The MAP longitudinal study examines the health and well-being of adolescents involved with child protective services. It finds that childhood maltreatment negatively impacts development, with females generally showing greater impairment. Maltreated females in the study report more delinquent behaviors, self-harm such as cutting, and experience of teen dating violence than their non-maltreated peers. Symptoms of post-traumatic stress from childhood trauma appear to mediate the relationship between maltreatment and negative outcomes like dating violence.
Madridge Journal of AIDS (ISSN: 2638-1958); This pilot study investigated the efficacy of cognitive group interventions in reducing traumatic stress and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission behaviors in HIV seropositive women survivors of childhood sexual abuse.
Madridge Journal of AIDS (ISSN: 2638-1958); This pilot study investigated the efficacy of cognitive group interventions in reducing traumatic stress and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission behaviors in HIV seropositive women survivors of childhood sexual abuse.
Childhood Maltreatment and PTSD Literature Review and Proposed StudyAlexandraPerkins5
This literature and proposed study explores several research articles relating to childhood maltreatment and PTSD. The second section proposes a hypothetical study to further explore a gap identified in the literature review.
This briefing overviews the research on the extent, consequences, risks and prevention strategies for family violence with a focus on preventing family violence in North Carolina.
The linkages among childhood maltreatment, adolescent mental health, and self...Christine Wekerle
The linkages among childhood maltreatment, adolescent mental health, and self-compassion: The Maltreatment and Adolescent Pathways (MAP) Longitudinal Study
Childhood Maltreatment and PTSD Literature Review and Proposed StudyAlexandraPerkins5
This literature and proposed study explores several research articles relating to childhood maltreatment and PTSD. The second section proposes a hypothetical study to further explore a gap identified in the literature review.
This briefing overviews the research on the extent, consequences, risks and prevention strategies for family violence with a focus on preventing family violence in North Carolina.
The linkages among childhood maltreatment, adolescent mental health, and self...Christine Wekerle
The linkages among childhood maltreatment, adolescent mental health, and self-compassion: The Maltreatment and Adolescent Pathways (MAP) Longitudinal Study
At SES Lighting, we are experienced in all types of Parking Garage LED Lighting Projects. Check out the following photos from a recently completed job!
ArticlePTSD Symptoms Mediate the RelationshipBetween Sex.docxrossskuddershamus
Article
PTSD Symptoms Mediate the Relationship
Between Sexual Abuse and Substance Use
Risk in Juvenile Justice–Involved Youth
Jasmyn Sanders
1
, Alexandra R. Hershberger
2
, Haley M. Kolp
3
, Miji Um
2
,
Matthew Aalsma
4
, and Melissa A. Cyders
2
Abstract
Juvenile justice–involved youth face disproportionate rates of sexual abuse, which increases the risk of post-traumatic stress
disorder (PTSD) and substance use disorders (SUDs), both of which are associated with poor long-term outcomes. The present
study tested two mediation and moderation models, controlling for age, race, and history of physical abuse, with gender as a
moderator, to determine whether PTSD symptoms serve as a risk factor and/or mechanism in the relationship between sexual
abuse and substance use. Data were examined for 197 juvenile justice–involved youth (mean age ¼ 15.45, 68.9% non-White,
78.4% male) that completed court-ordered psychological assessments. Results indicated that PTSD symptoms significantly
mediated the relationship between sexual abuse and drug (b ¼ 3.44, confidence interval [CI] [0.26, 7.41]; test for indirect
effect z ¼ 2.41, p ¼ .02) and alcohol use (b ¼ 1.42, CI [0.20, 3.46]; test for indirect effect z ¼ 2.23, p ¼ .03). PTSD
symptoms and gender were not significant moderators. Overall, PTSD symptoms mediate the relationship between sexual
abuse and SUDs in juvenile justice–involved youth, which suggests viability of targeting PTSD symptoms as a modifiable risk
factor to reduce the effects of sexual abuse on substance use in this high-risk population.
Keywords
sexual abuse, substance use, PTSD, youth, juvenile justice
Substance use disorders (SUDs) occur in approximately 60% of
juvenile justice–involved youth (Substance Abuse and Mental
Health Services Administration, 2016; Teplin et al., 2005).
