This document provides an overview of a presentation on fundamentals of critical path method (CPM) scheduling for construction project managers. It discusses key concepts like critical path, building a baseline CPM schedule, setting activity relationships and constraints, best practices for schedule updates, and an introduction to lean construction principles for minimizing waste. Examples are provided throughout to illustrate different scheduling techniques and terminology.
This is the 4th presentation as part of PM Awareness Sessions I\'ve made for my company\'s (ITEC) staff to increase their awareness of PM best practices.
McLachlan Lister provides a range of management consulting and project management services. These are offered either discretely or as an integrated service - you control the depth of our relationship:
This is the 4th presentation as part of PM Awareness Sessions I\'ve made for my company\'s (ITEC) staff to increase their awareness of PM best practices.
McLachlan Lister provides a range of management consulting and project management services. These are offered either discretely or as an integrated service - you control the depth of our relationship:
In this presentation we have done earlier a project for Phillip Morris (Pakistan) for the access control system and canteen management system. It is the project presentation for our subject Planning and Scheduling. i hope it is the best for the understanding Project planning and scheduling.
CONSTRUCTION PROJECT PLANING
WHAT IS CONSTRUCTION PLANNING
5 STEPS TO THE PERFECT CONSTRUCTION PLANNING PROCESS
PRE TENDER PLANNING
PRE CONTRACT PLANNING
ROLE OF CLIENT
ROLE OF CONTRACTOR
PROCESS OF DEVELOPMENT OF PLANS
PLANNING A PROJECT
INTRODUCTION TO SCHEDULING
WORK BREAKDOWN STRUCTURE
BAR CHARTS (GANTT CHARTS)
NETWORK TECHNIQUES
ACTIVITY-ON-ARROW NETWORK
DUMMY ACTIVITIES
DANGLING ACTIVITY
CYCLE IN NETWORK
PRECEDENCE NETWORKS
TIME ESTIMATES
MILESTONES IN PROJECT
TIME ANALYSIS
CRITICAL PATH, SLACK AND FLOAT
NETWORK ANALYSIS AND BAR CHART
WHAT IS NETWORK
PERT / CPM Techniques
TERMS USED IN A NETWORK
RULES OF NETWORK CONSTRUCTION
NETWORK SYMBOLS
Dealing With A Schedule That Cannot Be Approved - AACE 2012 MeetingChris Carson
Ideally all projects would have schedules submitted and approved, but sometimes the quality of the schedule prevents approval. This presentation suggests ways to deal with this situation, as well as ways to encourage approvable schedules.
How to prepare recovery or revised schedule rev.2Abdelhay Ghanem
See my solution for one of the most hard issue which is facing most of planners while they are preparing recovery schedule.
I prepared, then uploaded a file to explain how to prepare a recovery baseline schedule (In English). With the new concluded equation (Ghanem equation) it is now easy to apply on Primavera.
In this chapter, you will learn how to:
✔ Use the Backstage view to open and save Project files.
✔ Work with commands on different tabs of the ribbon interface, the major visual
change introduced in Project 2010.
✔ Use different views to see Project information presented in different ways.
In this presentation we have done earlier a project for Phillip Morris (Pakistan) for the access control system and canteen management system. It is the project presentation for our subject Planning and Scheduling. i hope it is the best for the understanding Project planning and scheduling.
