This document discusses products from Globalchimica for concrete protection, bridge and dam rehabilitation, and waterproofing. It provides details on epoxy, polyurethane, and polyester products for injection grouting, crack repair, structural strengthening, and protective coatings of concrete structures like dams, bridges, and foundations. Applications described include crack injection, structural repair, surface protection, and waterproofing of infrastructure subjected to water pressure or chemical exposure. Product information and application photos are presented.
The document discusses different types of landfill liners used to prevent leachate from contaminating groundwater. It describes single liner systems using clay or geomembrane, single composite liners using two layers like clay and geomembrane, and double composite liners for hazardous waste with two complete liner systems separated by a drainage layer. Key liner materials discussed are clay, geomembranes, geotextiles, geonets and geogrids. Construction and sealing of clay and geomembrane liners is also outlined.
This document discusses duty of water and delta. It defines duty as the area of crop irrigated per unit of water, while delta is the total water required for a crop during its growth period. It then explains the relationship between duty and delta using an equation. Finally, it lists and describes 12 factors that can affect the duty of water, such as method of irrigation, crop type, soil conditions, and climate.
Green Stormwater Infrastructure (GSI) is a method of water management that imitates the natural water cycle by using plants, soil, and other natural elements to absorb water runoff. This approach reduces flooding of stormwater runoff and helps prevent water pollution to local resources like streams, rivers, and lakes. Learn more about GSI in this presentation.
This document discusses using GIS to evaluate and map soil erosion. It describes several GIS-based models used to estimate soil loss, including the Distributed soil erosion model, Modified USLE, Gully Surface Growth, and Gully Head Advance models. It also discusses how the RUSLE model has been integrated with GIS for soil loss estimation by using input raster files for rainfall erosivity, soil erodibility, topographic factors, crop management factors, and practice factors. Case studies are presented on evaluating soil erosion in Taita Hills, Kenya and mapping erosion risk in dam watersheds in Turkey, with findings that erosion risk decreased over time in some areas due to increased vegetation cover or conservation measures.
Reservoir sedimentation & its controlZahinRana
This document discusses reservoir sedimentation and its control. It begins with an introduction that defines a reservoir as an enlarged natural or artificial lake or pond created by a dam to store water. It then explains that reservoirs experience sedimentation as rivers carry sediment from erosion that is deposited in the reservoir, reducing its storage capacity over time. The document outlines the types of sediment as suspended or bed load. It lists the causes of sedimentation as the nature of catchment soils, vegetation cover, topography, rainfall intensity and land cultivation. Finally, it discusses methods to control sedimentation such as proper design, sediment control structures, and sediment removal.
Automatic vehicle location (AVL) systems track and report vehicle locations accurately to help supervise, control, and communicate with vehicles. This helps monitor vehicle status and prevent illegal activities or problems. AVL systems collect data, preprocess it, analyze it, and apply the results. They inform supervisors of vehicle locations and routes, detect accidents, and monitor driver behavior like speeding or taking long breaks. AVL is useful for managing large fleets in industries like shipping, banking, and oil, helping increase profitability. While expensive to install, AVL provides long-term benefits to businesses by keeping track of vehicle conditions and driver actions.
Lecture notes of Environmental Engineering-II as per Solapur university syllabus of TE CIVIL.
Prepared by
Prof S S Jahagirdar,
Associate Professor,
N K Orchid college of Engg and Technology,
Solapur
Runoff is that portion of the rainfall or irrigation water which leaves a field either as surface or as subsurface flow. When rainfall intensity reaching the soil surface is less than the infiltration capacity, all the water is absorbed in to the soil. As rain continues, soil becomes saturated and infiltration capacity is reduced, shallow depression begins to fill with water, then the overland flow starts as runoff.
The document discusses different types of landfill liners used to prevent leachate from contaminating groundwater. It describes single liner systems using clay or geomembrane, single composite liners using two layers like clay and geomembrane, and double composite liners for hazardous waste with two complete liner systems separated by a drainage layer. Key liner materials discussed are clay, geomembranes, geotextiles, geonets and geogrids. Construction and sealing of clay and geomembrane liners is also outlined.
This document discusses duty of water and delta. It defines duty as the area of crop irrigated per unit of water, while delta is the total water required for a crop during its growth period. It then explains the relationship between duty and delta using an equation. Finally, it lists and describes 12 factors that can affect the duty of water, such as method of irrigation, crop type, soil conditions, and climate.
Green Stormwater Infrastructure (GSI) is a method of water management that imitates the natural water cycle by using plants, soil, and other natural elements to absorb water runoff. This approach reduces flooding of stormwater runoff and helps prevent water pollution to local resources like streams, rivers, and lakes. Learn more about GSI in this presentation.
This document discusses using GIS to evaluate and map soil erosion. It describes several GIS-based models used to estimate soil loss, including the Distributed soil erosion model, Modified USLE, Gully Surface Growth, and Gully Head Advance models. It also discusses how the RUSLE model has been integrated with GIS for soil loss estimation by using input raster files for rainfall erosivity, soil erodibility, topographic factors, crop management factors, and practice factors. Case studies are presented on evaluating soil erosion in Taita Hills, Kenya and mapping erosion risk in dam watersheds in Turkey, with findings that erosion risk decreased over time in some areas due to increased vegetation cover or conservation measures.
Reservoir sedimentation & its controlZahinRana
This document discusses reservoir sedimentation and its control. It begins with an introduction that defines a reservoir as an enlarged natural or artificial lake or pond created by a dam to store water. It then explains that reservoirs experience sedimentation as rivers carry sediment from erosion that is deposited in the reservoir, reducing its storage capacity over time. The document outlines the types of sediment as suspended or bed load. It lists the causes of sedimentation as the nature of catchment soils, vegetation cover, topography, rainfall intensity and land cultivation. Finally, it discusses methods to control sedimentation such as proper design, sediment control structures, and sediment removal.
Automatic vehicle location (AVL) systems track and report vehicle locations accurately to help supervise, control, and communicate with vehicles. This helps monitor vehicle status and prevent illegal activities or problems. AVL systems collect data, preprocess it, analyze it, and apply the results. They inform supervisors of vehicle locations and routes, detect accidents, and monitor driver behavior like speeding or taking long breaks. AVL is useful for managing large fleets in industries like shipping, banking, and oil, helping increase profitability. While expensive to install, AVL provides long-term benefits to businesses by keeping track of vehicle conditions and driver actions.
Lecture notes of Environmental Engineering-II as per Solapur university syllabus of TE CIVIL.
Prepared by
Prof S S Jahagirdar,
Associate Professor,
N K Orchid college of Engg and Technology,
Solapur
Runoff is that portion of the rainfall or irrigation water which leaves a field either as surface or as subsurface flow. When rainfall intensity reaching the soil surface is less than the infiltration capacity, all the water is absorbed in to the soil. As rain continues, soil becomes saturated and infiltration capacity is reduced, shallow depression begins to fill with water, then the overland flow starts as runoff.
This document describes the table method for estimating runoff. It involves using tables to determine peak runoff rates based on watershed characteristics like soil type, slope, and land cover. The tables are separated based on watershed shape - square, broad and short, or long and narrow. Users first determine the watershed characteristics score from Table 1, then find the peak discharge rate in the appropriate watershed shape table by matching the score and area. Two examples are provided to demonstrate calculating runoff rates using this method.
The document discusses methods for determining the optimal orientation of a runway based on wind data. Wind data is collected over many years and displayed on a wind rose diagram showing wind direction and speed. A transparent strip representing the allowable crosswind component is placed over the diagram in different directions. The orientation with the highest total percentage of time that winds are within the crosswind limit, plus calm periods, is selected as the optimal runway orientation. Having wind coverage over 95% of the time may require a second runway to be built for safety.
This document discusses different types of earth and rockfill dams. It describes rolled fill dams which are constructed by compacting soil in thin layers. Homogeneous dams consist of a single material throughout while zoned dams have distinct core, shell, and filter zones. Diaphragm dams contain an impervious core like a thin wall. Key elements of earth dam design include the top width, freeboard, slopes, central core, and downstream drainage system.
1. Crop water requirement is the water needed by plants for survival, growth, development and producing economic parts, which can be supplied naturally through precipitation or artificially through irrigation.
2. Irrigation water functions include supplying water for crop needs, cooling soil and plants, providing water for transpiration, dissolving minerals for nutrition, providing oxygen for metabolism, and serving as an anchor for roots.
3. Duty, which is the area irrigated by 1 cubic meter per second of water, decreases from the head of the water course to the head of the canal due to losses from evaporation and percolation as water flows through irrigation channels.