This is particularly problematic, as juvenile justice–involved
youth with SUDs face a host of negative outcomes, some of
which include increased likelihood of having a co-occurring
severe mental illness (e.g., manic episode and psychosis;
Teplin, Abram, McClelland, Dulcan, & Mericle, 2002),
increased likelihood of recidivism (Conrad, Tolou-Shams,
Rizzo, Placella, & Brown, 2014), and increased likelihood of
engagement in sexual risk-taking behaviors, compared to youth
in the general population (Teplin et al., 2005). Although there
are multiple potential explanations for the high prevalence of
SUDs in this population, such as genetic risk or social norms in
line with substance use (Kendler, Prescott, Myers, & Neale,
2003), emerging research suggests sexual abuse victimization
may be one risk factor for the development of SUDs in juvenile
justice–involved youth.
The prevalence of sexual abuse victimization in juvenile
justice–involved youth is high, with 31% of girls and 15% of
boys (Baglivio et al., 2014; Dierkhising et al., 2013) in the
juvenile justice system reporting a history of sexual abuse.
Extensive research on adolescent and .
Discussion Question PHL 1010 150 WORDS1. Describe an example of.docxelinoraudley582231
Discussion Question PHL 1010 150 WORDS
1. Describe an example of a time when you pointed out another person’s mistake. How can you tell whether another person is merely making a mistake or purposely trying to deceive you? What happened in this case? Your explanations should have reasons that support them that use information you learned in this course that apply to this event in your life.
Information Systems Management
Question 6
1. Describe any four rights of users of information systems.
Your response should be at least 200 words in length.
Question 7
1. Explain what is meant by outsourcing. Explain the management advantages of outsourcing.
Your response should be at least 200 words in length.
Discussion Question -150 WORDS
Identify an assignment in this course that had a positive impact on you. How will you be able to apply the skills you learned from it to gain life and/or career success?
Week 3 –Article – Posttraumatic stress in children and adolescents exposed to family violence
Posttraumatic stress in children and adolescents exposed to family violence: I. Overview and issues.
Authors:
Margolin, Gayla, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, US, [email protected]
Vickerman, Katrina A., University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, US
Address:
Margolin, Gayla, Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, SGM 930, Los Angeles, CA, US, 90089-1061, [email protected]
Source:
Couple and Family Psychology: Research and Practice, Vol 1(S), Aug, 2011. pp. 63-73.
Publisher:
US : Educational Publishing Foundation
ISSN:
2160-4096 (Print)
2160-410X (Electronic)
Language:
English
Keywords:
child physical abuse, complex trauma, developmental trauma disorder (DTD), domestic violence, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
Abstract:
Exposure to child physical abuse and parents' domestic violence can subject youth to pervasive traumatic stress and can lead to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This article presents evolving conceptualizations in the burgeoning field of trauma related to family violence exposure and describes how the often repeating and ongoing nature of family violence exposure can complicate a PTSD diagnosis. In addition, recent literature indicates that children exposed to family violence may experience problems in multiple domains of functioning and may meet criteria for multiple disorders in addition to PTSD. Considerations salient to the recognition of traumatic stress in this population and that inform assessment and treatment planning are presented. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2013 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract)
Subjects:
*Child Abuse; *Disorders; *Domestic Violence; *Physical Abuse; *Posttraumatic Stress Disorder; Childhood Development; Emotional Trauma
PsycINFO Classification:
Neuroses & Anxiety Disorders (3215)
Population:
Human
Age Group:
Childhood (birth-12 yrs)
Adolescence (13-17 yrs)
Grant Sponsorship:
Sponsor: Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of .
Wekerle CIHR Team - Child Sexual Abuse & Adolescent Development: Moving from ...Christine Wekerle
Child Sexual Abuse & Adolescent Development: Moving from Trauma To Resilience - Findings from The Maltreatment and Adolescent Pathways (MAP) Research Study
1Running Head FINAL PROPOSAL CHILD ABUSE AND ADULT MENTAL HEAL.docxdrennanmicah
1
Running Head: FINAL PROPOSAL: CHILD ABUSE AND ADULT MENTAL HEALTH
2
FINAL PROPOSAL: CHILD ABUSE AND ADULT MENTAL HEALTH
Diamond Newton
Southern New Hampshire University
March 3, 2019
Problem Statement
Several adults struggle from a variety of mental health issues (suicidal thoughts and tendencies, alcoholism, depression, and drug abusers.) A lot of those issues may stem from what took place during an adult’s childhood that stem from a variety of reasons. Some adults seek help and some refuse to seek help. The adults who do seek help come to realize that their current issues stem from when they were a child and still developing as a human. Child abuse can come in many forms, physical, mental, and sexual. Adults who have been exposed or experienced this are likely to suffer from some form of mental health issue. It is important to figure out the root of mental health issues in adults so the root can be addressed. Children need to be in a healthy environment with nothing short of love and care. Exposing children to a harsh reality is only breeding them into an adult who suffers from mental health issues.
