Meetup - Red Hat - Techtalks Copenhagen
What are containers, how do they work. and some details about RHEL Atomic
http://www.meetup.com/Red-Hat-Tech-Talks-DK/
LXC (Linux Containers) allows multiple isolated Linux systems called containers to run on a single Linux host. Containers offer lightweight virtualization by running applications in isolated processes on the host operating system without needing a hypervisor. This provides better performance than virtual machines and allows containers to be deployed and migrated more easily. While still a newer technology, LXC adoption is growing rapidly due to its benefits for server isolation, workload management, and portability.
Linux Containers(LXC) allow running multiple isolated Linux instances (containers) on the same host.
Containers share the same kernel with anything else that is running on it, but can be constrained to only use a defined amount of resources such as CPU, memory or I/O.
A container is a way to isolate a group of processes from the others on a running Linux system.
LXC (Linux Containers) are lightweight virtual machines created using kernel-level virtualization rather than a hypervisor. The document discusses LXC, including that it provides operational system-level virtualization allowing multiple isolated systems to run on a single host. It also covers main LXC implementations like LXC, Docker, and OpenVZ which are written in C or Go and have stable codebases. Basic usage of LXC like creating, starting, and stopping containers is demonstrated.
This document discusses Linux containers (LXC), which provides operating system-level virtualization. It allows multiple isolated Linux systems to run on a single host. LXC offers advantages like being lightweight, providing comprehensive process and resource isolation, and allowing for rapid deployment. The document outlines basic LXC usage like creating, starting, and stopping containers. It also covers more advanced topics such as unprivileged containers, cloning and snapshots, networking configurations, and example applications for LXC.
presentation held at SUSE Linux Expert Forum December 2014
Linux container history and Linux namespaces
examples include:
* Move a VPN connection to its own namespace(p 25)
* User namespaces demo(p 28)
see collection of useful articles and advanced container usecases pp 29
The document describes the namespace attachment feature for LXC containers which allows processes to attach to the namespaces of other processes, providing de-isolation between containers and hosts. It specifies how namespace attachment works using the setns() system call and files in the /proc directory, and discusses integrating this feature into the LXC container by modifying its source code and libraries. Use cases where breaking isolation may be acceptable are also outlined.
This document discusses namespaces in Linux. Namespaces allow containers to have isolated resources like processes, networking, file systems, users and more. Containers share less than virtual machines but provide more isolation than regular processes. Namespaces use the clone system call to create an isolated view of various system resources for a container. Common namespaces include UTS for hostname, IPC for shared memory, PID for process IDs, network, mount and more. Tools like LXC, Docker and systemd-nspawn make it easy to create and manage containers using namespaces and cgroups.
K3s is a lightweight Kubernetes distribution that is highly available and optimized for resource usage, taking up less than 40MB. Service discovery in K3s allows processes and devices on the network to automatically detect each other using environment variables, DNS, or a Kubernetes service object which provides load balancing and sends traffic only to healthy backends while offering features like session affinity and label selectors.
LXC (Linux Containers) allows multiple isolated Linux systems called containers to run on a single Linux host. Containers offer lightweight virtualization by running applications in isolated processes on the host operating system without needing a hypervisor. This provides better performance than virtual machines and allows containers to be deployed and migrated more easily. While still a newer technology, LXC adoption is growing rapidly due to its benefits for server isolation, workload management, and portability.
Linux Containers(LXC) allow running multiple isolated Linux instances (containers) on the same host.
Containers share the same kernel with anything else that is running on it, but can be constrained to only use a defined amount of resources such as CPU, memory or I/O.
A container is a way to isolate a group of processes from the others on a running Linux system.
LXC (Linux Containers) are lightweight virtual machines created using kernel-level virtualization rather than a hypervisor. The document discusses LXC, including that it provides operational system-level virtualization allowing multiple isolated systems to run on a single host. It also covers main LXC implementations like LXC, Docker, and OpenVZ which are written in C or Go and have stable codebases. Basic usage of LXC like creating, starting, and stopping containers is demonstrated.
This document discusses Linux containers (LXC), which provides operating system-level virtualization. It allows multiple isolated Linux systems to run on a single host. LXC offers advantages like being lightweight, providing comprehensive process and resource isolation, and allowing for rapid deployment. The document outlines basic LXC usage like creating, starting, and stopping containers. It also covers more advanced topics such as unprivileged containers, cloning and snapshots, networking configurations, and example applications for LXC.
presentation held at SUSE Linux Expert Forum December 2014
Linux container history and Linux namespaces
examples include:
* Move a VPN connection to its own namespace(p 25)
* User namespaces demo(p 28)
see collection of useful articles and advanced container usecases pp 29
The document describes the namespace attachment feature for LXC containers which allows processes to attach to the namespaces of other processes, providing de-isolation between containers and hosts. It specifies how namespace attachment works using the setns() system call and files in the /proc directory, and discusses integrating this feature into the LXC container by modifying its source code and libraries. Use cases where breaking isolation may be acceptable are also outlined.
This document discusses namespaces in Linux. Namespaces allow containers to have isolated resources like processes, networking, file systems, users and more. Containers share less than virtual machines but provide more isolation than regular processes. Namespaces use the clone system call to create an isolated view of various system resources for a container. Common namespaces include UTS for hostname, IPC for shared memory, PID for process IDs, network, mount and more. Tools like LXC, Docker and systemd-nspawn make it easy to create and manage containers using namespaces and cgroups.