This document discusses reservoir sedimentation. It begins by defining reservoirs and classifying them. It then explains how sedimentation occurs as rivers carry sediments that are deposited when the river flow is blocked by a reservoir. This leads to a reduction in water storage capacity over time. The document lists indicators of reservoir sedimentation and discusses trap efficiency. It also outlines the different forms of sediment transport in rivers and the impacts of reservoir sedimentation, such as reduced storage and hydroelectric power generation. In conclusion, sedimentation diminishes storage capacity and benefits of the reservoir over the long run.
This document discusses reservoir planning and design. It describes how reservoirs are created by constructing dams across rivers. Investigations including engineering surveys, geological studies, and hydrological analyses are conducted. Reservoirs have different levels like full reservoir level and minimum drawdown level. Storage zones include live, dead, and flood storage. Methods to determine reservoir capacity and yield using mass inflow and demand curves are presented. Factors affecting reservoir sedimentation and management techniques are outlined. Flow routing methods like graphical and trial and error are described to model flood waves passing through reservoirs. Spillway types including free overfall are also summarized.
There is basic introduction about environmental geotechnology. This is the new allied branch of geotechnical engineering which is dealing with hydrology, environmental engineering as well as lithological formations. In some aspects it is also relate with microbiology as well called geomicrobiology.
This new area of geotechnical engineering can contribute to sustainability to the environment, economy of the ground improvement technology n many other fields as well.
Module 1 provides an introduction to hydrology and precipitation. It defines hydrology as the science dealing with the occurrence, circulation and distribution of water on Earth. The hydrologic cycle and water budget equation are introduced. Applications of hydrology in engineering include estimating water resources, studying processes like precipitation and runoff, and addressing problems like floods and droughts. Precipitation is also defined and different types and measurement methods are discussed.
This document discusses the use of geographic information systems (GIS) in water resource management and assessment. It provides examples of GIS applications in watershed management, groundwater assessment, flood management, and water quality studies. It then describes a case study that developed a GIS-based decision support system to assess watershed runoff in the Kk3 Macro Watershed in India. Key steps included delineating sub-watersheds, creating soil and land use maps, determining hydrologic response units, computing runoff, and generating thematic runoff maps. The system allows users to update rainfall data and evaluate variations in spatial runoff distribution over time.
The document discusses several major hydrologic models: HSPF, HEC, and MIKE. It provides details on HSPF (Hydrological Simulation Program–Fortran), including its data requirements, capabilities, parameters, and components. It also describes some key HEC (Hydrologic Engineering Center) models and their functions. Finally, it discusses the capabilities and components of HEC-HMS (Hydrologic Modeling System), which simulates rainfall-runoff processes.
The document discusses hydrology and the hydrologic cycle. It begins by defining hydrology as the science of water and its movement on the Earth. It then describes the key components of the hydrologic cycle, including evaporation, precipitation, infiltration, transpiration, and the various stages water passes through as it circulates from the oceans to the atmosphere and back again. Engineering applications of hydrology are also mentioned such as flood control and selecting dam sites. Measurement of rainfall is discussed, along with different types of rain gauges used to collect precipitation data.
A taxiway connects runways, aprons, hangars, and terminals at an airport to allow aircraft to move between facilities. There are geometric design standards for taxiways including length, width, safety area width, gradients, sight distances, and turning radii. The International Civil Aviation Organization provides recommendations for these standards including that taxiway widths be less than runway widths, longitudinal gradients not exceed 1.5% for smaller airports and 3% for larger airports, and sight distances along taxiways allow visibility of 300 meters for smaller airports and 250 meters for larger airports.
This document provides an overview of bandhara irrigation systems in India. It discusses the key components and types of bandhara systems, including solid and open bandhara. Solid bandharas are constructed to fully raise the water level upstream and have no openings, while open bandharas can raise the water level and also allow water to flow through by removing needles. The document outlines the typical components of bandhara systems and considerations for selecting sites, and discusses the advantages of being an economical localized irrigation method and disadvantages like potential water wastage.
Get PPT here
What is the WSM method?
In the working stress method, the stress-strain curve is assumed to be linear to the yield stress. To overcome the problems and damages due to uncertainty in design, permissible stress is kept as a fraction of the yield stress. As factor of safety is the ratio of yield stress to working stress, the members of the structure are sized to keep stresses within the permissible value.
The working stress method is the oldest systematic analytical design method. Although IS 800-2007 gives more details and preferences to limit state method, it also permits the use of the working stress method wherever the limit state method is not practically adaptable.
In Limit State Method, structure should be able to carry and withstand all the loads which will act on it throughout its life. Structure should not suffer total collapse under any kind of accidental loads such as explosions.
Evapotranspiration estimation with remote sensingIqura Malik
This document provides an overview of estimating evapotranspiration (ET) using remote sensing. It discusses several methods and satellites used for deriving ET estimates remotely, including the Landsat, MODIS, Sentinel-2, and MSG programs. The MOD16 and LSA-SAF MSG algorithms for calculating ET from MODIS and MSG data respectively are described in detail. A case study is mentioned that compares ET estimates from the MOD16 and LSA-SAF MSG products.
tunnelling scope, construction techniques and necessityShashank Gaurav
This document discusses tunnel construction methods and planning. It describes the main types of tunnels based on application and construction method. The key construction methods covered are cut-and-cover, pipe jacking, shield tunneling, New Austrian tunneling method, and immersed tube tunneling. For each method, the document outlines the construction sequence, advantages, and disadvantages. Proper planning stages including investigations and alignment selection are also emphasized.
Taxiways provide pathways for aircraft movement between parts of an airfield. They include apron taxiways around aircraft parking areas and exit taxiways connecting runways. Design considerations for taxiways include layout, width, longitudinal and transverse gradients, sight distances, safety areas, and separation clearances. Taxiway geometry is specified by standards bodies like ICAO based on airport class. Proper design ensures safe and efficient aircraft ground movements.
This document discusses runway orientation and design considerations. It states that runways are oriented in the direction of prevailing winds to maximize lift during takeoff and landing. Key factors in determining runway orientation include wind data, maps, fog characteristics, and wind coverage. Runway length and width specifications are provided by airport type, along with safety area dimensions. Guidelines are also given for runway gradients, sight distances, and taxiway design.
Permeability and factors affecting permeability roshan mankhair
Permeability is the property of soil that allows water to flow through it, denoted by 'K'. Factors that affect permeability include grain size, properties of pore water, temperature, void ratio, stratification, entrapped air/organics, adsorbed water, degree of saturation, shape of particles, and structure of the soil mass. Permeability generally increases with larger grain size, higher temperatures, and void ratios, and decreases with stratified layers perpendicular to flow, entrapped air/organics, adsorbed water, partial saturation, angular particles, and dispersed soil structures.
Canals are classified into different types based on factors which are as follows :
Based on the nature of the supply source
Based on functions
Based on the type of boundary surface soil
Based on the financial output
Based on discharge
Based on canal alignment
Aleksey Shibanov is a sales manager and translator with experience in Latin America and the Caribbean. He has over 10 years of professional experience including positions in consulting, tourism, hospitality, and education. He is seeking a new role as a sales specialist where he can apply his skills in English, Spanish, and Russian along with his strong sales, negotiation, and client relations experience.
There are many advisory firms in the market, which super Tips such as Stock Tips, Forex Tips and Commodity Tips but Trifid Research is one of the company which always thing about client profits and make future relationship.
This document describes the table method for estimating runoff. It involves using tables to determine peak runoff rates based on watershed characteristics like soil type, slope, and land cover. The tables are separated based on watershed shape - square, broad and short, or long and narrow. Users first determine the watershed characteristics score from Table 1, then find the peak discharge rate in the appropriate watershed shape table by matching the score and area. Two examples are provided to demonstrate calculating runoff rates using this method.
The document discusses methods for determining the optimal orientation of a runway based on wind data. Wind data is collected over many years and displayed on a wind rose diagram showing wind direction and speed. A transparent strip representing the allowable crosswind component is placed over the diagram in different directions. The orientation with the highest total percentage of time that winds are within the crosswind limit, plus calm periods, is selected as the optimal runway orientation. Having wind coverage over 95% of the time may require a second runway to be built for safety.
This document discusses different types of earth and rockfill dams. It describes rolled fill dams which are constructed by compacting soil in thin layers. Homogeneous dams consist of a single material throughout while zoned dams have distinct core, shell, and filter zones. Diaphragm dams contain an impervious core like a thin wall. Key elements of earth dam design include the top width, freeboard, slopes, central core, and downstream drainage system.
1. Crop water requirement is the water needed by plants for survival, growth, development and producing economic parts, which can be supplied naturally through precipitation or artificially through irrigation.