Literature Review
The study of psychology helps researchers to understand better what is going on with a person. Researchers studied what happened in a person's life that causes them to make the decisions they do and behave in a certain way. Adults have this stigmatism that they can do whatever they want because they are "grown." Many adults suffer from something that can cause to lead towards suicidal thoughts and tendencies, alcoholism, depression, and drug abusers. A lot of those issues may stem from what took place during an adult’s childhood. There could be some reasons adults tend to display certain mental health traits that have been studied in many different forms by researchers. What we will be reviewed is the abuse, physical or mental, that an adult endured as a child and how it affects them in their adulthood.
Blanco, C., Grant, B. F., Hasin, D. S., Lin, K. H., Olfson, M. Sugaya, L. (2012) recognized that child physical abuse had been associated with an increased risk of suicide attempts. The study conducted included Blacks, Hispanics and young adults between the ages of 18-24 in 2001-2002 and 2004-2005. In person, interviews were conducted in Wave 1. In Wave 2 used similar methods as Wave 1 but it excluded the individuals who were not eligible. Wave 2 also interviews went into depth about the questions asked for the participants first 17 years of life. There are many other variables that have been added to the data that relate to childhood physical abuse and mental health distress in adult years. Those other adversatives included the history of child sexual abuse and neglect, parental psychopathology, and perceived parental support, described as emotional neglect.
The advantages to this design would be the inclusion of other childhood adversities that could contribute to adult psychiatri.
A list of possible essay questions 1. Discuss classic stra.docxsleeperharwell
A list of possible essay questions
1. Discuss classic strain theory and general strain theory (GST) in detail, focusing on 1)
whether general strain theory (GST) is a more convincing explanation for why individual
commit crime than classic strain theory and 2) major sources of strain and three key
propositions of GST.
2. Discuss Hirschi’s social bonding theory and Gottfredson and Hirschi’s general theory of
crime; 1) explain key elements of the social bond, 2) key dimensions of low self-control,
3) primary source of the development of self-control, 4) the main propositions of each
theory, and 5) various criticisms of each theory.
3. Why does crime occur according to routine activities and rational choice theories? For
each theory, explain 1) key concepts, 2) propositions, and 3) empirical findings in detail.
4. Discuss deterrence theory in detail, specifically focusing on 1) basic assumptions the
theory is based on, 2) key propositions, 3) key elements of effective punishment, and 4)
empirical findings on the effects of deterrence-based policy interventions on criminal
behaviors.
5. Compare and contrast social learning theories with general strain theory. Which offers a
more convincing argument for understanding crime and delinquency and why?
6. Moon et al. (2009) with a longitudinal data of 659 Korean adolescents examined key
propositions of GST; 1) describe main purposes of the study, 2) explain key strains,
negative emotions (two types), and conditioning variables used in the study, 3) overall
findings, and 4) limitations of the study.
7. Hay (2001) and Moon et al. (2014) tested key propositions of low self-control. First,
explain main purposes of each study. Second, describe key findings of each study.
Finally, discuss theoretical implications of each study’s findings in detail.
Parenting Practices among Depressed
Mothers in the Child Welfare System
Patricia L. Kohl, Jacqueline Njeri Kagotho, and David Dixon
The purpose of this study was to analyze a nationally representative sample of families referred
to Child Protective Services (CPS) agencies, the National Survey of Child and Adolescent
Weil-Being, to examine the association between maternal depression and parenting practices
over a 36-month follow-up period.Three hypotheses were tested: (1) Depressed mothers are'
more likely to demonstrate harsh parenting than are nondepressed mothers; (2) depressed
mothers are more likely to demonstrate neglectful parenting than are nondepressed mothers;
and (3) depressed mothers are more likely to demonstrate emotional maltreatment than are
nondepressed mothers. The interaction between depression and time was also analyzed for
each parenting practice to determine how changes in maternal depression affected changes in
parenting. The sample for this study was 1,536 mother-child dyads in which the child was age
three to 10 years and remained in the home after a CPS investigation.