K3s is a lightweight Kubernetes distribution that is highly available and optimized for resource usage, taking up less than 40MB. Service discovery in K3s allows processes and devices on the network to automatically detect each other using environment variables, DNS, or a Kubernetes service object which provides load balancing and sends traffic only to healthy backends while offering features like session affinity and label selectors.
Linux Container Technology inside Docker with RHEL7Etsuji Nakai
Linux Container Technology inside Docker with RHEL7 discusses Docker containers and how they utilize Linux container technologies like namespaces and control groups. It provides an overview of how Docker images work and how processes are isolated in containers using process and filesystem namespaces. It also describes how networks are isolated using network namespaces and bridged to the host system. Finally, it briefly introduces Kubernetes and how it can manage Docker containers across multiple nodes.
"One network to rule them all" - OpenStack Summit Austin 2016Phil Estes
Presentation at IBM Client Day by Kyle Mestery and Phil Estes, OpenStack Summit 2016 - Austin, Texas on April 26, 2016. "Open, Scalable and Integrated Networking for Containers and VMs" covering Project Kuryr, Docker's libnetwork, and Neutron & OVS and OVN network stacks
This document provides an overview of the Linux operating system, including its history and design principles. It describes key components of Linux such as the kernel, kernel modules, process management, scheduling, and synchronization techniques. The document also discusses Linux distributions and licensing. It provides details on the evolution of Linux kernels over time and the introduction of new features and capabilities with each version.
Introduction to Unix-like systems (Part I-IV)hildenjohannes
This document provides an overview of Unix-like operating systems, including their system structure, kernel subsystems, shells, file hierarchy and permissions. It defines a Unix-like system as one that behaves similarly to Unix, and lists several examples including various Linux distributions, BSD, Solaris and Mac OS X. The key components discussed are the kernel, process management, memory management, filesystem, network stack and shells. Filesystem topics covered include paths, file types, directories and common utilities.
Docker networking was previously handled by Docker Engine and libcontainer, but is now managed by libnetwork, a standalone library. Libnetwork aims to modularize networking logic and provide a pluggable driver-based model. It defines components like networks, endpoints, and sandboxes and provides RESTful APIs. Common drivers include bridge and overlay drivers.
This document discusses several network overlay options in Docker: Weave, Flannel, and Libnetwork. Weave creates a custom bridge and uses encapsulation to connect containers across hosts, but has low throughput due to packet processing in userspace. Flannel assigns each host a subnet and supports backends like VxLAN, with higher throughput than Weave by using the kernel driver. Libnetwork is integrated with Docker and supports custom drivers like Weave; it defines networks and services and allows containers to attach across hosts, with throughput close to Flannel due to using the VxLAN driver.
Linux is an open-source operating system based on the Unix model. It can run on a variety of hardware and has thousands of available programs. The document discusses the history and development of Linux from its origins in the 1960s through its creation by Linus Torvalds in 1991. It also covers key Linux concepts like kernels, processes, threads, file systems, and boot processes. Community links are provided for learning more about the Linux kernel, drivers, boot loader, and file systems.
Linux is an open-source operating system based on UNIX with a modular kernel. It uses processes, memory management and file systems similar to UNIX. The Linux kernel supports features like symmetric multiprocessing, virtual memory and loading of kernel modules. Popular Linux distributions package and distribute the Linux system along with utilities and applications.
The document provides an overview of the cgroup subsystem and namespace subsystem in Linux, which form the basis of Linux containers. It discusses how cgroups and namespaces enable lightweight virtualization of processes through isolation of resources and namespaces. It then covers specific aspects of cgroups like the memory, CPU, devices, and PIDs controllers. It also summarizes the key differences and improvements in the cgroup v2 implementation, such as having a single unified hierarchy and consistent controller interfaces.
This document provides an introduction to Linux basics. It defines what Linux is, describing its core components like the kernel, daemons, shell, and desktop environments. It explains the directory structure and file system, with everything treated as a file. It also outlines many common Linux commands, like ls, cd, chmod, and crontab, and provides explanations for how they work. Finally, it discusses concepts like piping, redirection, wildcards, foreground vs. background processes, and provides some additional Linux resources.
The document discusses setting up an NFS server in an LXC container on Ubuntu 16.04. It explains the steps to create the LXC container, install the NFS server, export a directory, and apply the configuration. It then provides an overview of persistent volumes and persistent volume claims in Kubernetes, describing how they decouple storage and pod lifecycles by connecting persistent volumes to pods through claims.
A brief introduction to Linux Containers and explanation of the available Minimalist OSes targeted to run containers.
* http://www.meetup.com/Arapiraca-Dev-Meetup/events/222709815/
* http://www.meetup.com/maceio-dev-meetup/events/222550701/
* https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i4sO-W7ack8
This document provides an overview of the basics of Linux, including its key components and common commands. It describes Linux as an open source, Unix-based operating system developed by the community. The core component is the Linux kernel, which uses a monolithic microkernel design. Common shells for the user interface include BASH, SH, and KSH. Basic commands covered include ls, cd, pwd, echo, cat, cp, mv, mkdir, rm, and tar for archiving and compressing files. The document also discusses file permissions and ownership, represented using octal notation, and crontab for scheduling tasks.