2. Irrigation water functions include supplying water for crop needs, cooling soil and plants, providing water for transpiration, dissolving minerals for nutrition, providing oxygen for metabolism, and serving as an anchor for roots.
3. Duty, which is the area irrigated by 1 cubic meter per second of water, decreases from the head of the water course to the head of the canal due to losses from evaporation and percolation as water flows through irrigation channels.
This document discusses reservoir sedimentation. It begins by defining reservoirs and classifying them. It then explains how sedimentation occurs as rivers carry sediments that are deposited when the river flow is blocked by a reservoir. This leads to a reduction in water storage capacity over time. The document lists indicators of reservoir sedimentation and discusses trap efficiency. It also outlines the different forms of sediment transport in rivers and the impacts of reservoir sedimentation, such as reduced storage and hydroelectric power generation. In conclusion, sedimentation diminishes storage capacity and benefits of the reservoir over the long run.
This document discusses reservoir planning and design. It describes how reservoirs are created by constructing dams across rivers. Investigations including engineering surveys, geological studies, and hydrological analyses are conducted. Reservoirs have different levels like full reservoir level and minimum drawdown level. Storage zones include live, dead, and flood storage. Methods to determine reservoir capacity and yield using mass inflow and demand curves are presented. Factors affecting reservoir sedimentation and management techniques are outlined. Flow routing methods like graphical and trial and error are described to model flood waves passing through reservoirs. Spillway types including free overfall are also summarized.
There is basic introduction about environmental geotechnology. This is the new allied branch of geotechnical engineering which is dealing with hydrology, environmental engineering as well as lithological formations. In some aspects it is also relate with microbiology as well called geomicrobiology.
This new area of geotechnical engineering can contribute to sustainability to the environment, economy of the ground improvement technology n many other fields as well.
Module 1 provides an introduction to hydrology and precipitation. It defines hydrology as the science dealing with the occurrence, circulation and distribution of water on Earth. The hydrologic cycle and water budget equation are introduced. Applications of hydrology in engineering include estimating water resources, studying processes like precipitation and runoff, and addressing problems like floods and droughts. Precipitation is also defined and different types and measurement methods are discussed.
This document discusses the use of geographic information systems (GIS) in water resource management and assessment. It provides examples of GIS applications in watershed management, groundwater assessment, flood management, and water quality studies. It then describes a case study that developed a GIS-based decision support system to assess watershed runoff in the Kk3 Macro Watershed in India. Key steps included delineating sub-watersheds, creating soil and land use maps, determining hydrologic response units, computing runoff, and generating thematic runoff maps. The system allows users to update rainfall data and evaluate variations in spatial runoff distribution over time.
The document discusses several major hydrologic models: HSPF, HEC, and MIKE. It provides details on HSPF (Hydrological Simulation Program–Fortran), including its data requirements, capabilities, parameters, and components. It also describes some key HEC (Hydrologic Engineering Center) models and their functions. Finally, it discusses the capabilities and components of HEC-HMS (Hydrologic Modeling System), which simulates rainfall-runoff processes.
The document discusses hydrology and the hydrologic cycle. It begins by defining hydrology as the science of water and its movement on the Earth. It then describes the key components of the hydrologic cycle, including evaporation, precipitation, infiltration, transpiration, and the various stages water passes through as it circulates from the oceans to the atmosphere and back again. Engineering applications of hydrology are also mentioned such as flood control and selecting dam sites. Measurement of rainfall is discussed, along with different types of rain gauges used to collect precipitation data.
A taxiway connects runways, aprons, hangars, and terminals at an airport to allow aircraft to move between facilities. There are geometric design standards for taxiways including length, width, safety area width, gradients, sight distances, and turning radii. The International Civil Aviation Organization provides recommendations for these standards including that taxiway widths be less than runway widths, longitudinal gradients not exceed 1.5% for smaller airports and 3% for larger airports, and sight distances along taxiways allow visibility of 300 meters for smaller airports and 250 meters for larger airports.
This document provides an overview of bandhara irrigation systems in India. It discusses the key components and types of bandhara systems, including solid and open bandhara. Solid bandharas are constructed to fully raise the water level upstream and have no openings, while open bandharas can raise the water level and also allow water to flow through by removing needles. The document outlines the typical components of bandhara systems and considerations for selecting sites, and discusses the advantages of being an economical localized irrigation method and disadvantages like potential water wastage.
Get PPT here
What is the WSM method?
In the working stress method, the stress-strain curve is assumed to be linear to the yield stress. To overcome the problems and damages due to uncertainty in design, permissible stress is kept as a fraction of the yield stress. As factor of safety is the ratio of yield stress to working stress, the members of the structure are sized to keep stresses within the permissible value.
The working stress method is the oldest systematic analytical design method. Although IS 800-2007 gives more details and preferences to limit state method, it also permits the use of the working stress method wherever the limit state method is not practically adaptable.
In Limit State Method, structure should be able to carry and withstand all the loads which will act on it throughout its life. Structure should not suffer total collapse under any kind of accidental loads such as explosions.
Evapotranspiration estimation with remote sensingIqura Malik
This document provides an overview of estimating evapotranspiration (ET) using remote sensing. It discusses several methods and satellites used for deriving ET estimates remotely, including the Landsat, MODIS, Sentinel-2, and MSG programs. The MOD16 and LSA-SAF MSG algorithms for calculating ET from MODIS and MSG data respectively are described in detail. A case study is mentioned that compares ET estimates from the MOD16 and LSA-SAF MSG products.
tunnelling scope, construction techniques and necessityShashank Gaurav
This document discusses tunnel construction methods and planning. It describes the main types of tunnels based on application and construction method. The key construction methods covered are cut-and-cover, pipe jacking, shield tunneling, New Austrian tunneling method, and immersed tube tunneling. For each method, the document outlines the construction sequence, advantages, and disadvantages. Proper planning stages including investigations and alignment selection are also emphasized.
Taxiways provide pathways for aircraft movement between parts of an airfield. They include apron taxiways around aircraft parking areas and exit taxiways connecting runways. Design considerations for taxiways include layout, width, longitudinal and transverse gradients, sight distances, safety areas, and separation clearances. Taxiway geometry is specified by standards bodies like ICAO based on airport class. Proper design ensures safe and efficient aircraft ground movements.
This document discusses runway orientation and design considerations. It states that runways are oriented in the direction of prevailing winds to maximize lift during takeoff and landing. Key factors in determining runway orientation include wind data, maps, fog characteristics, and wind coverage. Runway length and width specifications are provided by airport type, along with safety area dimensions. Guidelines are also given for runway gradients, sight distances, and taxiway design.
Permeability and factors affecting permeability roshan mankhair
Permeability is the property of soil that allows water to flow through it, denoted by 'K'. Factors that affect permeability include grain size, properties of pore water, temperature, void ratio, stratification, entrapped air/organics, adsorbed water, degree of saturation, shape of particles, and structure of the soil mass. Permeability generally increases with larger grain size, higher temperatures, and void ratios, and decreases with stratified layers perpendicular to flow, entrapped air/organics, adsorbed water, partial saturation, angular particles, and dispersed soil structures.
Canals are classified into different types based on factors which are as follows :
Based on the nature of the supply source
Based on functions
Based on the type of boundary surface soil
Based on the financial output
Based on discharge
Based on canal alignment
Aleksey Shibanov is a sales manager and translator with experience in Latin America and the Caribbean. He has over 10 years of professional experience including positions in consulting, tourism, hospitality, and education. He is seeking a new role as a sales specialist where he can apply his skills in English, Spanish, and Russian along with his strong sales, negotiation, and client relations experience.
There are many advisory firms in the market, which super Tips such as Stock Tips, Forex Tips and Commodity Tips but Trifid Research is one of the company which always thing about client profits and make future relationship.
This document provides a list of photo credits from various photographers including Yogendra174, Pete Reed, See-ming Lee gN`f SML, Haags Uitburo, kdonovangaddy, MTSOfan, 401(K) 2013, 4GB ‰•hQ, and Jkadavoor (Jee). It encourages the reader to get started creating their own Haiku Deck presentation on SlideShare.
The document discusses the politics around slavery in the 1850s that exacerbated tensions between the North and South and eventually led to the Southern states' secession and the Civil War. It covers the Compromise of 1850 that admitted California as a free state but also strengthened the Fugitive Slave Act; the Underground Railroad network that helped slaves escape; influential figures like Harriet Tubman; pivotal court cases and debates that intensified sectional divisions; John Brown's raid on Harper's Ferry; and Lincoln's election which prompted several Southern states to secede and form the Confederacy with Jefferson Davis as president.
