Geoffrey Bawa was a Sri Lankan architect known for tropical modernism. He respected local context and culture, using vernacular elements like courtyards and roof forms. Bawa's buildings had a play of light and shade and flowed between indoor and outdoor spaces. Hassan Fathy was an Egyptian architect who designed low-cost buildings using local materials and labor. He trained locals to reduce costs while reviving ancient Egyptian design. Tadao Ando is a Japanese architect known for bare concrete and precise geometry. He uses light, water, and spatial circulation to define simple yet complex spaces. Balkrishna Doshi combines modernism with local context and traditions in India. He emphasizes natural light, ventilation, and

1. CONTEMPORARY
ARCHITECTS
HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE
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2. Geoffrey Bawa
➢ Born in 1919
➢ Educated at Royal College and MiddleTemple, London
and became a Lawyer.
➢ Studied architecture in Architectural Association,
London in 1956
➢ In 1957, at the age of 38 , returned to Sri Lanka qualified
as an architect to take over Reid's practice.
“A building can only be understood by moving around and through it and by
experiencing the modulation and feel the spaces one moves through- from the outside
into verandah, than rooms, passages, courtyards.Architecture cannot be totally
explained but must be experienced.“
-Geoffrey Bawa

3. Philosophy
➢ respected the site and context
➢ buildings had a play of light and shade.
➢ flow of spaces
➢ fused vernacular architecture with the modern
concepts to satiate the needs of the urban population
➢ used salvaged artifacts
➢ roof forms as elements
➢ waterbody –an essential part of bawa’s architecture
•Highly personal in his approach, evoking the pleasures of the senses that go hand in hand with the climate,
landscape, and culture of ancient Ceylon(Present day Sri Lanka).
•Brings together an appreciation of the Western humanist tradition in architecture with needs and lifestyles of
his own country.
•The principal force behindTROPICAL MODERNISM.

12. Hassan Fathy
➢ Egyptian Architect born in 1899. Who Design And
Builds Mosques , School ,And Homes For Islamic
Egyptian People.
“The structural elements provide endless interest for the eye. If houses have to
be built at all, in sufficient quantity, they must be built without money.We must
go right outside the framework of the monetary system, bypass the factories,
and ignore the contractors.“
-Hassan Fathy

13. ➢ was one of the first architects to break with modern architecture and to found a new approach based on a conception of
interpreting forms and masses from the past.
➢ He was unique in believing that this language could exist alongside that of an aggressively modern one that cut all ties with
the past he Designed 160 separate projects from modest country retreats to fully planned communities, markets, schools,
theatres, places for worship and for recreation.
Philosophy
➢ Low Cost Construction
➢ Usages Of Local Materials
➢ Trained Local Peoples To Reduce Labour Cost
➢ Passive Cooling
➢ He Utilized Ancient Design And Material To Integrated
A Knowledge Of Rural Egyptian.
➢ The belief in the primacy of human values in architecture
➢ The importance of a universal rather than a limited approach
➢ The use of appropriate technology • The need for socially
oriented, cooperative construction techniques
➢ The essential role of tradition
➢ The re-establishment of cultural pride through the art of
building

14. ABD AL-RAHMAN NASSIF HOUSE
➢ Location: Saudi Arabia
➢ Date: 1973
➢ Building type: residential
➢ The house was built with stone block recovered
from the demolition of the traditional tower
houses in the old city, which the client
unsuccessfully tried to save.
➢ Rather than using the familiar dome over the
majlishere, he felt that an octagonal shukshieka
would be more regionally appropriate, and the use
of this particular element carries over into a
larger house designed in tabuk.
➢ The importance of the Nassif house comes mainly
from its early idealistic and innovative attempt to
revive Jeddah’s lost heritage at the time when it
was invaded by the modern office blocks and
shopping malls which necessitated the demolition
of many of its historic buildings

15. AKIL SAMI HOUSE
➢ LOCATED - DAHSHUR , EGYPT
➢ BUILDINGTYPE – RESIDENTIAL
➢ YEAR - 1978
➢ Akil Sami House Is A Building Designed InThe
Hot And Arid Climate Of Dahshur, Egypt.
➢ The HouseWas Not Built With Traditional Mud
Bricks , DueTo A Ban From The Government
ban on the use of mud brick following the
construction of high dam ,as well as
unsatisfactory test result for the structural
strength of the soil in this area.
➢ In Hot Arid Climates,Temperatures Are High
During The Daytime, But low At Nighttime.

16. ➢ Born in Osaka, Japan in 1941.
➢ Is a self-taught architect.
➢ Is inspired by the works of Le Corbusier and also
considers Mies van der Rohe,Alvar Aalto, Frank Lloyd
Wright and Louis Kahn
➢ "I traced the drawings of his early period so many
times, that all pages turned black”Awards : The
Pritzker Architecture Prize.
➢ the gold medal of the French Academy. plus numerous
other medals and honorary fellow designations from
Finland, the United States, and Great Britain.
➢ He has every art and architecture prize his own
country can bestow.
Tadao Ando

17. ➢ Style - element of Light,Water, concrete and glass.
Simplified, rectilinear forms.
➢ favors designing complex spatial circulation while
maintaining the appearance of simplicity.
➢ Bare concrete walls that define the spaces within.
Interior of the building are the form itself, ridicules
the idea of masking it.
Philosophy
“In all my works, light is an important controlling factor.”
“I create enclosed spaces mainly by means of thick concrete walls.”
“When the external factors of a city’s environment require the wall
to be without openings, the interior must be especially full and
satisfying.”
“I create architectural order on the basis of geometry squares,
circles, triangles and rectangles. I try to use forces in the area where
I am building, to restore the unity between house and nature (light
and wind).”