This document provides an overview of a seminar presented on Red Hat Linux and NIS servers. It discusses key topics like the history and features of Linux, an overview of the Linux kernel and file system, Linux shells, users and permissions, RAID and LVM concepts, and configurations for common Linux server types including NIS, NFS, DNS, DHCP, FTP, SSH, Telnet, SMTP, Samba, and Apache web servers. Screenshots are also included to demonstrate aspects of the configurations.
The document provides an overview of the Linux operating system, including its history, design principles, components, and key features. It discusses the kernel, processes and threads, scheduling, memory management, file systems, I/O, inter-process communication, networking, and security in Linux. The document is intended to introduce the fundamental concepts and architecture of the Linux system.
Writing the Container Network Interface(CNI) plugin in golangHungWei Chiu
An introduction to Container Network Interface (CNI), including what problems it want solve and how it works.
Also contains a example about how to write a simple CNI plugin with golang
Linux was first developed in 1991 by Linus Torvalds as a free operating system kernel. It was inspired by the proprietary Unix operating system. All CCMST servers now run Linux. Linux is a multi-user, multi-tasking operating system with features like a command line interface, graphical desktop environments, and system administration tools. It allows for time-sharing where multiple users can access a system simultaneously through a division of processing time.
The document provides an overview of Linux kernel development including:
- Linux kernel versions follow a naming convention and source code can be found at kernel.org
- Kernel source code is installed by extracting tar files and applying patches
- The kernel directory has a hierarchy and is configured, built, and installed
- Kernel modules are installed separately from the kernel
- The kernel lacks features of userspace like memory protection and floating point support due to its low-level nature and process management
Isolating an applications using LXC – Linux ContainersVenkat Raman
configuring and running an application inside the container. Dockers are built on top of LXC. In Dockers case, its advantage is that its open-source engine can be used to pack, ship, and run any application as a lightweight, portable, self-sufficient LXC container that runs virtually anywhere. It’s a packaging system for applications.
Docker provides a way to package applications into containers that can be run on any infrastructure. It uses namespaces and cgroups to isolate processes and share resources efficiently. The key components are images which are read-only templates for building containers, registries for storing images, and containers which combine an image with writable layers and metadata to run applications anywhere. Docker uses a client-server architecture with containers built from images and managed through commands to the Docker daemon which handles building, running, and distributing containers.
Linux Container Technology inside Docker with RHEL7Etsuji Nakai
Linux Container Technology inside Docker with RHEL7 discusses Docker containers and how they utilize Linux container technologies like namespaces and control groups. It provides an overview of how Docker images work and how processes are isolated in containers using process and filesystem namespaces. It also describes how networks are isolated using network namespaces and bridged to the host system. Finally, it briefly introduces Kubernetes and how it can manage Docker containers across multiple nodes.
"One network to rule them all" - OpenStack Summit Austin 2016Phil Estes
Presentation at IBM Client Day by Kyle Mestery and Phil Estes, OpenStack Summit 2016 - Austin, Texas on April 26, 2016. "Open, Scalable and Integrated Networking for Containers and VMs" covering Project Kuryr, Docker's libnetwork, and Neutron & OVS and OVN network stacks
This document provides an overview of the Linux operating system, including its history and design principles. It describes key components of Linux such as the kernel, kernel modules, process management, scheduling, and synchronization techniques. The document also discusses Linux distributions and licensing. It provides details on the evolution of Linux kernels over time and the introduction of new features and capabilities with each version.
Introduction to Unix-like systems (Part I-IV)hildenjohannes
This document provides an overview of Unix-like operating systems, including their system structure, kernel subsystems, shells, file hierarchy and permissions. It defines a Unix-like system as one that behaves similarly to Unix, and lists several examples including various Linux distributions, BSD, Solaris and Mac OS X. The key components discussed are the kernel, process management, memory management, filesystem, network stack and shells. Filesystem topics covered include paths, file types, directories and common utilities.
Docker networking was previously handled by Docker Engine and libcontainer, but is now managed by libnetwork, a standalone library. Libnetwork aims to modularize networking logic and provide a pluggable driver-based model. It defines components like networks, endpoints, and sandboxes and provides RESTful APIs. Common drivers include bridge and overlay drivers.
This document discusses several network overlay options in Docker: Weave, Flannel, and Libnetwork. Weave creates a custom bridge and uses encapsulation to connect containers across hosts, but has low throughput due to packet processing in userspace. Flannel assigns each host a subnet and supports backends like VxLAN, with higher throughput than Weave by using the kernel driver. Libnetwork is integrated with Docker and supports custom drivers like Weave; it defines networks and services and allows containers to attach across hosts, with throughput close to Flannel due to using the VxLAN driver.
Linux is an open-source operating system based on the Unix model. It can run on a variety of hardware and has thousands of available programs. The document discusses the history and development of Linux from its origins in the 1960s through its creation by Linus Torvalds in 1991. It also covers key Linux concepts like kernels, processes, threads, file systems, and boot processes. Community links are provided for learning more about the Linux kernel, drivers, boot loader, and file systems.
Linux is an open-source operating system based on UNIX with a modular kernel. It uses processes, memory management and file systems similar to UNIX. The Linux kernel supports features like symmetric multiprocessing, virtual memory and loading of kernel modules. Popular Linux distributions package and distribute the Linux system along with utilities and applications.