Per Eirik Aune enrolled in the Management Training program in Business Process Management at the Norwegian School of Management BI's Executive School in 1998. He completed two courses as part of the program: the Management Training Program for Netcom, for which he earned 6 credits with a grade of 2.40 in the fall of 1998, and the same course in the fall of 1998 for which he earned 4 credits with a grade of 2.50. In total he earned 10 credits for the program and achieved a grade point average of 2.44.
Irish and other European immigrants played important roles in Westward expansion in the 19th century. Many Irish immigrants came during the Great Potato Famine and lived in poor conditions in cities on the East Coast. They took difficult and dangerous jobs building railroads and mining in the West that others did not want. While they faced exploitation and discrimination, Irish immigrants ultimately helped settle communities throughout the Western United States through their hard work on railroads and in mines.
Native Advertising 101: Clearing up the Murkiness - WTF Native NYC, 11/3/15Digiday
This document discusses native advertising and provides guidance on best practices. It defines native advertising as paid ads that are designed to blend into the design and behavior of the platform so users feel they belong. The document outlines the main types of in-feed native ads and provides research findings that show consumers prefer relevance and transparency in native ads. It recommends that native ads match the style and quality of editorial content, share brand expertise rather than selling, and be transparent about authorship and sponsorship.
This article provides an in-depth profile of actress Rochelle Aytes and her role on the TV show Mistresses. Some key details:
- Aytes plays the role of April, a widow and single mother, on the show Mistresses. She was drawn to the role because of April's strength and complexity.
- Aytes attributes her success in the competitive entertainment industry to her strong work ethic, determination, and embracing her calling as a performer. She stays grounded by spending time with family and friends from her childhood in Harlem.
- Aytes discusses the challenges of being an African American actress and often only being offered one of the few black roles. However, she feels opportunities for black actresses
Building an Activity Feed with CassandraMark Dunphy
Mark Dunphy discusses the evolution of the Activity Feed system at Behance from MongoDB to Cassandra. The initial MongoDB implementation worked well for the smaller user base in 2011 but struggled with node failures, disk fragmentation, and downtime as the system scaled. Cassandra was chosen to replace it due to its scalability, performance, and ease of maintenance. Dunphy details the process of learning Cassandra, modeling the data, and developing a strategy for writes and reads that allowed the system to handle thousands of writes and reads per second while serving the Activity Feed to users.
Highspeed-Projekte für die MedizintechnikFrank Lange
Eröffnungs-Keynote auf der Konferenz "Anforderungsmanagement in der Medizintechnik 2015"
Die immer stärker werdenden regulatorischen Anforderungen in der Medizintechnik haben bei viele Unternehmen eine Negativspirale in Gang gesetzt: Projektverzögerungen und damit verbunden späte Markteinstiege erschweren es, die Innovationsführerschaft in einer Marktnische zu übernehmen. Der daraus entstehende Kostendruck führt zu Aktionismus und Überlastung der Mitarbeiter, was weitere Projektverzögerungen mit sich bringt. Ein Teufelskreis entsteht, der mit jeder Runde schwerwiegendere negative Effekte erzeugt.
Es gibt einen einfachen Weg, diese Negativspirale zu durchbrechen: Fokus. Ein klares Unternehmensziel. Weniger Projekte im Portfolio, dafür solche mit der größten Wertschöpfung für das Gesamtunternehmen. Eindeutig priorisierte und testbare Anforderungen in jedem Projekt, die dem Kunden einen wirklichen Mehrwert bieten. Kommen Sie mit auf die Reise, um den wichtigsten ersten Schritt für ihr Unternehmen zu gehen und ab sofort Goldnuggets zu finden statt Goldstaub zu suchen.
The document describes various waterproofing systems and solutions from LAMANNA Luigi Franco. It provides details on several product lines including GLOBALFOAM, GLOBALSTONE, GLOBALPOX, and GLOBALCOAT for applications such as cavity filling, water sealing, sealing and structural bonding of fissures and cracks, protective coatings, and more. The products can be used for tunnel lining segments, bridges, dams, and other infrastructure projects to provide durability and prevent water infiltration for over 100 years.
Globalchimica produces chemical products for construction, mining, and tunneling. It has a research lab and quality control processes. Key products include:
- Fire resistant foams for cavity filling, waterproofing cracks, and consolidating rocks.
- Low viscosity resins for sealing cracks, bonding bolts, and consolidating unstable rock and soil. The resins cure quickly to load bolts.
- Technical and commercial support is provided through a partnership for tunneling and mining projects.
THE ITALIAN EXPERTS IN THE SERVICE OF SAFETY IN OIL, BRIDGES, DAMS, MINES AND TUNNELING
Mr. LAMANNA Luigi Franco
INDEPENDENT CONSULTANT TUNNELING , MINING AND OIL
SPECIALIZED IN MECHANIZED TUNNELING WITH HARD ROCK
TBM AND SOFT SOIL EPB SHIELDS
EXPERT AND CONSULTANT IN STRUCTURAL REINFORCEMENT
(WOOD, MASONRY AND CONCRETE)
LAMANNA Luigi Franco, performs for 40 years professional consulting and technical direction in the various sectors of civil, industrial, military, hydraulics, railway, highway and in the last 20 years in the sector of “tunneling” and “mining” on the correct use of special “resins” and related technologies for consolidation, repair and maintenance of masonry, concrete, iron and wood.
Is the author of numerous scientific publications and is always engaged in the study and development of “innovative materials” and related techniques and technologies used.
Lamanna Luigi Franco is a technical sales manager and independent consultant for Globalchimica, an Italian manufacturer of chemical products for construction, mining, and tunneling. The document discusses Globalchimica's resin products like Globalfoam and Globalstone used for applications like cavity filling, water sealing, rock consolidation, and bolting in tunneling and mining projects. It provides technical data on the resins and summarizes several case studies on projects where the resins were used for structural reinforcement and ground treatment.
Luigi Franco Lamanna is an independent technical consultant specializing in airport pavement maintenance. His document discusses types of pavement defects like surface defects, deformations, cracks, and patching. It also summarizes techniques for repairing defects caused by freeze-thaw cycles using protective coatings. The coatings are able to improve the behavior of bituminous layers and distribute stresses. Lamanna provides details on applying these coatings in a continuous process without joints to protect surfaces from weathering, wear, and pressure.
This document discusses mining accidents and safety equipment used in mining. It provides information on resin injection products for consolidating rock, filling cracks and cavities, and waterproofing. The document lists past mining accidents around the world and describes how modern technology like rock bolting and resin injection can help prevent future tragedies by stabilizing unstable ground and structures. It discusses products like Globalstone and Globalfoam resins that are used for applications like sealing cracks, cavity filling, rock bolting, and waterproofing reservoirs and aqueducts.
The document discusses various resin products for rock reinforcement, waterproofing, and cavity filling, including GLOBALFOAM-SP, GLOBALFOAM-WR, GLOBALFOAM-PU-NF, GLOBALSTONE, and GLOBALSTONE-LV50. It provides details on their chemical compositions and applications in tunneling, mining, and foundation engineering for tasks like sealing cracks, filling voids, rock stabilization, and water conveyance. It also discusses principles of rock bolting and uses of the resins for bonding anchor rods, bolts, and securing tunnel roofs and ribs.
This document discusses various foam and resin products used for filling voids, consolidating soils, and waterproofing in tunneling and underground mining applications. It provides details on several products including Silex-330-Foam, PU-8402-Foam, and PU-8408-FR-Foam, describing their properties such as expansion capacity, reaction times, densities, and suitability for use in water-filled environments. The document also mentions a new implosion separation technology for extracting rare earth minerals that is highly sustainable and energy efficient.
Ground support is necessary when voids (empty spaces) are created underground. Some means of support is required
in order to maintain the stability of the openings that are excavated.
The competeny of the rock being mined will determine how large a void may be created and what ground support
methods will be necessary to maintain a safe working environment.
This document discusses various mining methods and technologies. It describes longwall mining, continuous mining equipment, surface and underground mining methods. It provides examples of typical mining operations and modeling a mineral field. It discusses blasting methods and advanced longwall mining. It focuses on rock reinforcement techniques like rock bolting and shotcreting. It also describes tunnel boring machines and their use in hard rock tunneling. Organo-mineral foam is discussed for strata consolidation and rock reinforcement.
Monarch's technologically advanced MonoProof waterprooing systems cover every need of Building & Construction industry to protect from water ingress or loss of water through structures. The complete building structures from basement to roof are protected from rising dampness, moisture, seepages and leakages from basement to roof. The technology ranges to acrylic SBR latex, crystalline, epoxy, water repellant polysiloxanes, polyurethane and bituminous based formulations. The coating fills and seals concrete pores, micro cracks and capillary tracts in joints, walls and floors through which water seep through and forms an integral waterprooing compound without breaking the existing brickbat coba and concrete screed.