CONSTRUCTION PROJECT PLANING
WHAT IS CONSTRUCTION PLANNING
5 STEPS TO THE PERFECT CONSTRUCTION PLANNING PROCESS
PRE TENDER PLANNING
PRE CONTRACT PLANNING
ROLE OF CLIENT
ROLE OF CONTRACTOR
PROCESS OF DEVELOPMENT OF PLANS
PLANNING A PROJECT
INTRODUCTION TO SCHEDULING
WORK BREAKDOWN STRUCTURE
BAR CHARTS (GANTT CHARTS)
NETWORK TECHNIQUES
ACTIVITY-ON-ARROW NETWORK
DUMMY ACTIVITIES
DANGLING ACTIVITY
CYCLE IN NETWORK
PRECEDENCE NETWORKS
TIME ESTIMATES
MILESTONES IN PROJECT
TIME ANALYSIS
CRITICAL PATH, SLACK AND FLOAT
NETWORK ANALYSIS AND BAR CHART
WHAT IS NETWORK
PERT / CPM Techniques
TERMS USED IN A NETWORK
RULES OF NETWORK CONSTRUCTION
NETWORK SYMBOLS
Dealing With A Schedule That Cannot Be Approved - AACE 2012 MeetingChris Carson
Ideally all projects would have schedules submitted and approved, but sometimes the quality of the schedule prevents approval. This presentation suggests ways to deal with this situation, as well as ways to encourage approvable schedules.
How to prepare recovery or revised schedule rev.2Abdelhay Ghanem
See my solution for one of the most hard issue which is facing most of planners while they are preparing recovery schedule.
I prepared, then uploaded a file to explain how to prepare a recovery baseline schedule (In English). With the new concluded equation (Ghanem equation) it is now easy to apply on Primavera.
In this chapter, you will learn how to:
✔ Use the Backstage view to open and save Project files.
✔ Work with commands on different tabs of the ribbon interface, the major visual
change introduced in Project 2010.
✔ Use different views to see Project information presented in different ways.
Construction Delay Analysis, SimplifiedMichael Pink
Learn how to perform a delay analysis in the construction industry. Capture and study your impacts to determine why a project was late. Use this proven method to ensure that you get paid for delays caused by others.
Analyzing data, performance and impacts in constructionMichael Pink
Data management and analysis in the construction industry. Learn how to mine data to effectively manage construction projects, while utilizing data to capture and study variances related to cost and time/delay.
“Selecting and implementing a new asset finance system? In the second of three articles, we go back to basics to take a look at what you need to consider at the start of your project to give yourself the best chance of success.”
This has necessarily been a brief look at Project Initiation. We welcome comments and would be happy to help you get your project off to a good start.
Asset finance system project initiation 101. “Selecting and implementing a new asset finance system? In the second of three articles, we go back to basics to take a look at what you need to consider at the start of your project to give yourself the best chance of success.” This has necessarily been a brief look at Project Initiation. We welcome comments and would be happy to help you get your project off to a good start.
Mitigation And Performance Recovery Using Earned ValueChris Carson
This paper discusses the practical use of Earned Value metrics and calculations in monitoring and controlling schedule slippage, and, more importantly, in identifying appropriate mitigation plans to regain time.
Resource planning for QC labs, R&D, RA, or multi- project environmentsGeert Vanhove
Binocs is a web-based resource planning and scheduling application that aligns the work demand and capacity of knowledge workers. Binocs takes your existing planning tools to a next level and is specifically designed for QC labs, R&D, regulatory affairs or multi-project environments. Binocs is trusted by some of the biggest companies in the world (Pfizer, GSK, Merck, UCB, Danone, …). For more info or to request a demo: https://discover-binocs.com/
A straight forward and repeatable approach to creating Enterprise Agility by Connecting Strategy to Execution through the use of Facilitated Articulation, A3 Planning, Kanban Project Management, and Agile technology development. The approach results in alignment and drives effective change management.
Pagerinkite užsakymų įvykdymą laiku naudodami šiuolaikinius gamybos planavimo...Columbus Lietuva
Kad gamybos įmonių klientai užsakymus gautų sutartu laiku ir už sutartą kainą, reikia racionaliai organizuoti gamybos planavimo ir tvarkaraščių sudarymo procesą. Sužinokite, kaip pažangus kompiuterizuotas įrankis SIMATIC IT Preactor APS padeda valdyti gamybos procesus lanksčiai ir efektyviai, net ir dažnai keičiantis klientų poreikiams.