Presentation by Daniel Flannery, Ph.D. given at the 2010 RWJF LFP Annual Meeting in St. Paul, MN
This presentation will present recent research on the links between brain development and neurochemistry, mental health and violence. We will compare traditional treatment programs that focus separately on perpetrators, victims and witnesses with examples of specific, innovative, multi-systemic treatment models that providers have employed in an attempt to break the cycle of violence. Our discussion will revolve around several video vignettes and principles of Trauma-Informed care.
Participants will address the challenges of pilot-tested, “evidence-based practice” versus the “practice-based evidence” of community programs. Treatment challenges related to co-morbid functioning of high-risk individuals will be discussed including substance use, offending, mental health, family functioning and academic achievement. Examples of specific innovative treatment models and local and national data on multi-system involved youth and intervention outcomes will be provided. We will also consider the difficulties and benefits of working in collaborative, community-based coalitions to effect change and how this movement has been affected by policy, resources, and increased demands for accountability.
Director del Centro de Excelencia para rl Desarrollo de la Primera Infancia de la Univerisdad de Montreal, Canadá en el Seminario Internacional “El Impacto de la Educación Inicial”, organizado por JUNJI, Unicef y el Ministerio de Hacienda.
What are the effects of family violence on social well-being in .docxalanfhall8953
What are the effects of family violence on social well-being in adolescents?
Rehab Al Ghamdi
Dr. Sperry
EPSY 621
1
Did you know?
Millions of children are exposed to domestic violence in their home (Carlson, 1984; Straus, 1992).
Millions of children classified as maltreated by parents and other caretakers (USDHHS, 2006).
Co-occurrence of violence domestic as well as otherwise with child abuse(Edleson, 2001; Tajima, 2004).
Links between domestic violence as well as child abuse with adverse psychosocial and behavioral outcomes (T. Herrenkohl, Sousa, Tajima, R. Herrenkohl, & Moylan, 2008; Sternberg, 2006; Wolfe, Crooks, Lee, McIntyre-Smith, & Jaffe, 2003).
2
The above facts represents a disheartening story related to the dismal state of affairs with respect to the increasing incidents of child abuse and violence .Such an exposure at the tender age has a detrimental effect on their future personalities by adversely influencing their internalizing and externalizing behaviors.
2
Research question
Does the exposure to violence and child abuse at an early age responsible for influencing the psychosocial outcomes in adolescence comprising their internalizing and externalizing behaviors.
3
This investigation aims to strengthen research on effects of exposure to child abuse and domestic violence.
3
Summary
The effects of child abuse and exposure to domestic violence on adolescent internalizing and externalizing behavior problems.
4
The following slides will present the summary of the research study authored by Moyan et al. to investigate and validate the findings.
Moylan, C. A., Herrenkohl, T. I., Sousa, C., Tajima, E. A., Herrenkohl, R. C., & Russo, M. J. (2010). The effects of child abuse and exposure to domestic violence on adolescent internalizing and externalizing behavior problems. Journal of family Violence, 25(1), 53-63.
4
Purpose of Study
The examination of the impact of child abuse and domestic violence exposure in childhood on their internalizing adolescent behavior resulting in psychological problems like anxiety and depressionas well as their externalizing behaviors manifested as delinquency and violence perpetration.
Moylan, C. A., Herrenkohl, T. I., Sousa, C., Tajima, E. A., Herrenkohl, R. C., & Russo, M. J. (2010). The effects of child abuse and exposure to domestic violence on adolescent internalizing and externalizing behavior problems. Journal of family Violence,
5
The study by Moylan et al. attempted to investigate the combined effects of exposure to child abuse and domestic violence on psychosocial outcomes in adolescence and examine interaction of gender with abuse and domestic violence exposure in the prediction of youth outcomes.
5
Research hypothesis
The study postulates that
exposure to violence will enhance the likelihood of child imbibing these outcomes, and
the risk is higher among the children who face child abuse along with domestic as compared to those who are exposed to only one type of.