The document provides an overview of the cgroup subsystem and namespace subsystem in Linux, which form the basis of Linux containers. It discusses how cgroups and namespaces enable lightweight virtualization of processes through isolation of resources and namespaces. It then covers specific aspects of cgroups like the memory, CPU, devices, and PIDs controllers. It also summarizes the key differences and improvements in the cgroup v2 implementation, such as having a single unified hierarchy and consistent controller interfaces.
This document provides an introduction to Linux basics. It defines what Linux is, describing its core components like the kernel, daemons, shell, and desktop environments. It explains the directory structure and file system, with everything treated as a file. It also outlines many common Linux commands, like ls, cd, chmod, and crontab, and provides explanations for how they work. Finally, it discusses concepts like piping, redirection, wildcards, foreground vs. background processes, and provides some additional Linux resources.
The document discusses setting up an NFS server in an LXC container on Ubuntu 16.04. It explains the steps to create the LXC container, install the NFS server, export a directory, and apply the configuration. It then provides an overview of persistent volumes and persistent volume claims in Kubernetes, describing how they decouple storage and pod lifecycles by connecting persistent volumes to pods through claims.
A brief introduction to Linux Containers and explanation of the available Minimalist OSes targeted to run containers.
* http://www.meetup.com/Arapiraca-Dev-Meetup/events/222709815/
* http://www.meetup.com/maceio-dev-meetup/events/222550701/
* https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i4sO-W7ack8
This document provides an overview of the basics of Linux, including its key components and common commands. It describes Linux as an open source, Unix-based operating system developed by the community. The core component is the Linux kernel, which uses a monolithic microkernel design. Common shells for the user interface include BASH, SH, and KSH. Basic commands covered include ls, cd, pwd, echo, cat, cp, mv, mkdir, rm, and tar for archiving and compressing files. The document also discusses file permissions and ownership, represented using octal notation, and crontab for scheduling tasks.
This document provides an overview of a seminar presented on Red Hat Linux and NIS servers. It discusses key topics like the history and features of Linux, an overview of the Linux kernel and file system, Linux shells, users and permissions, RAID and LVM concepts, and configurations for common Linux server types including NIS, NFS, DNS, DHCP, FTP, SSH, Telnet, SMTP, Samba, and Apache web servers. Screenshots are also included to demonstrate aspects of the configurations.
The document provides an overview of the Linux operating system, including its history, design principles, components, and key features. It discusses the kernel, processes and threads, scheduling, memory management, file systems, I/O, inter-process communication, networking, and security in Linux. The document is intended to introduce the fundamental concepts and architecture of the Linux system.
Writing the Container Network Interface(CNI) plugin in golangHungWei Chiu
An introduction to Container Network Interface (CNI), including what problems it want solve and how it works.
Also contains a example about how to write a simple CNI plugin with golang
Linux was first developed in 1991 by Linus Torvalds as a free operating system kernel. It was inspired by the proprietary Unix operating system. All CCMST servers now run Linux. Linux is a multi-user, multi-tasking operating system with features like a command line interface, graphical desktop environments, and system administration tools. It allows for time-sharing where multiple users can access a system simultaneously through a division of processing time.
The document provides an overview of Linux kernel development including:
- Linux kernel versions follow a naming convention and source code can be found at kernel.org
- Kernel source code is installed by extracting tar files and applying patches
- The kernel directory has a hierarchy and is configured, built, and installed
- Kernel modules are installed separately from the kernel
- The kernel lacks features of userspace like memory protection and floating point support due to its low-level nature and process management
Isolating an applications using LXC – Linux ContainersVenkat Raman
configuring and running an application inside the container. Dockers are built on top of LXC. In Dockers case, its advantage is that its open-source engine can be used to pack, ship, and run any application as a lightweight, portable, self-sufficient LXC container that runs virtually anywhere. It’s a packaging system for applications.
Docker provides a way to package applications into containers that can be run on any infrastructure. It uses namespaces and cgroups to isolate processes and share resources efficiently. The key components are images which are read-only templates for building containers, registries for storing images, and containers which combine an image with writable layers and metadata to run applications anywhere. Docker uses a client-server architecture with containers built from images and managed through commands to the Docker daemon which handles building, running, and distributing containers.
Namespaces, Cgroups and systemd document discusses:
1. Namespaces and cgroups which provide isolation and resource management capabilities in Linux.
2. Systemd which is a system and service manager that aims to boot faster and improve dependencies between services.
3. Key components of systemd include unit files, systemctl, and tools to manage services, devices, mounts and other resources.
The document summarizes recent developments in the Linux 2.6 kernel series, including changes to the development model, source code management, new features like kobject events and inotify, and new system calls. It also discusses changes and improvements to filesystems, allocators, clustering, timers, namespaces, paravirtualization, and the introduction of ext4.
The document provides an overview of the history and design of the Linux operating system in 3 paragraphs:
Linux was first developed in 1991 by Linus Torvalds as a small kernel for compatibility with UNIX. It has since grown through collaboration over the internet to run on various hardware platforms while remaining free and open source. Early versions only supported 386 processors and basic functionality, while later versions added support for new hardware, file systems, and networking.
