinoxes occur
when the Sun crosses the celestial equator.The
vernal equinox occurs in late March (this is the
beginning of spring in the Northern Hemisphere and
the beginning of fall in the Southern Hemisphere);
the autumnal equinox occurs in late September
(this is the beginning of fall in the Northern
Hemisphere and the beginning of spring in the
Southern Hemisphere).
23. STANDARD TIME
For millennia, people have measured
time based on the position of the sun; it
was noon when the sun was highest in
the sky. Sundials were used well into
the Middle Ages, at which time
mechanical clocks began to appear.
Cities would set their town clock by
measuring the position of the sun, but
every city would be on a slightly
different time.
24. PHILIPPINE STANDARD TIME
was instituted through Batas Pambansa Blg. 8 (that defined
the metric system), approved on 2 December 1978 and implemented
on 1 January 1983. The Philippines is one of the few countries to
officially and almost exclusively use the 12-hour clock in non-
military situations.
25. LOCATING PLACES ON EARTH
The vertical lines originating from
the north pole and end with the
south pole are called meridians of
longitude.
Parallels of latitude are marked
horizontally on maps or globes,
starting at the equator. These
imaginary lines run east to west.
26. Why and How Does NASA Study Earth?
NASA studies Earth to learn about how the planet changes. Earth's parts -
land, air, water and life - are always changing. Some of the changes are
natural and some are caused by humans. Scientists want to understand how
Earth has changed in the past and how it is changing now. This information
helps them predict how Earth might change in the future.
NASA studies Earth using satellites. Satellites look toward Earth from space.
They take pictures of, and collect information about, all of Earth's parts.
NASA satellites are especially good for observing clouds, oceans, land and ice.
They also measure gases in the atmosphere, such as ozone and carbon
dioxide. They measure how much energy enters and leaves Earth's
atmosphere. And they monitor wildfires, volcanoes and their smoke.
Information gathered by NASA satellites helps scientists predict weather and
climate. It also helps public health officials track disease and famine. It helps
farmers decide when to plant crops and what kinds to plant. And it helps
emergency workers respond to natural disasters.
The more people know about Earth and its current and predicted changes,
the better decisions they can make.
28. Earth was originally born as a twin to the
planet Theia, which was about half as wide as
Earth and roughly the size of Mars. The two
planets shared an orbit for several million
years until they collided. Earth absorbed
Theia, and the remaining debris eventually
coagulated into Earth’s moon. The mass
donated by Theia gave Earth the gravity
necessary to sustain a substantial atmosphere.
29. The world's largest desert is the Sahara, it
covers about one third of Africa!
30. Stretching out to an impressive length of
6696 kilometres (4160 miles) long, the Nile
River is the longest river on earth.
31. Mt. Everest is the highest mountain on
earth, its peak reaches 8,848 metres (29029
feet) above sea level.
32. Hot Spot
The fiery award for Earth's hottest spot goes
to El Azizia, Libya, where temperature
records from weather stations reveal it hit
136 degrees Fahrenheit (57.8 degrees Celsius)
on Setp. 13, 1922, according to NASA Earth
Observatory.
33. Coldest Spot
It may come as no surprise that the coldest place on Earth can be
found in Antarctica, but the chill factor is somewhat unbelievable.
Winter temperatures there can drop below minus 100 degrees F
(minus 73 degrees C). The lowest temperature ever recorded on Earth
came from Russia's Vostok Station, where records show the air plunged
to a bone-chilling minus 128.6 degrees F (minus 89.2 degrees C) on
July 21,1983, according to the USGS.