Perception of Child Abuse 2COLLEGE STUDENTS’ AND PROFESSIO.docxherbertwilson5999
Perception of Child Abuse 2
COLLEGE STUDENTS’ AND PROFESSIONALS’ PERCEPTION OF CHILD ABUSE IN CORRELATION TO STRESS
Introduction
Throughout the growth and development of society, child abuse and maltreatment has expanded into many different aspects; it occurs within socioeconomic levels, ethnic and cultural lines, all religions and all levels of education. Within the United States children are suffering from a hidden epidemic of child abuse and neglect. Every year 3.3 million reports of child abuse are made in the United States involving nearly 6 million children (a report can include multiple children). The United States has the worst record in the industrialized nation – losing five children every day due to abuse-related deaths (U.S. Department of HHS, 2011). The estimated cost of child abuse and neglect in the United States for 2008 is $124 billion (Fang, 2012). The Department of Children and Families (DCF) defines child maltreatment as any act or series of acts of commission or omission by a parent, guardian, or other caregiver that results in harm, potential for harm, or threat of harm to a child (Leeb, Paulozzi, Melanson, Simon, & Arias, 2008). There are four major categories of childhood abuse and maltreatment: physical abuse, psychological and emotional abuse, sexual abuse, and neglect (Goldman, Salus, Wolcott, & Kennedy, 2003).
According to Brian H. Bornstein, Debra L. Kaplan, and Andrea R. Perry (2007), people have stereotypes about the circumstances and consequences of child abuse, and these expectancies can influence their judgments about individuals involved in abuse cases. Heim (2000) reported that participants with a history of abuse experience greater levels of perceived stress than participants without a history of abuse. They often perceive daily stressors more severely and longer in duration than their counterparts. It is also suggested that their history of abuse compromises these participants’ abilities to cope with stress, but the researchers noted that the data from their study is inconclusive, making it difficult for them to either support or refute this claim.
The perception of child abuse is very influential to students and upcoming professionals. Society’s definition and perception will guide current social work students into practice, which is a very important factor within the professional realm of social work.
Research Question
The purpose of this study is to examine college students and professionals’ perception of child abuse and how it relates to stress. The independent variable is the college students and professionals’ perception of child abuse and the dependent variable is how it relates to stress. The operational definition of perception remains closely allied to the continually developing behavioral theory of discrimination (Schoenfeld, 1962). The operational definition of child abuse is as any act or series of acts of commission or omission by a parent, guardian, or other caregiver that results.
Parenting Practices among DepressedMothers in the Child Welf.docxkarlhennesey
Parenting Practices among Depressed
Mothers in the Child Welfare System
Patricia L. Kohl, Jacqueline Njeri Kagotho, and David Dixon
The purpose of this study was to analyze a nationally representative sample of families referred
to Child Protective Services (CPS) agencies, the National Survey of Child and Adolescent
Weil-Being, to examine the association between maternal depression and parenting practices
over a 36-month follow-up period.Three hypotheses were tested: (1) Depressed mothers are'
more likely to demonstrate harsh parenting than are nondepressed mothers; (2) depressed
mothers are more likely to demonstrate neglectful parenting than are nondepressed mothers;
and (3) depressed mothers are more likely to demonstrate emotional maltreatment than are
nondepressed mothers. The interaction between depression and time was also analyzed for
each parenting practice to determine how changes in maternal depression affected changes in
parenting. The sample for this study was 1,536 mother-child dyads in which the child was age
three to 10 years and remained in the home after a CPS investigation. Depression remained
high across time points and was associated with increased risk of emotional maltreatment and
neglect over a 36-inonth period. In addition, self-reported emotional maltreatment remained
high across time points. Implications of this work are the needs for better identification of
mental health needs for mothers entering the child welfare system and parent training to
specifically address positive parenting.
KEY WORDS: child welfare; maternal depression; National Survey
of Child and Adolescent Well-Being; parenting
M
aternal depression, a critical public
health concern, is prevalent among
mothers referred to Child Protective
Services (CPS) agencies. In fact, nearly a quarter of
adults entering the child welfare system meet the
diagnostic criteria for a major depressive episode
in the preceding 12 months (U.S. Department of
Health and Human Services, Administration on
Children.Youth and Families [HHS, ACYF], 2005),
compared with only 7% of adults in the general
population (Kessler, Chiu, Demier, & Walters, 2005).
Furthermore, w ômen have an increased likelihood
of experiencing depression compared with men
(Kessler et al., 2003), and women exposed to a
high number of chronic Stressors—as many women
referred to CPS agencies are—are three times more
likely than women with less exposure to Stressors to
experience maternal depression (Orr,James, Burns,
& Thompson, 1989). Given that women comprise
the vast majority of primary caregivers among the
child welfare population (HHS, ACYF, 2005), it is
important to understand how maternal depression
affects outcomes after a CPS referral.