The core components of Linux include the kernel, system libraries, and system utilities. The kernel provides core system functions and resource management. Libraries and utilities are developed separately but work together to provide a full UNIX-compatible system. Device drivers, file systems, and network protocols can
The document provides an overview of the history and design of the Linux operating system. It discusses key aspects of Linux including its kernel development over time, process management, scheduling, memory management, file systems, and interprocess communication. The core components of a Linux system including the kernel, system libraries, and system utilities are also summarized.
The document provides an overview of the history and components of the Linux operating system. It discusses how Linux originated as a small kernel developed by Linus Torvalds in 1991 and has since evolved through collaboration. The key components of Linux include the Linux kernel, system libraries, system utilities, and kernel modules. Linux uses a multi-user, multi-tasking model and adheres to UNIX standards and design principles.
The document provides an overview of the history and components of the Linux operating system. It discusses how Linux originated as a small kernel developed by Linus Torvalds in 1991 and has since evolved through collaborations. The core components of Linux include the kernel, system libraries, system utilities, and kernel modules. It also describes key aspects of Linux such as process management, scheduling, memory management, and file systems.
امروزه مجازیسازی یکی از روشهای پرطرفدار برای پیادهسازی کارگزاران وب است. این فناوری موجب کاهش هزینههای تجارتهای کوچک میشود. مجازیسازی یکی از جنبههای مهم ارائه خدمات ابری است که حتی برای تجارتهای بزرگ نیز از جذابیت زیادی برخوردار است.
در این سخنرانی به امکاناتی همچون Control Groups و Containers که در نسخههای جدیدتر هسته سیستم عامل لینوکس پیادهسازی شده است میپردازیم. هرچند این امکانات مجازیسازی کامل را به ارمغان نمیآورند، اما بسیاری از مزایای آن را با سربار بسیار کم در سطح هسته فراهم میکنند. راه حلهایی همچون LXC و Docker بر اساس این امکانات توانستهاند به نتایج خوبی برسند که هم از لحاظ تجاری در خور توجه هستند و هم تبعات و کاربردهای امنیتی دارند.
Linux Container Brief for IEEE WG P2302Boden Russell
A brief into to Linux Containers presented to IEEE working group P2302 (InterCloud standards and portability). This deck covers:
- Definitions and motivations for containers
- Container technology stack
- Containers vs Hypervisor VMs
- Cgroups
- Namespaces
- Pivot root vs chroot
- Linux Container image basics
- Linux Container security topics
- Overview of Linux Container tooling functionality
- Thoughts on container portability and runtime configuration
- Container tooling in the industry
- Container gaps
- Sample use cases for traditional VMs
Overall, a bulk of this deck is covered in other material I have posted here. However there are a few new slides in this deck, most notability some thoughts on container portability and runtime config.
Linux is a free, open-source operating system based on UNIX with a modular kernel. It uses processes, threads, virtual memory, and files systems. Device drivers allow access to hardware via the block I/O system. Interprocess communication includes signals, pipes, shared memory, and semaphores. Security features authentication via PAM and access controls permissions via user and group IDs.
The document summarizes the architecture of the Linux operating system. It discusses the main components of Linux including the kernel, process management, memory management, file systems, device drivers, network stack, and architecture-dependent code. The kernel is at the core and acts as a resource manager. It uses a monolithic design. Process and memory management are handled via data structures like task_struct and buddy allocation. Virtual memory is implemented using page tables. File systems organize files in a hierarchy with inodes. Device drivers interface with hardware. The network stack follows a layered model. Architecture code is separated by subdirectory.
Linux containers (LXC) provide operating system-level virtualization using features of the Linux kernel such as cgroups, namespaces, and chroot. This allows for the creation of lightweight isolated environments called containers that share the kernel of the host system. Containers offer many advantages over traditional virtual machines such as near-native performance, flexibility, and lightweight resource usage. The document discusses the key building blocks and technologies that underpin LXC such as cgroups for resource control and namespaces for process isolation. It also covers the benefits of using LXC and how container images are realized on Linux.
The document summarizes the architecture of the Linux operating system. It discusses that Linux is divided into the kernel space and user space. The kernel is responsible for process management, memory management, file systems, device drivers, and the network stack. It also touches on architecture-dependent code and the components of the Linux system like the kernel, user applications, and system libraries.
The document provides an overview of the key components of the Linux operating system, including:
1) The Linux kernel, which acts as a resource manager for processes, memory, and hardware devices.
2) Process and memory management systems that control how processes are allocated and memory is allocated and freed.
3) The file system which organizes how files are stored and accessed.
4) Device drivers that allow the operating system to interface with hardware.
5) The network stack which handles network protocols and connections.
6) Architecture-dependent code that provides hardware-specific implementations of core functions.
This document discusses the evolution of Linux container virtualization, including technologies like LXC, Docker, CoreOS, and Kubernetes. It provides an overview of key concepts in virtualization like namespaces, cgroups, AppArmor, SELinux, and seccomp. It also summarizes features of Linux container engines like LXC, and container platforms like Docker, CoreOS, and the Kubernetes container cluster management system.
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Kubernetes is an open-source system for automating deployment, scaling, and management of containerized applications. It was originally developed by Google based on years of experience running production workloads at scale. Kubernetes groups containers into logical units called pods and handles tasks like scheduling, health checking, scaling and rollbacks. The main components include a master node that manages the cluster and worker nodes that run application containers scheduled by the master.