Features
Excellent resistance to hydrostatic pressure.
Reduces water and chemicals permeability.
Protection from water ingress at high water table areas.
Protection from freeze-thaw cycles, corrosion, aggressive groundwater, sea water, carbonates, chlorides, sulfates and nitrates.
Can be applied to either new or existing concrete as a coating (from the positive or negative side).
Application
Retaining walls
Foundation walls
Parking decks
Garden roofs
Cooling tower
Terrace
Basement / Foundation
Undergrond Tank
Overhead Tank
Reservoir
Ponds & Pools
Drink & Clean water storage tanks
Roofs
Balconies
Wet rooms like bathrooms
kitchens
Tunnels
Podiums
External/InteriorWalls
M/s Monarch Industrial Products (I) Pvt. Ltd.,
Post Box No.3,
No. 25, SIDCO Industrial Estate,
THENI - 625 531,
TAMIL NADU, INDIA
Skype ID : monarchindia.net
Linked-in ID : contact@monarchindia.net
WhatsApp : +(91)-9600992069
(+91) - 96009-92069
(+91) - 04546 - 251020, 250076
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Toll-Free:1800 - 425 - 1070
THE SOLUTION ILLUSTRATED IN THE
NEXT SLIDE ILLUSTRATES HOW TO
CREATE A BARRIER (GLOBALSTONELV50)
THAT ISOLATES THE NUCLEAR
POWER PLANT, PREVENTING THE
CONTAMINATION OF GROUNDWATER
AND ANYTHING ELSE FOR MANY YEARS
The document discusses various geosynthetic solutions from GSE for mining applications, including geomembranes, geosynthetic clay liners, geocomposites, and geogrids that provide leak detection, drainage, reinforcement, and containment for heap leach pads, solution ponds, tailings storage facilities, and other mining operations. It highlights specific GSE products like their high temperature geomembrane, leak location liner, geosynthetic clay liner, and minedrain geocomposite and explains how these products install more quickly and perform better than traditional materials while preventing environmental damage and loss of valuable resources.
Mechanical Face Seals for Seawater, Oil-Sand Separator & High abrasive Applic...sapparts
This new generation Metal Face Sealing product by SAP Parts™ involves highly sophisticated technology for manufacturing that involve “S-Phase” Plasma Nitriding of the surface.
https://www.sapparts.com/
This document discusses different types of soil conditioning agents used in tunnel boring machines (TBMs), including foams, polymers, and bentonite slurries. It provides details on specific products such as GLOBALFOAM-AS, GLOBALFOAM-HG, and GLOBALCRYL-46 polymers. These conditioning agents are injected at various points in the TBM process to improve performance by reducing wear, improving soil flow, and enhancing stability. Proper conditioning can lead to more uniform pressure, better groundwater control, and easier handling of excavated soil.
STAR Coatings & Membranes Pvt. Ltd. is a company that has been providing concrete solutions for 10 years and supports construction in 6 countries. It develops high-quality, eco-friendly specialty chemicals to revolutionize the construction industry. The company's products include admixtures, waterproofing coatings and membranes, grouting products, and more. STAR works to meet the demanding needs of construction through extensive research and testing with a focus on quality, service, and exclusivity.
The document is about ICO India Ltd, a market leader in construction chemicals including paint, waterproofing, heat proofing, and cleaning products. Some of their popular products are WPC-99 for waterproofing and dampness control, ICS-99 for crack sealing, and WAC-99 for waterproofing and protective coating. They provide solutions for professionals in construction industries as well as consumers for terrace waterproofing, external walls, bathrooms, and other areas. The company aims to meet current and future customer needs through innovation and technology while contributing to improved lifestyles.
Metal bridge decks must be perfectly waterproofed to protect the sheet metal from corrosion.
If in addition the bridge is subjected to heavy, intense traffic, the surface course will also be
required to withstand traffic-induced stresses such as rutting. Few processes can withstand such
treatment. The complex stresses to which these metal structures are subject make it very difficult
to devise a suitable technical solution.
Eurovia has developed an exclusive solution that can meet the most stringent requirements:Orthoplast.
I state that I am not looking for candidate but for a "Trust Structure" such as "Trust Company" or "Brokerage Services" or similar that has the skills and knowledge to comunicate with the top management of the Board of two of the most important business credit institutions of the world by capitalization, in the top 10, for the liquidation of some very important "assets", in US currency which, this Foundation, holds the "Power of Attorney".
In my long professional career of almost 45 years, in addition to underground structures, I also had to deal with the structural rehabilitation of bridges, viaducts, embankments, earth and concrete dams.
Therefore, through this new post, I would like to begin to address the problems inherent in the degradation of the concrete of our above-ground infrastructures, using particular resinous and cementitious formulations for the construction, repair and restoration of bridges.
This document discusses polymeric materials for constructing fallout shelters to withstand nuclear radiation. It proposes a new material called Structural Polymer Concrete (SPC) Series 4.0 that has compressive strengths exceeding reinforced concrete, reaching up to 3,000 kg/cm2. SPC 4.0 is proposed as an ideal material for anti-nuclear bunkers due to its high strength and ability to resist effects of nuclear explosions like shock waves, heat, and radiation better than traditional reinforced concrete structures. The document provides details on the formulation and performance characteristics of SPC 4.0 that make it suitable for nuclear fallout shelters.
In 2005, through the pages of a prestigious Italian trade magazine, I turned to readers, if they were aware of how many methods of excavating underground tunnels, with mechanized cutters, could exist in the complex world of mechanical engineering of the subsoil.
Even today, after 17 years, I have received only a few positive feedbacks.
Up to now, the advantage of excavating with circular mechanized cutters arises from the guarantee because we are able to know the structural stability for any type of tunnel. In practice, it has been possible for many years to create tunnels with different cross sections, rather than circular ones.
In fact, it is possible to design, and at the same time excavate, tunnels with rectangular and oval sections, taking into account that, in the underground excavation, there are always stress states that are little known to most of us, even if we are technicians in the sector.
New emerging problems linked to sustainability and innovation are the development of a new concept of underground excavation, developed in the last 30 years, with particular mechanized cutters to create very versatile tunnels, with different types of configurations. The 3 types of excavation machines most used and known today, for the type of soil on which they must operate, are illustrated below, in figure 01) [Silt & Clay, Sand, Gravel and Rock]
As a technician I try to illustrate my geopolitical vision on why there is a lack of raw materials worldwide, recalling that today the technologies used in the mining sector are very advanced compared to yesterday despite the fact that mining companies lack a unified vision and often struggle to use the scarce resources made available on digital investments.
However, despite the mistrust of many mining companies, I would like to point out that it is still possible, especially in this world scenario, to complete any process of technological innovation that is constantly evolving, as is digitization, which is now possible even in 6G mode [where, compared to 5G, speeds of about 206.25 gigabits per second can be reached] as well as artificial intelligence, on which I urge you to pay your attention, because these are the technologies that will help us change many things quickly to get more efficient mines.
In fact, by integrating more access technologies, covering a larger physical space, it is by providing the best basic capacity, such as communication, to be able to go up to the great depths of the subsoil and the sea, with modern equipment that will be increasingly mechanized, in robotic mode, supporting multiple services, not only necessary for excavation, but all this also contributes to greater operator safety and all in "Green" mode.
This is where the policy must be concentrated, towards the company, helping it, with new targeted investments and new regulations, to evolve its organizational characteristics over time and therefore its ability to manage innovation processes, through the modification of new proposals of law to help us coordinate research and innovation on a global level and not for the conquest of new territories, through absurd wars.
The earth's subsoil and the seabed are the resources of all of us and, starting with the creation of a virtual union, worldwide, in which we will all be interconnected and, if we can manage the flow of data in reproducing any object, created to support the reproduction of mixed mining environments between real and virtual, with human-machine interaction in real time, we can really have a significant reduction in costs and very reduced times, in a controlled way, in search of all those minerals that we need, including the "Rare Earths", even without the use of manpower and with the use of fewer and fewer components.
However, my intent is only to begin to do some clarity with you, to make environmental friends better understand and not only that the ways in which environmental issues are addressed today are currently only instrumental, borrowed from some politicians and from politics, because, these gentlemen still have not realized what we are talking about and discussing.