The high rate of maternal depression in the child
welfare system is a concern given its influence on
parenting practices. Symptoms of depression may
impede a woman's capacity to provide care for her
children, placing her at risk to engage in neglectful
parentin ...
Similar to CONSIDERATIONS FROM THE MALTREATMENT AND ADOLESCENT PATHWAYS (MAP) LONGITUDINAL STUDY (20)
INDIGENOUS YOUTHS’ RELATIONSHIPS WITH WATER: TRAUMA, ADVOCACY & RESILIENCEChristine Wekerle
Indigenous communities often experience disproportionate access to clean, safe drinking water. For youth water insecurity may lead to adverse mental health effects, referred to as 'water anxiety'. However, water resilience actions such as advocacy and youths' responsibilities to water, may have the potential to mitigate potential mental health effects associated with 'water anxiety'.
Positive psychology evolved from a recognition that the clinical encounter is often over-focused on concerns and problems, and that positive actions may not have a central role in the treatment plan. With youth, many issues - treatment compliance, help-seeking, impulsive self-harm, high risk-taking - may be ameliorated with a plan of positive actions. The technology that are youths' worlds may deliver some of these therapeutics. Resilience may be galvanized when inner resources interacts with external resources. This talk will introduce the evidence-based components of a resilience in youth App, JoyPop, and open discuss for research use in clinical populations.
ISPCAN Jamaica 2018 (CIHRTeamSV) - Investigating the Path from Child Maltreat...Christine Wekerle
Investigating the Path from Child Maltreatment to Alcohol Problems in a Sample of Child Welfare-Involved Youth
Sherry Stewart, Tristan Park, Kara Thompson, Mohammed Al-Hamdani, Amanda Hudson, Christine Wekerle, Savanah Smith (CIHRTeamSV)
ISPCAN Jamaica 2018 - The Impact of Domestic Violence on Children's Functioni...Christine Wekerle
The Impact of Domestic Violence on Children's Functioning: Care Planning Approaches to Foster Trauma-Informed Care
Shannon Stewart, Yasmin Garad, Natalia Lapshini
ISPCAN Jamaica 2018 - Personality-targeted Interventions for Building Resilie...Christine Wekerle
Personality-targeted Interventions for Building Resilience against Substance Use and Mental Health Problems among Adolescents Involved in Child Welfare System
Hanie Edalati, Patricia Conrod
ISPCAN Jamaica 2018 (CIHRTeamSV) - Improving Health and Behavioral Outcomes a...Christine Wekerle
Improving Health and Behavioral Outcomes among Sexually Victimized Male Youth: A Qualitative Investigation Among Trauma Treatment Providers
Ashwini Tiwari, Christine Wekerle, Andrea Gonzalez (CIHRTeamSV)
Adolescence is a key period for intervention among at-risk populations of youth, as this is when risk-taking behaviors tend to emerge. The Sustainable Development Goals for achieving 2030 youth health targets outline two issues central to reduce risks of gendered violence, sexual violence (SV) and adolescent sexual risk taking: (1) gender equity and (2) mental health promotion education. Only half of women reported having the autonomy to make their own decisions regarding sexual relations, usage of contraception and access to health care services. In developing countries women and children are extremely vulnerable to sexual violence which thereby places them at increased risk for contracting STIs from the perpetrator, as well as pregnancy as a result of SV. Undocumented minors; unaccompanied minors; refugees; child soldiers; youth post natural disasters; orphans; street-involved youth; and youth without parental care or financial means who are exposed to dangerous people or places are most vulnerable to sexual violence. UNICEF states that ending cases of new HIV infections by 2030 is unlikely, due to large concentrations of new infections occurring in areas where transactional sex, child sexual exploitation, drug use, street involved youth and SV are prevalent. Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs), which include forms of childhood maltreatment, increase the risk of contracting STIs. In particular, sexual abuse is linked with increased likelihood for risky sexual behavior, making victims vulnerable to poor sexual health outcomes.7 Protecting youth from exposure to SV and providing adolescents with sexual and mental health education are central to promoting resilience in youth.
Resilience Knowledge Mobilization and the ResilienceInYouth AppChristine Wekerle
This presentation outlines an exploratory knowledge mobilization study where research-based and evidence-based posts were shared on instagram (@resilienceinyouth) to see if instagram was a feasible outlet for resilience knowledge mobilization. Research conducted by researchers in the CIHRTeamSV grant was shared on instagram via links to ResearchGate. The development of a resilience-based app for youth is described and an overview of its features is given.