This document provides an overview of the Linux operating system, including its history, design principles, kernel components, process management, scheduling, and synchronization techniques. It describes how Linux originated from UNIX and is now a widely used open source operating system. Key topics covered include Linux kernel modules, process identity and context, the Completely Fair Scheduler algorithm, and how the kernel protects access to shared resources using nonpreemptible code and interrupt disabling.
Similar to Containers - What are they and Atomic (20)
Build and manage private and hybrid cloudSyed Shaaf
1) The document discusses private, public, and hybrid cloud deployment models and how a hybrid cloud is a combination of private and public clouds.
2) It explains how a typical workload in a private cloud would include operating systems, application containers, databases, applications, and network storage supported by infrastructure like hardware, virtualization, and platforms.
3) Cloud management platforms can be used to automate the provisioning, management, and orchestration of workloads across private and hybrid clouds for increased efficiency and control.
Getting to know the Grid - Goto Aarhus 2013Syed Shaaf
You can start an application with a local cache, but then you need to scale, make it distributed, so now you have a distributed cache, need an in-memory key/value NoSQL datastore, you got it! Want to use map/reduce or maybe distribute executions on this grid. This is where you would start wondering about high availability, evictions, grid network etc.
In this talk I will highlight the uses cases for the JBoss Datagrid which is based on the opensource project infinispan. I will go through some of the internals of caching and how you can effectively create an application that can scale, and once it does how you can leverage the capabilities of the gird.
This document discusses Red Hat middleware and OpenShift platform-as-a-service (PaaS). It summarizes Red Hat's middleware offerings including JBoss, which provides a standard modern middleware platform for cloud, hybrid and on-premises deployments. It also discusses how OpenShift can be used as a PaaS to deploy and manage applications in a flexible and scalable manner. The document provides an overview of how Red Hat's middleware products address challenges around application development and integration, data management, business rules and processes, and more.
OpenShift and next generation application developmentSyed Shaaf
OpenShift is a Platform as a Service (PaaS) cloud application platform built on Red Hat technologies that allows developers to easily deploy and scale applications in a cloud environment. It provides developers flexibility to work how they want through options like a web console, command line tools, and IDE integrations while choosing from various programming languages, frameworks, and middleware. OpenShift handles automated application builds, testing, deployment and scaling across its infrastructure which includes nodes managed by brokers that run on instances of Red Hat Enterprise Linux.
The document discusses Red Hat Enterprise Linux and its growing adoption rates. It notes that 84% of organizations plan to continue or increase their use of Linux in the coming year. Many organizations are migrating applications and workloads from UNIX and Windows to Linux due to benefits like lower costs, increased flexibility and hardware choices, and community driven innovation. Red Hat Enterprise Linux provides stability and a platform for mission critical, big data, virtualization and cloud computing workloads.
The document is a presentation about Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization (RHEV). It provides an overview of RHEV features such as live migration, storage live migration, high availability, and self-service portal. It discusses the RHEV hypervisor and KVM, including scalability and support for latest silicon virtualization technology. The presentation also covers RHEV integration, security using SELinux, cost advantages over competitors, and examples of RHEV uses such as UNIX to Linux migration, mission critical applications, and test/dev environments.
This document discusses Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization (RHEV) 3.1. Key features of RHEV Manager include high availability, live migration, load balancing, templates, and centralized storage and network management. The RHEV hypervisor supports up to 160 virtual CPUs and 2TB of RAM per guest. RHEV 3.1 focuses on integration, a new Python SDK, removing the .NET admin portal, supporting new platforms like OpenJDK, and improvements to networking, storage, and the user interface.
Red Hat Enterprise Linux and NFS by syedmshaafSyed Shaaf
Red Hat provides mission-critical software and services using an open source model. This includes operating systems, virtualization, storage, and middleware. Red Hat develops products using a participate, integrate, and stabilize process involving upstream open source projects and communities. Red Hat Enterprise Linux works well with NFS for storage, with NFS version 4 improving performance and NFS version 4.1 introducing parallel access for improved scalability.
This document discusses JBoss Enterprise Application Platform (EAP) 6 and its capabilities for easing into cloud deployments. EAP 6 implements the full Java EE 6 specification and is designed with a cloud-ready architecture featuring high automation, flexible management, and dynamic resource usage. It provides fast performance, modular design, and centralized configuration. EAP 6 supports developer productivity with Maven integration and sample applications.
Technical update KVM and Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization (RHEV) by syedmshaafSyed Shaaf
Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization (RHEV) is a virtualization platform based on KVM (Kernel-based Virtual Machine) that allows multiple operating systems to run concurrently on shared hardware resources. RHEV provides a centralized management interface, live migration capabilities, high availability features, and integration with third party systems through APIs and hooks. IBM invests heavily in KVM development and uses KVM in many of its own products and services.
KISS is an acronym that stands for "Keep It Simple, Stupid" and refers to a design principle of developing code and systems in a way that is as simple as possible to increase understandability, ease of development and maintenance. Applying KISS principles involves breaking problems down into small pieces, writing concise code to directly solve each problem, and reviewing code informally to identify issues early. Benefits of KISS include being able to solve problems faster, produce higher quality and more maintainable code, and build larger systems more easily.