Paranda ettevõtte tulemusi targa tootmise planeerimise ja operatiivjuhtimisegaColumbus Eesti AS
Tootmisettevõtetel on palju väljakutseid, mis vajavad ületamist, et tooted jõuaksid õigel ajal kliendini. Mõned väljakutsetest on seotud sellega, kuidas toimub ettevõtte tootmise pikaajaline planeerimine ja kuidas seda protsessi operatiivtasandil juhitakse arvestades info paljusust ja mõjureid.
Kuidas vastaksite, kui Teilt küsida:
- Kas teie planeerijad oskavad anda klientidele teada toote täpse tarneaja ja kas suudate neist lubadustest kinni pidada?
- Kas teate, millised on kiirete müükide ning nende tootmisesse planeerimisega kaasnevad tagajärjed juba planeeritud ning kinnitatud tarnetele ja lubadustele?
- Kas teate ettevõtte pikema perioodi tootmisvõimsuse rakendamist ning omate ülevaadet protsessi kitsaskohtade ja muutuse mõjust tulevikunõudlusele?
Tutvustame SIMATIC IT Preactor lahendust, mis aitaks neid väljakutseid lahendada.
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CPM Scheduling best practicies within the Construction Indistry
1. FUNDAMENTALS OF CPM SCHEDULING FOR
CONSTRUCTION PROJECT MANAGERS
Presented By: Michael A. Pink
2. www.construxsolutions.com 2
ABOUT THE PRESENTER: MICHAEL PINK
Founder of Construx Solutions, LLC
Inventor of the SmartPM Technology
15 Years of Advisory Experience in Commercial Construction Industry
Specialization in Project Controls, Risk Management, Dispute Avoidance
Advisory Board Member for the School of Building Construction at GT
Certified Planning and Scheduling Professional
Certified Cost Engineer
3. www.construxsolutions.com 3
COURSE OBJECTIVES
Critical Path Method (CPM) Scheduling Explained
Baseline CPM Schedules – Recommendations for Strong Schedules
Schedule Updates – Best Practices for Generating “Usable” Updates
Lean Construction Planning 101
4. www.construxsolutions.com 4
THE BASICS – WHAT IS CPM?
CPM Stands for “Critical Path Method”
What is the “Critical Path”?
Why are CPM Schedule’s Useful?
Schedules in Excel and Visio are not CPM
Critical Path Method scheduling is a mathematically based technique (or algorithm)
that is used for scheduling an interdependent set’s of activities. The CPM method
first requires that all activities, durations, constraints and relationships are defined.
Once established, the algorithm generates a schedule based on the above
information. Within that schedule, there are 2 types of paths: “Critical” and “Non
Critical” Paths. The “Critical” path is the only path that extends from start to finish of
the project – with no room for delay. Every other path is considered “Non Critical”
6. www.construxsolutions.com 6
THE BASICS – CPM SCHEDULING TERMINOLOGY
Activity (or Task) – A discrete scheduled component of work to be performed during the
course of a project.
Milestone – A significant event in the project schedule, such as an event restraining
future work (watertight milestone) or marking the completion of a major milestone
(substantial completion).
Planned Duration – The total number of working days estimated to complete a
schedule activity.
Resource Estimates – The estimated quantity (and types) of resources required to
perform each schedule activity.
Logical Relationship – A dependency between two schedule activities, or between a
schedule activity and a schedule milestone.
Predecessor – An activity required to be completed prior to the start of a
(successor) activity.
Successor – An activity that follows the start/completion of a (predecessor) activity.
Float – The number of days an activity can be delayed before impacting a successor (or
the end date of the project)
7. www.construxsolutions.com 7
THE BASICS – BUILDING A CPM “BASELINE” SCHEDULE
Step 1: Choose a CPM Scheduling Technology (NOT Excel)
Step 2: List All Activities/Tasks Necessary to Build the Project
Step 3: Set Durations for Each Activity (Risk Adjusted if Possible)
Step 4: Apply Necessary Relationships amongst Activities
Step 5: Apply Necessary Constraints (Date, Crew, Calendars, etc.)