18. KOSHINO HOUSE:
Location Ashiya, Japan Date 1981
Building Type house
Construction System concrete
Style Modern
Introduction
• "The house, byTadao Ando for the designer
Koshin, is a veritable maze of lights and shadows.
• The architect seeks to reconcile the tenets of
international modernism with tradition and
landscape, in this case, Japanese.
• So ,The House Koshino is an example of
contemporary architecture built in two parallel
wings that barely interrupt the landscape.

21. Church of the Light, 1999.
➢ LOCATION: Ibaraki, Osaka, Japan
CONTEXT:
➢ Tightly-packed residential neighborhood
➢ Very small space
➢ Location influences form
➢ L-shaped wall separates church from busy
surrounding.
➢ No good views, so the windows are
minimal – only the distinctive narrow cross
window and a window opening into the L-
shaped wall
➢ “The building can be described simply as a
bare concrete box with a wall cutting
through it at a 15 degree angle.“

22. ➢ (born 26 August 1927)an Indian architect
➢ Apart from his international fame as an
architect, Dr. Doshi is equally known as an
educator and institution builder.
➢ Over the years Doshi has created
architecture that relies on a sensitive
adoption and refinement of modern
architecture within an Indian context.
Balkrishna Vithaldas Doshi
•“I hesitate calling myself an architect because the more I think I
know what architecture is, the less I feel I know about its true
calling.” ...

23. Philosophy
• The building profile will have Natural Light,Air Movement and
Access Elements against the sky to express the Cosmic
Relationship.
• The building base will gradually widen towards the ground
through Platforms,Terraces, and Steps.
• The building mass will integrate roof, rainwater, cascades,
water bodies, natural landscapes, gardens and foliage
• The external finish of the building will express one
homogenous mass but will have adequate details, textures and
surface modulations
• The main arrival to the building will be at a higher or a raised
level- with provision for a lower entry to express duality.
• Not all movements within the building will be symmetrical but
will shift axis to give unexpected experiences and provide
ambiguous or dual impressions…”
• Finally aesthetic considerations will take into account local
symbolism, context, and associations • Casting of shadows,
breaking of mass, rhythms in the structure, solids, voids, will be
the mode of expression

24. SANGATH
Location-Ahmedabad, Gujarat
Date - 1979-1981
Building type - Architectural office
Construction system – concrete
• It’s include reception areas, office
spaces, workshop, , library, conference
room, and other ancillary space.
• The building is largely buried under
the ground to use earth masses for
natural insulation.

26. Amdavadi ni Gufa
• an underground art gallery in Ahmedabad, India.
• it exhibits works of the Indian artist Maqbool Fida
Hussain.
• • The gallery represents a unique juxtaposition of
architecture and art.The cave-like underground
structure has a roof made of multiple
interconnected domes, covered with a mosaic of
tiles.
• • On the inside, irregular tree-like columns
support the domes. It was earlier known as
Hussain-Doshi ni Gufa.
• There are facilities for special painting exhibitions
and for projecting films. Gardens and a café are
located above ground.

28. ➢ Born in 1916,Achara, Maharashtra
➢ 1935 Sir J.J. School of Art Studied architecture
under Claude Batley
➢ 1945 in Harvard for Master degree, with a
thesis on science laboratories
➢ 1947 appointed as the Chief Architect of
CSIR. • Formed Kanvinde and Rai in 1955.
ACHYUT KANVINDE

29. Philosophy
➢ All his creations were in strict conformity with these three
principles:-
➢ FUNCTIONALISM • There buildings were always conceived
with first priority given to its functions, and the social values
when designing spaces. • He rejected symmetry.
➢ MODERN ARCHITECTURE AND BRUTALISM •
Simplification of form and creation of ornament from the
structure • Elimination of unnecessary detail •Visual
expression of structure, as opposed to the hiding of
structural elements Salk Institute, California Louis Kahn
Bauhaus,Germany Walter Gropius
➢ Brutalism is a child of modern architecture • Typically very
linear, fortress like and blockish, often with a predominance
of concrete construction • Developed to create functional
structures at a low cost, but eventually designers adopted
the look for other uses such as college buildings Boston city
hall, USA Gerhardt Kallmann
➢ REGIONALISM Inevitably based on the exigencies of • local
climate, • building materials and • social conditions • sound
climatological principles.

30. Dudhsagar Dairy ,Mehsana
Location: mehsana, gujarat, india.
National Dairy Development Board built in
1973
One of the largest Milk processing unit in
asia
STYLE OF ARCHITECTURE : BRUTALISM
• The grid based spatial organization and
shafts, although intrinsic to the technical
process, are articulated by kanvinde to
form a rhythmic composition
• The natural slope of the site utilized to
advantage of a multi level processing
system Milk receiving is done at the roof
Processing is done at the second level
The third and the lower most level
accommodate the worker’s amenities

31. SCKON temple, Delhi.
➢ The project is situated on a sloping
site. Prime importance to natural light.
➢ 3 shikaras in 3 different direction
➢ The temple was designed such that
the building itself can solve the
problem of ventilation as well as
excessive heat.
➢ Materials used for construction were,
RCC, red and white stone cladding.