EDS is an open source data virtualization system that allows applications to access and integrate data from multiple heterogeneous data sources through a relational abstraction. It focuses on real-time integration performance, full integration via SQL and procedures, and providing JDBC access. This enables data services and integration of legacy and JPA applications. EDS uses query optimization techniques like access pattern pushdown, dependent and optional joins, and caching to improve performance. It handles large loads through memory buffering, non-blocking source queries, time slicing, and various caching mechanisms. Transactions can be global, local, or at the command level using JTA.
GraphSummit Singapore | The Future of Agility: Supercharging Digital Transfor...Neo4j
Leonard Jayamohan, Partner & Generative AI Lead, Deloitte
This keynote will reveal how Deloitte leverages Neo4j’s graph power for groundbreaking digital twin solutions, achieving a staggering 100x performance boost. Discover the essential role knowledge graphs play in successful generative AI implementations. Plus, get an exclusive look at an innovative Neo4j + Generative AI solution Deloitte is developing in-house.
Essentials of Automations: The Art of Triggers and Actions in FMESafe Software
In this second installment of our Essentials of Automations webinar series, we’ll explore the landscape of triggers and actions, guiding you through the nuances of authoring and adapting workspaces for seamless automations. Gain an understanding of the full spectrum of triggers and actions available in FME, empowering you to enhance your workspaces for efficient automation.
We’ll kick things off by showcasing the most commonly used event-based triggers, introducing you to various automation workflows like manual triggers, schedules, directory watchers, and more. Plus, see how these elements play out in real scenarios.
Whether you’re tweaking your current setup or building from the ground up, this session will arm you with the tools and insights needed to transform your FME usage into a powerhouse of productivity. Join us to discover effective strategies that simplify complex processes, enhancing your productivity and transforming your data management practices with FME. Let’s turn complexity into clarity and make your workspaces work wonders!
Climate Impact of Software Testing at Nordic Testing DaysKari Kakkonen
My slides at Nordic Testing Days 6.6.2024
Climate impact / sustainability of software testing discussed on the talk. ICT and testing must carry their part of global responsibility to help with the climat warming. We can minimize the carbon footprint but we can also have a carbon handprint, a positive impact on the climate. Quality characteristics can be added with sustainability, and then measured continuously. Test environments can be used less, and in smaller scale and on demand. Test techniques can be used in optimizing or minimizing number of tests. Test automation can be used to speed up testing.
For the full video of this presentation, please visit: https://www.edge-ai-vision.com/2024/06/building-and-scaling-ai-applications-with-the-nx-ai-manager-a-presentation-from-network-optix/
Robin van Emden, Senior Director of Data Science at Network Optix, presents the “Building and Scaling AI Applications with the Nx AI Manager,” tutorial at the May 2024 Embedded Vision Summit.
In this presentation, van Emden covers the basics of scaling edge AI solutions using the Nx tool kit. He emphasizes the process of developing AI models and deploying them globally. He also showcases the conversion of AI models and the creation of effective edge AI pipelines, with a focus on pre-processing, model conversion, selecting the appropriate inference engine for the target hardware and post-processing.
van Emden shows how Nx can simplify the developer’s life and facilitate a rapid transition from concept to production-ready applications.He provides valuable insights into developing scalable and efficient edge AI solutions, with a strong focus on practical implementation.
Best 20 SEO Techniques To Improve Website Visibility In SERPPixlogix Infotech
Boost your website's visibility with proven SEO techniques! Our latest blog dives into essential strategies to enhance your online presence, increase traffic, and rank higher on search engines. From keyword optimization to quality content creation, learn how to make your site stand out in the crowded digital landscape. Discover actionable tips and expert insights to elevate your SEO game.
TrustArc Webinar - 2024 Global Privacy SurveyTrustArc
How does your privacy program stack up against your peers? What challenges are privacy teams tackling and prioritizing in 2024?
In the fifth annual Global Privacy Benchmarks Survey, we asked over 1,800 global privacy professionals and business executives to share their perspectives on the current state of privacy inside and outside of their organizations. This year’s report focused on emerging areas of importance for privacy and compliance professionals, including considerations and implications of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies, building brand trust, and different approaches for achieving higher privacy competence scores.
See how organizational priorities and strategic approaches to data security and privacy are evolving around the globe.
This webinar will review:
- The top 10 privacy insights from the fifth annual Global Privacy Benchmarks Survey
- The top challenges for privacy leaders, practitioners, and organizations in 2024
- Key themes to consider in developing and maintaining your privacy program
Sudheer Mechineni, Head of Application Frameworks, Standard Chartered Bank
Discover how Standard Chartered Bank harnessed the power of Neo4j to transform complex data access challenges into a dynamic, scalable graph database solution. This keynote will cover their journey from initial adoption to deploying a fully automated, enterprise-grade causal cluster, highlighting key strategies for modelling organisational changes and ensuring robust disaster recovery. Learn how these innovations have not only enhanced Standard Chartered Bank’s data infrastructure but also positioned them as pioneers in the banking sector’s adoption of graph technology.
Infrastructure Challenges in Scaling RAG with Custom AI modelsZilliz
Building Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems with open-source and custom AI models is a complex task. This talk explores the challenges in productionizing RAG systems, including retrieval performance, response synthesis, and evaluation. We’ll discuss how to leverage open-source models like text embeddings, language models, and custom fine-tuned models to enhance RAG performance. Additionally, we’ll cover how BentoML can help orchestrate and scale these AI components efficiently, ensuring seamless deployment and management of RAG systems in the cloud.