Mr. LAMANNA Luigi Franco Mr. LAMANNA Luigi Franco has worked in these 45 years as a professional consultant and technical management activity in the various civil, industrial, military, hydraulic, railway, motorway sectors and in the last 25 years in the "Tunneling" sector for land consolidation. , their stabilization in excavation, etc.
For the "Mining" sector, in recent years it has been dealing with the extraction of "Rare Earths" and for the stabilization of slopes [open pit mines], consolidation of the rock support, shotcrete, particular
injections with cements or formulations resinous while, in the "Engineering" of particular "Technologies", for the rehabilitation of deteriorated reinforced concrete structures, following earthquakes or other causes, in particular concrete or earth dams.
Particular attention is paid to the use of special and formulated "resinous" cements and related technologies for the consolidation and repair of masonry, iron and wood.
Polymers are commonly used to condition soils excavated by EPB tunnel boring machines (TBMs). Laboratory tests are required to determine the appropriate polymer dosage and conditioning parameters for different soil types. Polyacrylamides (PAs) and partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (PHPA) polymers are often used due to their ability to form gels when hydrated and interact with soil particles. PHPA polymers can disperse clays and flocculate clayey soils. Proper conditioning with polymers helps maintain pressure at the excavation face, reduces cutter head friction, and facilitates soil removal.
In 2005, through the pages of a prestigious Italian trade magazine, I turned to readers, if they were aware
of how many methods of excavating underground tunnels, with mechanized cutters, could exist in the
complex world of mechanical engineering of the subsoil.
Even today, after 17 years, I have received only a few positive feedbacks.
The FOUNDATION will create an INNOVATIVE INDUSTRIAL CENTER to support ECO-SUSTAINABLE and ECO-INNOVATIVE projects through research and development of new integrated architecture protocols for air, subsoil and seabed using sixth generation technologies involving participatory startups. The center's objectives are exclusively focused on research and development to innovate humanity and the planet through digital transformation and augmenting the human experience with new materials.
Rock Reinforcement is used to indicated method of enhancing the rock mass strength and hence improving the ability of rock mass to contain the engineering excavation without deforming excessively.
Rock Support is used to indicated method of applying supporting loads or displacement constraints as additional structural elements, so that the engineering excavation retains its integrity.
Commonly an anti-nuclear shelter, equipped with particular technological systems, which ensure the complete aseptic air inside it, is indicated as a housing solution to avoid contamination by nuclear radiation during an armed conflict with the use of unconventional weapons. .
The envelope is usually made from a load-bearing structure in reinforced concrete and built directly underground, in depth, to make the most of the shielding action of the ground to defend itself from contamination by chemical weapons and biological weapons and thus avoid contact with every source of pollution and ensure the survival of the occupants for a very variable period of time.
In the event of a nuclear disaster, the release of radioactive substances [radioisotopes] does not happen all at once, but continues over time in the form of gases, vapors and dust. Hence, our exposure to radioactivity is prolonged and depends on the strength and direction of the winds and on our proximity or distance from the place where the nuclear disaster occurred.
Usually the lining, for this type of excavation, using TBM-EPB, is made with prefabricated concrete segments, and through this memory, I would like to suggest a new technology and related methodology using, instead of the "Pel-Gravel", of the lightweight cellular concrete / concrete CLC [Reported by ACI Committee 523].
What is very important is that even this type of proposed material must also be able to influence the interaction between the support [which is the rock] and the excavation behavior along the tunnel layout.
Let's start this article with the problems of water infiltration through cracks that occur in prefabricated segments after the assembly phase in a new tunnel under construction.
As illustrated several times, in tunnels, especially in metropolitan areas, it very often happens that excavation works must be carried out below the aquifer level, sometimes at quite high pressures. This is a problem that requires a lot of attention on the part of the designer and the executors, since due to the presence of a pitch, the following can occur:
- problems during the excavation phase;
- problems related to alteration of the aquifer;
- problems with infiltration through the joints and / or cracks that occur in the prefabricated segments due to poor execution of the same or for other reasons.
According to Japanese researchers from the Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology there are between 80 and 100 billion tons of rare earths at a depth of between 3,500 and 6,000 meters below the botton of the Pacific Ocean in an area that lies beneath the jurisdiction of Hawaii, east of Tahiti in an area under the jurisdiction of French Polynesia and in the Japanese seabed.
At this depth, between 4 and 6 thousand meters, in addition to the presence of rare earths, there are expanses of polymetallic nodules [1], which are chemical sedimentary rocks, siliceous-metalliferous, spherical or lenticular, characterized from a dark crust of black, bluish or brown color, and from an average diameter of 5 cm and which may contain different percentages of minerals depending on the magma from which the degassing originates (they continuously form where clack-smokers are present) .
I would like to point out that in the vicinity of these black-smokers, typical of the oceanic ridge areas, the temperature goes from 400° C up to 1,000° C and the acidity of the sea water is so low that it touches a pH of 2, 8.
Según investigadores japoneses de la Agencia Japonesa de Ciencia y Tecnología Marina-Terrestre, hay entre 80 y 100 mil millones de toneladas de tierras raras a una profundidad de entre 3,500 y 6,000 metros por debajo del fondo del Océano Pacífico en un área que se encuentra debajo de la jurisdicción. de Hawai, al este de Tahití en un área bajo la jurisdicción de la Polinesia Francesa y en el fondo marino japonés.
A esta profundidad, entre 4 y 6 mil metros, además de la presencia de tierras raras, existen extensiones de nódulos polimetálicos [1], que son rocas sedimentarias químicas, silíceo-metalíferas, esféricas o lenticulares, caracterizadas por una corteza oscura de De color negro, azulado o marrón, y de un diámetro medio de 5 cm y que pueden contener diferentes porcentajes de minerales en función del magma del que se origina la desgasificación (se forman de forma continua donde hay clac-fumadores).
Me gustaría señalar que en las cercanías de estos fumadores negros, típicos de las zonas de cordilleras oceánicas, la temperatura va desde los 400 ° C hasta los 1.000 ° C y la acidez del agua de mar es tan baja que toca un pH de 2, 8.
The immediate future of humanity, in my opinion, must not be projected towards the conquest of space but must be directed towards the subsoil of the earth. From now until 2050, the demand for minerals will increase by more than 300% and extraction will grow at unprecedented rates.
Worldwide there is already a real "hunting" for new materials, in particular those called "rare earths", because they can replace, as already happens in certain industrial and strategic sectors [1] those that are normally used as a source of energy together with other minerals [2], always present in the subsoil, but less valuable.
Before moving on to the repair techniques and materials to be used for the reinforcement of the "cortical layer" of concrete, inside a railway tunnel, it is necessary to make a premise premising that, although many repair techniques are known, they are very different from each other when you are in the presence of a road tunnel, made of traditional or fiber-reinforced concrete, and a hydraulic or railway tunnel, made of prefabricated self-supporting ashlars or traditional reinforced concrete, where, overall, in particular, the concept of durability is enormously different.
PUBLICATION IN ITALIAN AND ENGLISH
In the construction and design of a tunnel, the preliminary study of the rock mass along its route cannot be ignored because it is necessary, first of all, even in the first phase of the design, to consider the various aspects: functional, environmental, social, economic, etc. .
However, the fundamental part is given by the behavior of the geological formations, also in relation to water, which must be studied and analyzed both from a geological and geotechnical point of view. These are the most important factors to consider both in the design and construction phase of a tunnel. In particular:
- crossing of faults and milonitized areas with the presence of fluid-plastic soil;
- strong floods of water;
- gas inflows.
NAME:
-Luigi Franco LAMANNA,
SOCIAL POSITION:
-Independent Consultant Tunneling , mining and Oil specialized in mechanized tunneling with Hard Rock TBM and Soft Soil EPB Shields, -Expert and consultant in structural reinforcement (wood, masonry and concrete),
-Chief Executive Officer the FONDAZIONE INTERNAZIONALE DI CENTRO STUDI E RICERCHE - NGO,
ADDRESS:
- Via dei Serpenti 132, 00184 Rome, Italy,
-Phone: +39 06 4742581,
-e-mail: lamannaluigifranco1@gmail.com
Brief description on the anchoring and nailing of the rock during the excavation of railway tunnels with the traditional NATM Method (New Austrian Tunneling Method).