Additional Recommended Best Practices:
Step 6: Set Organizational Structure (Activity Codes or WBS)
Step 7: Resource/Cost Load Activities
8. www.construxsolutions.com 8
THE BASICS – PREPARING THE ACTIVITY LIST
Include all activities required to complete the work (this is a no brainer,
but still requires quite a bit of thought)
̶ This includes discussions with PM’s and Superintendents
̶ Subcontractor Schedule Submissions are useful prior to finalizing
Activities should not be too broad and not to detailed
̶ 5 (min) – 20 (max) working days each (1 week to 1 month durations)
̶ A maximum of 100 activities per trade for the project
̶ Don’t exceed 2000 activities
Crews and/or process/order are very important
̶ Early coordination discussions between CM’s and Subs is useful
̶ Must have achievable crew sizes
̶ Give some thought to the Activity Code / WBS Structure
9. www.construxsolutions.com 9
THE BASICS – ESTIMATING ACTIVITY DURATIONS
Consider Resources Required to estimate “Best Case” Durations:
̶ Visualize the Space and Estimate an Efficient Crew Size
̶ Use Estimate to Determined Planned Man-hours/days for the Activity at hand
̶ Divide Number of Estimated Man-days / Estimated Crew Size to get “Best
Case Scenario” Activity Duration.
̶ Enter into First Draft of CPM Schedule
Review CPM Schedule and modify Durations to Account for Risk items:
̶ Need to Consider Crew Restraints
̶ Need to Consider Trade-Stacking
̶ Need to Consider Delay Issues that could arise
Important: The more “Best Case” Durations that exist in the Schedule, the
higher the risk of budget overruns and delays.
10. www.construxsolutions.com 10
THE BASICS – SETTING ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIPS
“Logic” is the building blocks for a CPM schedule.
Understanding of the Various Relationship Types:
̶ Finish to Start Relationship
̶ Start to Start Relationship
̶ Finish to Finish Relationship
̶ Start to Finish Relationship
What is Lag?
All activities should have a predecessor and successor
(except for the first and last activities/milestones)
11. www.construxsolutions.com 11
EXAMPLES OF RELATIONSHIP TYPES – FINISH TO START
Predecessor
Successor
Finish-to-Start, Lag 0
Predecessor
Successor
Finish-to-Start, Lag 2
Predecessor
Successor
Finish-to-Start, Lag -2
12. www.construxsolutions.com 12
EXAMPLES OF RELATIONSHIP TYPES – START TO START
Predecessor
Successor
Start-to-Start, Lag 0
Predecessor
Successor
Start-to-Start, Lag 2
Predecessor
Successor
Start-to-Start, Lag -2 Not Recommended
13. www.construxsolutions.com 13
EXAMPLES OF RELATIONSHIP TYPES – FINISH TO FINISH
Predecessor
Successor
Finish-to-Finish, Lag 0
Predecessor
Successor
Finish-to-Finish, Lag 2
Predecessor
Successor
Finish-to-Finish, Lag -2
Not Recommended
14. www.construxsolutions.com 14
THE BASICS – UNDERSTANDING CONSTRAINTS
Start/Finish Constraints
̶ Availability Constraints
̶ Government Requirements
̶ Contractual
̶ No Real Predecessors/Successors
Crew Management
̶ Crew Leveling
̶ Availability of Area
̶ Trade Stacking
Calendar Constraints
̶ Union Requirements
̶ Acceleration Requirement
̶ Seasonal Constraints
̶ Preference
Mandatory Start
Mandatory Finish
Start On or After
Start On or Before
Finish On or After
Finish On or Before
As Late as Possible
Constraint Types Examples
16. www.construxsolutions.com 16
SCHEDULE UPDATES – BASICS
What is a Schedule Update?
Why are Schedule Updates Useful?