GraphSummit Singapore | The Art of the Possible with Graph - Q2 2024Neo4j
Neha Bajwa, Vice President of Product Marketing, Neo4j
Join us as we explore breakthrough innovations enabled by interconnected data and AI. Discover firsthand how organizations use relationships in data to uncover contextual insights and solve our most pressing challenges – from optimizing supply chains, detecting fraud, and improving customer experiences to accelerating drug discoveries.
Why You Should Replace Windows 11 with Nitrux Linux 3.5.0 for enhanced perfor...SOFTTECHHUB
The choice of an operating system plays a pivotal role in shaping our computing experience. For decades, Microsoft's Windows has dominated the market, offering a familiar and widely adopted platform for personal and professional use. However, as technological advancements continue to push the boundaries of innovation, alternative operating systems have emerged, challenging the status quo and offering users a fresh perspective on computing.
One such alternative that has garnered significant attention and acclaim is Nitrux Linux 3.5.0, a sleek, powerful, and user-friendly Linux distribution that promises to redefine the way we interact with our devices. With its focus on performance, security, and customization, Nitrux Linux presents a compelling case for those seeking to break free from the constraints of proprietary software and embrace the freedom and flexibility of open-source computing.
Full-RAG: A modern architecture for hyper-personalizationZilliz
Mike Del Balso, CEO & Co-Founder at Tecton, presents "Full RAG," a novel approach to AI recommendation systems, aiming to push beyond the limitations of traditional models through a deep integration of contextual insights and real-time data, leveraging the Retrieval-Augmented Generation architecture. This talk will outline Full RAG's potential to significantly enhance personalization, address engineering challenges such as data management and model training, and introduce data enrichment with reranking as a key solution. Attendees will gain crucial insights into the importance of hyperpersonalization in AI, the capabilities of Full RAG for advanced personalization, and strategies for managing complex data integrations for deploying cutting-edge AI solutions.
Dr. Sean Tan, Head of Data Science, Changi Airport Group
Discover how Changi Airport Group (CAG) leverages graph technologies and generative AI to revolutionize their search capabilities. This session delves into the unique search needs of CAG’s diverse passengers and customers, showcasing how graph data structures enhance the accuracy and relevance of AI-generated search results, mitigating the risk of “hallucinations” and improving the overall customer journey.
“An Outlook of the Ongoing and Future Relationship between Blockchain Technologies and Process-aware Information Systems.” Invited talk at the joint workshop on Blockchain for Information Systems (BC4IS) and Blockchain for Trusted Data Sharing (B4TDS), co-located with with the 36th International Conference on Advanced Information Systems Engineering (CAiSE), 3 June 2024, Limassol, Cyprus.
HCL Notes and Domino License Cost Reduction in the World of DLAUpanagenda
Webinar Recording: https://www.panagenda.com/webinars/hcl-notes-and-domino-license-cost-reduction-in-the-world-of-dlau/
The introduction of DLAU and the CCB & CCX licensing model caused quite a stir in the HCL community. As a Notes and Domino customer, you may have faced challenges with unexpected user counts and license costs. You probably have questions on how this new licensing approach works and how to benefit from it. Most importantly, you likely have budget constraints and want to save money where possible. Don’t worry, we can help with all of this!
We’ll show you how to fix common misconfigurations that cause higher-than-expected user counts, and how to identify accounts which you can deactivate to save money. There are also frequent patterns that can cause unnecessary cost, like using a person document instead of a mail-in for shared mailboxes. We’ll provide examples and solutions for those as well. And naturally we’ll explain the new licensing model.
Join HCL Ambassador Marc Thomas in this webinar with a special guest appearance from Franz Walder. It will give you the tools and know-how to stay on top of what is going on with Domino licensing. You will be able lower your cost through an optimized configuration and keep it low going forward.
These topics will be covered
- Reducing license cost by finding and fixing misconfigurations and superfluous accounts
- How do CCB and CCX licenses really work?
- Understanding the DLAU tool and how to best utilize it
- Tips for common problem areas, like team mailboxes, functional/test users, etc
- Practical examples and best practices to implement right away
3. Namespaces
namespace wraps a particular global system
resource in an abstraction that tells the
processes within the namespace that they have
their own isolated instance of the global
resource
4. Namespaces
Mount - CLONE_NEWNS, Linux 2.4.19
IPC - CLONE_NEWIPC, Linux 2.6.19
PID - CLONE_NEWPID, Linux 2.6.24
UTS - CLONE_NEWUTS, Linux 2.6.19
Network - CLONE_NEWNET, started in Linux 2.6.24
User - CLONE_NEWUSER, started in Linux 2.6.23
5. Cgroups
Control Groups provide a mechanism for
aggregating/partitioning sets of
tasks, and all their future children, into
hierarchical groups with
specialized behaviour.
Ref: Kernel.org
8. Software packaging concept that typically includes an application and all of its runtime
dependencies.
● Easy to deploy and portable
across host systems
● Isolates applications on a
host operating system. In RHEL,
this is done through:
● Control Groups (cgroups)
● kernel namespaces
● SELinux, sVirt
What is?
9. Loose 1 not all
...and compromised, there is far less exposure.
Only the container process is lost – lose the
process not the system.