In Italian and English
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4. CONSOLIDATION OF FONDATION
REFURBISHMENT AND REHABILITATION OF CONCRETE
BRIDGES AND DAMS
CONCRETE PROTECTION AND WATERPROOFING
SOLUTIONS
All photos illustred are copied from the WEB
5. LIST SPECIFIC PRODUCTS (GLOBALCHIMICA) FOR THE BEST SOLUTION TECHNIQUE:
GLOBALPOX – I - 10/128
GLOBALPOX - STUCCO
GLOBALPOX - MALTA
GLOBALPUR – RP - 10/161
IMPREGNANTE - 15/199
GLOBALCOAT – HR - 90
GLOBALSTONE - LV50 and M
GLOBALFOAM-PU-NF
GLOBALPOX-TAR
All photos illustred are copied from the WEB
6. All photos illustred are copied from the WEB
DAMS
Uses for reservoirs – Hydroelectric power
7. SEALING WITH
“GLOBALPOX-STUCCO”
NEW INJECTIONS OF RESIN "GLOBALSTONE-LV50"
WHY THOSE MADE WITH CEMENTITIOUS MIXTURES
BY THE TIME IS NOT STABLE AND EASILY LEACHES
THE PNEUMATIC DRIVEN
SINGLE PLUNGER PUMP
GLOBALSTONE-LV50
8. IN RED SHOWS THE CRACKS CAUSED BY SETTING OF THE DAM
THE ONLY ACTION AVAILABLE IS THE INJECTION OF RESIN “GLOBALPOX-I-10/128” OR “GLOBALSTONE-LV50”
OPENING JOINTS
FISSURES
10. WATERPROOFING AND PROTECTIVE TREATMENT WITH “GLOBALCOAT-HR-90” AND “GLOBALPOX-TAR”
GLOBALPOX-TARGLOBALCOAT-HR-90
11. DETAIL OF THE DISPLACEMENT OF THE SURFACE
CAUSED BY HYDRAULIC ABRASIVE PROCESSES
REPAIR OF CONCRETE WITH CORTICAL
“GLOBALPOX-MALTA” + PROTECTIVE
TREATMENT WITH “GLOBALCOAT-HR-90” OR
“GLOBALPOX-TAR”
DAM
DAM
12. ACTION SEQUENCE:
1 – SANDBLASTING THE CONCRETE
SURFACE DETERIORATED
2 – PROTECTIVE TREATMENT WITH
“GLOBALCOAT-HR-90” OR
“GLOBALPOX-TAR”
17. PART. “A”
CARPENTRY PLATE TO LOSE
PART. “A”
CONSOLIDATION OF THE
STRUCTURE WITH INCREASE
IN THE RESISTANCE OF
“GLOBALPOX-MALTA”
DRILLING BENEATH THE EXISTING FOUNDATIONS -
INJECTION OF RESIN IN THE CONSOLIDATING
LAND IN THE BACKGROUND WITH “GLOBALSTONE-LV50”
OR “GLOBALFOAM-PU-NF”
PROTECTIVE TREATMENT AGAINST
AGGRESSION MARINE
“GLOBALCOAT-HR-90”
18. ILLUSTRATION OF THE PARTICULAR DETAILS OF “A” PREVIOUS SLIDE
SECTION OF THE PILLAR
EXISTING STRUCTURE
“GLOBALPOX-MALTA”
CARPENTRY PLATE TO LOSE
“GLOBALCOAT-HR-90”
NEW STEEL STRUCTURE
ANCHORING THE
OLD CONCRETE
“GLOBALPOX-MALTA”
21. LOW VISCOSITY EPOXY SYSTEM, APPLICABLE BY LOW PRESSURE INJECTION, SUITABLE FOR
CONSOLIDATING STRUCTURES IN CONCRETE, STONE, ASBESTOS-CEMENT, WOOD,
REFRACTORY MATERIALS. IT HARDENS ALSO AT LOW TEMPERATURE AND IN DAMP
ENVIRONMENT. VERY HIGH CHEMICAL AND MECHANICAL RESISTANCE AND LONG POT LIFE.
PASTE TYPE STRUCTURAL EPOXY ADHESIVE FOR CONCRETE, STONE, METAL, WOOD.
SOLVENT AND SHRINKAGE FREE PRODUCT, WITH VERY HIGH MECHANICAL STRENGTH,
APPLICABLE ALSO ON VERTICAL SURFACES AND CEILINGS.
EASY MIXING RATIO 1:1 WEIGHT/VOLUME.
33. DETAIL OF ANCHOR IN HEAD TAIL OF ANCHOR IN
HEAD – PART. D
DETAIL OF ANCHOR SEAT OF BIAS
PART. C
34. VISION OF CANAL BRIDGE WORKS COMPLETED
UNDER CONSTRUCTION YARD TO BEGIN WORK
35. VISION OF THE STATE OF DETERIORATION OF THE BRIDGE CHANNEL, AND
DURING ERECTION OF SCAFFOLDING
36. BONDING OF STEEL PLATES
WITH “GLOBALPOX-STUCCO”
OTHER SOLUTION WITH INCREASE IN THE
RESISTANT CASTING MOLDS WITHIN THE
“GLOBALPOX-MALTA”
37. TWO COMPONENTS ELASTOMERIC POLYURETHANE MEMBRANE, 100% REACTIVE, SOLVENTS
AND PLASTICIZERS FREE.
THE PRODUCT IS APPLICABLE ONLY BY HIGH PRESSURE SPRAYING MACHINES, DUE TO
ITS SHORT CURING TIME (FULLY CURED IN 30 MINUTES AT 25°C).
WHEN CURED, “GLOBALCOAT-HR-90” HAS EXCELLENT CHEMICAL AND MECHANICAL
PROPERTIES, IT IS TOTALLY STABLE AGAINST ABRASION AND ABSOLUTELY WATER-
PROOF, BUT IT RETAINS GOOD WATER VAPOUR PERMEABILITY.
MAIN APPLICATIONS:
• CONCRETE WATER-PROOFING
• PIPES PROTECTION
• ROAD BED WATER-PROOFING
• OFF-SHORE PROTECTION
• ASBESTOS CEMENT MATERIAL COVERING
• SEALING OF JOINTS AND CRACKS
• PARKINGS COVERING
• BACKWATER TANKS
• COVERING AND WATERPROOFING OF ROOFS AND TERRACES
• COVERING AND WATERPROOFING OF BRIDGES AND VIADUCTS
• CHEMICAL PLANTS PROTECTION
AllphotosillustredarecopiedfromtheWEB
39. TWO COMPONENTS ELASTOMERIC POLYURETHANE MEMBRANE, 100% REACTIVE, SOLVENTS
PLASTICIZERS AND BITUMINOUS MATERIALS FREE. “ELASTOPUR-PL-80” MUST BE APPLIED IN
A THICKNESS NOT LOWER THAN 3 MM. ONCE CURED, THE PRODUCT/THE COVERING HAS AN
EXCELLENT CHEMICAL AND MECHANICAL RESISTANCE, IT’S TOTALLY STABLE AGAINST
ABRASION AND ABSOLUTELY WATER-PROOF, BUT IT RETAINS GOOD WATER VAPOUR
PERMEABILITY.
MAIN APPLICATIONS:
• CONCRETE WATER-PROOFING
• ROAD FRAME WATER-PROOFING
• ASBESTOS CEMENT MATERIAL POVERINO
• PARKINGS COVERING
• COVERING AND WATERPROOFING OF ROOFS AND TERRACES
• COVERING AND WATERPROOFING OF BRIDGES AND VIADUCTS
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40. TWO-COMPONENT EPOXY MORTAR THAT CAN BE FILLED (IN CONCRETE MIXER) WITH SILICEOUS
AGGREGATE; IT IS SUITED FOR RESTORING OF CARRYING STRUCTURES SUBJECTED TO HIGH
MECHANICAL STRESS, BUILDING OF BEDPLATES, REPAIR OF STEEL-COVERING ON DETERIORATED
CONCRETE STRUCTURES, BUILDING OF BLOCKS, HIGH-RESISTANCE REINFORCEMENTS, BEARING
FOR BEAMS AND RAILS, CONCRETE-CONCRETE/WOOD-CONCRETE/STEEL-CONCRETE GLUEING.
BEFORE PUTTING THIS PRODUCT IN CONCRETE MIXER, IS NECESSARY TO MIX THOROUGHLY
COMPONENT A AND B USING A LOW-SPEED MOTOR (I.E. HAND DRILL) DRIVING A MIXING SCREW.
THE RIGHT FILLING RATIO GOES FROM 1:1 (1 PART MORTAR + 1 PART SILICEOUS AGGREGATE)
TO 1:2 (1 PART MORTAR + 2 PARTS SILICEOUS AGGREGATE).
OPTIMAL GRANULOMETRY OF SILICEOUS AGGREGATE IS 1÷3 MM.
AFTER POURING MORTAR IN CAISSON IS NECESSARY TO COMPACT THE MASS USING PLASTERING
TROWELS OR VIBRATORS.
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41.