Recommended Scheduling Updating Process:
1. Activity Status Discussions between Schedulers and Project Management
2. Scheduler to upload activity status into the schedule and study results
3. Delays need to be discussed with Project Mgt., Supers and Subs
4. Conduct Planning/Mitigation Meetings with Site Team (PM’s, Supers, Subs)
5. Update go forward schedule based on discussions held (incl. mitigation Strategy)
Schedulers who have limited knowledge on what’s going on in the field
should not modify logic or durations (ie. mitigate) “on the fly”
17. www.construxsolutions.com 17
SCHEDULE UPDATING – DO’S AND DON’TS
DO DON’T
Status Schedules Updates in Real Time Issue Schedule Updates 1+ Months late
Update Schedules on a consistent basis (Week/Month) Update Schedules less than once per Month
Modify Plan based on Discussion’s Held in
Coordination/Strategy Meetings
Modify Plan without Field Input
Adjust Plan based on Historical Performance
Leave Incomplete Activity Durations pegged to the
Original Anticipated Durations
Incorporate Resource/Trade Constraints when Updating Crash the Schedule
Document (and substantiate) all modifications to
activity status, logic, durations, etc.
Update Activity Status and modify Logic, duration, etc.
w/o substantiating
Perform a Monthly Delay Analysis and Mitigation
Summary
Save Delay Analysis until the end of the Project
Produce and Utilize 3 Week Look-Ahead Schedules
Hope that everyone has a copy of the Latest CPM and
will figure it out themselves
18. www.construxsolutions.com 18
SCHEDULE UPDATES – IMPORTANT RULES
Use Historical Data/Info to Produce Realistic Future Projections
Update Schedule with Data; Review; Modify
Collaborate/Coordinate with Field Personnel to form Mitigation Strategies
Use Feasible Logic Structures when Mitigating Delay
Know the Resource Pool and Incorporate Crew Constraints
Avoid Trade Stacking / Crew Spreading
Have Discussions with other Stakeholders, Be Transparent.
Fear the Crash – Crashing Schedules leads to claims
ALWAYS COMPARE CURRENT SCHEDULE TO THE APPROVED PLAN
24. www.construxsolutions.com 24
LEAN CONSTRUCTION 101
Lean Construction results from the Toyota Lean Manufacturing System
Lean Construction is belief that cost can be saved by minimizing waste
Lean is a system of effectively organizing time and space in Commercial
Construction
Focuses on Collaboration across all Phases of Construction with all
Stakeholders to minimize waste
Performance Oversight Measures are Integral to Success
http://vimeo.com/63199577
25. www.construxsolutions.com 25
FOCUS IS ON ELIMINATION OF WASTE
Of the 3, Labor Costs are the largest “Risk” in the Construction Estimate.
Labor Costs are the most highly correlated to cost fluctuations.
Lean Construction is a system designed to minimize labor costs, by adding efficiencies.
Managing Labor Cost Variances result in a Competitive Advantage in Construction
27. www.construxsolutions.com 27
LEAN PLANNING
CPM scheduling is not enough, since CPM is Hypothetical;
CPM schedules should be used as a basis for Lean Planning
It is necessary to plan in real time to adjust and account for real world scenarios.
Weekly Collaboration/Review Meetings are Required
̶ Beginning of the Week: 3-6 week look ahead / “Pull Planning” / Collaboration Sessions with
Field Team (PM’s, Supers, Foreman, Subs) to figure out near term schedules;
̶ Teams should discuss efficiencies, incorporate risk into activity durations, and determine
deliveries to prepare a “collaborated” 6 week plan (that all parties can agree to)
̶ Teams are left to Perform the next week in line with what was discussed;
̶ End of the week performance reviews should be held between Scheduler’s, PM’s and Field
members/Subs.
̶ Need to discuss impacts, correction measures and Rate Performance (info/data to be used for
following week’s meeting).
Understanding Impacts is imperative to achieve for Lean Planning
32. www.construxsolutions.com 32
PRESENTED BY: MICHAEL PINK
Contact Info:
C: 404 277 4387
O: 404 329 3000
mpink@construxsolutions.com
Feel free to contact me directly if
you have any additional questions
Sign up for our upcoming courses:
— Data Management and Performance Analysis
— Delay Analysis in Construction
— Construction Claims Review/Prep
Follow us on LinkedIn for more info.