42. ROCK INJECTION
- Fast setting pre-injection systems
- Cavity filling
- Ground stabilization
ANCHORING
- Perfect for vertical and overhead grouting
- Rock bolting
INJECTION
- Pre-injection for water stopping and ground consolidation
- Post-injection for strata consolidation, cavity filling and water stopping
FIELDS OF APPLICATION IN TUNNELING, MINING, OIL, GAS AND FOUNDATION
ENGINEERING
- Sealing of cracks, sealing against water, sealing against pressing water, sealing of
excavations, sealing against gas, sealing of anchor heads, installation of injection
anchors, rock stabilization, injections in unconsolidated ground, rock consolidation,
filling of cavities, TBM excavations, .............
43. GLOBALFOAM-SP
Organic-mineral two components resin foam, characterized by low viscosity, excellent chemical
stability, mechanical resistance and good adhesion on rock stabilization, cavity filling, protection
and water proofing of reservoirs and aqueducts, water conveyance in water bearing stratum.
GLOBALFOAM WR-NF
Polyurethane resin, self-estinguishing, suited for sealing of cracks, joints, cavity filling, and for
consolidation of crushed manufacture made of stone or cement, in presence of dampness.
In contact with water starts a chemical reaction that forms a closed-cells consolidating foam,
which is waterproof and has a good chemical stability.
GLOBALFOAM PU-NF
Two-component polyurethane injection foaming-resin, self-extinguishing, ensuring high
reactivity, excellent mechanical strength and chemical stability; designed for waterproofing and
consolidation of rocks, friable land and structures affected by high-pressure water, as well as to
convey water in aquifers and fill voids and cavities.
It penetrates into the smaller fissures and seals them even against significant water infiltration.
It always hardens, with or without water .It forms a stable, resistant, hard yet flexible foam,
characterised by high chemical-mechanical stability.
44. GLOBALSTONE-M and GLOBALSONE-LV50
SEALING AND STRUCTURAL BONDING OF FISSURES AND CRACKS (FLEX) - STRATA CONSOLIDATION
Organic-mineral two components resin, not expansible, characterized by low viscosity, excellent
chimica stability, mechanical resi stance and flexibility. Ideal for water-proofing fractured rock,
consolidation of loose land and rock, crack and cavity filling. Especially suitable for bonding
injection drill bolts because the resins cure within just a few minutes and the bolt can be loaded in
a very short time. FIRE RESISTANT.
GLOBALPOX -TAR
Two-component, solvent-free product formulated with fluid epoxy resins modified with special
hydrocarbon extenders.
Highly suitable for protective, anti-corrosion and waterproofing coating of concrete, fibre-cement,
brickwork, steel and wood surfaces.
Due to its very good properties with regard to adhesion and resistance to acid and alkali solutions,
this product is used for thickness-paint coating of sewer trunk lines, biologic pits, road surfacing
underlayers, gres flooring underlayers, industrial roofing, drainage water container tanks (also if
contaminated by oil residues), salt water tanks, structures extending underground,
decontamination installations.
“Globalpox-Tar” can reticulate completely also at low temperatures (down to + 5° c); it is also
recommended for for use indoors since, being free from solvents, prevents fire hazard.
45. GLOBALPOX-MALTA
Two-component epoxy mortar that can be filled (in concrete mixer) with siliceous aggregate; it is
suited for restoring of carrying structures subjected to high mechanical stress, building of bedplates,
repair of steel-covering on deteriorated concrete structures, building of blocks, high-resistance
reinforcements, bearing for beams and rails, concrete /woodconcrete /steel-concrete glueing.
Before putting this product in concrete mixer, is necessary to mix thoroughly component “a” and “b”
using a low-speed motor (i.e. hand drill) driving a mixing screw. the right filling ratio goes from 1: 1 (1
part mortar + 1 part siliceous aggregate) to 1: 2 (1 part mortar + 2 parts siliceous aggregate).
Optimal granulometry of siliceous aggregate is 1 ÷ 3 mm.
After pouring mortar in caisson is necessary to compact the mass using plastering trowels or vibrators.
46.
47. GLOBALCHIMICA SRL is an Italian limited liability company, etablished in 1949 and
situated in Lombardore, in the North of Italy, at 20 Km from Turin and 180 Km from
Genoa, one of the bigger port of Italy. Manufacturer of chemical products for the
building, mould making and mining/tunnelling sector, Globlachimica’s factory size is of
4.500 covered square meters on a total surface of 9.700 m2.
LAMANNALUIGIFRANCO
TechnicalSalesManagerofGLOBALCHIMICADPTTunnelandMining
48. GLOBALCHIMICA SRL has consolidated experience on the mains markets, exporting since
1980 in Eastern Europe, North and South America, Mid East and Southeast Asia, with an export
percentage of 60 - 70 % on the total annual sales.
Internal structure of the Company is essencial but efficent. With 10 specialized employees on
the production line, team of R&D, Commercial - Export department, and Administration.
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT (R&D) : GLOBALCHIMICA SRL has a modern research
and development laboratory, for controlling raw materials and finished products. This allows, to
carry out elaborate organic syntheses independently in the preparation of special raw materials
and complex formulae.
QUALITY CONTROL: Company’s main purpose is customer satisfaction. To realize this aim,
helped from equipments endowed with very high technology, products are subjected to a
process to verify that all the mains features are satisfied (Density, Viscosity, Consistency,
Dynamometer tests, FTIR and other spectral controls, Chemical analysis, etc.).
TECHNICAL COMMERCIAL DEPARTMENT: E.P.C. CONSULTING SRL (Exclusive world) –
Manager: Lamanna Luigi Franco Beside internal commercial-export department, profitable is a
cooperation for Tunnelling and Mining sector with engineers and commercial assistants located
in ROME (ITALY).
CERTIFICATION : since the end of 2007, GLOBALCHIMICA SRL is working to develop ISO
9001 certification, obtained at the beginning of 2010.
49. Company is shared in 4 divisions :
•Tunneling and mining : Resins for stabilising ground/rock before and after conventional
digging or with TBM through injections.
•Building : GLOBALCHIMICA SRL produces a comprehensive range of paints, protective
coatings and special formulae for building and various purposes, including waterproofing road
planking, terrace roofs, car parks, tanks, aqueducts, protective coating of bridges, viaducts,
facings, forced ducts, corrosion-proofing of chemical and industrial plants; low, medium and
high thickness coating of industrial and domestic floors, structural consolidation of major
construction works (tunnels, bridges, viaducts, railways), monumental and civil restoration.
•Mould making : Production and marketing of Room Temperature Vulcanizing RTV2 silicone
rubbers and polyurethane rubbers for moulds and matrices. Epoxy formulae for moulds and
matrices.
•Defense : Production of special paints suited for protection and camouflage of military
equipments.
50. LAMANNA Luigi Franco, performs for 40 years professional consulting and technical
direction in the various sectors of civil, industrial, military, hydraulics, railway,
highway and recent years in the sector of “tunneling” and “mining” on the correct
use of special “resin” and related technologies for consolidation, repair and
maintenance of masonry, concrete, iron and wood.
Is the author of numerous scientific publications and is always engaged in the study
and development of “innovative materials” and related techniques and technologies
used.
51. - MAINTENANCE OF AIRPORT PAVEMENTS, ROAD TRANSPORT AND CONDUCTIVE/DISSIPATIVE
PAVEMENTS
- INJECTION RESINS SYSTEM IN TUNNELLING, MINING AND CIVIL ENGINEERING
- DAMS and BRIDGES – CONCRETE REPAIRS, CONCRETE PROTECTION AND REINFORCEMENT
OF STRUCTURAL CONCRETE, WATERPROOFING
- SOLUTIONS FOR PRE-EXCAVATION GROUTING IN ROCK TUNNELING AND MINING
52. Provide strong engineering solutions for our clients by
planning, designing and supervising construction of
infrastructure projects in the fields of energy, transportation,
resources, urban and public sector development.
- Hydropower - Tunnels
- Railways - Mining
- Roads - Bridges
LAMANNALUIGIFRANCO
IndependentTechnicalConsultant
53. Luigi Franco, Mr. LAMANNA
132, via dei Serpenti – 00184 ROME, ITALY, U.E.
INDEPENDENT TECHNICAL CONSULTANT
Tunnelling Consultant Specialized in Mechanized Tunnelling with
Hard Rock TBM and Soft Soil EPB Shields
Expert and Consultant in structural reinforcement and repair
E-mail: lamannaluigifranco1 @ gmail.com - epc.consulting.italia @ gmail.com
THE ITALIAN EXPERTS IN THE SERVICE OF SAFETY IN OIL, BRIDGES, DAMS, MINES ANDTUNNELING