Wekerle-Ron Joyce Centre Grand Rounds-Boy's and men's health: Child sexual ab...Christine Wekerle
Defines sexual violence and gives info. on prevalence rates, examines emotion dysregulation in at-risk youth, child sexual abuse research findings, and introduces a developing resilience-based app for at-risk youth.
MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
Atrioventricular conduction blocks ( AV blocks ) are classified into 3 types.
This document describes the acute management of AV block.
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
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Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...
CONSIDERATIONS FROM THE MALTREATMENT AND ADOLESCENT PATHWAYS (MAP) LONGITUDINAL STUDY
1. CONSIDERATIONS FROM
THE MALTREATMENT
AND ADOLESCENT
PATHWAYS (MAP)
LONGITUDINAL STUDY
Christine Wekerle, Ph.D. & MAP Research Team
Associate Professor, Pediatrics
McMaster University
(cwekerle@uwo.ca)
Presentation to University of Toronto, Faculty of
Social Work, March 31, 2010
2. MAP RESEARCH TEAM –
WWW2.OACAS.ORG
Principal Investigator: Chris Wekerle, Ph.D. (McMaster)
Supported By: (1) CIHR IGH/OWHC Mid-Career Award
(2) Interchange Canada Assignment, Public Health
Agency of Canada
Co –Investigators:
Harriet MacMillan, M.D. (McMaster)
Michael Boyle, Ph.D. (McMaster)
Nico Trocmé, Ph.D. (McGill)
Eman Leung, Ph.D. (UWO)
Randall Waechter, Ph.D. (UWO)
Deb Goodman, Ph.D. (Toronto CAS)
Bruce Leslie, M.S.W. (Catholic CAS)
Brenda Moody, M.B.A. (Peel Region CAS)
Staff:
Maria Chen, Testers, and Volunteers
3. MAP FUNDING AGENCIES – THANK
YOU!
• The Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR),
Community Action Health Research, and the Institute of
Gender and Health
• The Ministry of Child & Youth Services Ontario
• The Ontario Mental Health Foundation
• The Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CHEO) Centre of
Excellence in Child & Youth Mental Health
• The Centre for Excellence in Research in Child Welfare
• Public Health Agency of Canada
• Health Canada
4. DEFINITION OF CHILDHOOD
MALTREATMENT
Neglect - failure to provide care in accordance with
expected societal standards for food, shelter, protection,
affection (e.g., home and personal hygiene, nutrition,
supervision)
Emotional abuse - verbal abuse, isolation, age-
inappropriate discipline, inappropriate confinement,
witnessing inter-parental and parental violence
Physical abuse - non-accidental bodily injury (e.g.
bruises, burns etc.), typically in the context of discipline or
shaken baby syndrome
Sexual abuse - sexual coercion, including attempts or
threats (e.g., fondling, molesting, exposure to
pornography)
*as defined by the World Health Organization
5. IMPACT OF CHILDHOOD
MALTREATMENT
• Developmental traumatology theory (DeBellis)
• Biology – Person By Environment interaction
• Maltreatment impacts brain structure and functioning towards:
(1) over-taxing of stress response system – hypervigilance; quicker
reactivity to threat (anger); disengaging from stress slower
(2) under-development of safety system – over-focus on other and
under-focus on self; lowered (slower) protective and self-
soothing and adaptive coping response
Gender-based findings: Maltreated females show greater
impairment across lifespan, in areas of:
Anxiety; Depression; Alcohol Abuse; Substance Abuse; PTSD;
Antisocial Personality; Criminality; Suicidality; Obesity
(see Gilbert et al., 2009; Wekerle, MacMillan, Leung & Jamieson,
2008)
6. THEORETICAL BACKGROUND
Attachment theory (e.g., Bowlby) – confidence in
sensitivity of caregiver provides secure base, tolerance for
distress, less fight-flight; both a “model” and a “template” -
guides action to self and others action, selection of future
situations
Social learning theory (e.g., Bandura) - role-model of
self-reinforcing (self-supporting) or self-punishment (self-
harm)
Resiliency theory (e.g., Rutter, Masten, Ungar):
dynamic, developmental taking external experiences and
internal resources (person x environment interaction) that
alters the likelihood of adaptation or maladaptation
7. ChildChild
DevelopmentDevelopment
GoalGoal
Child Welfare IssuesChild Welfare Issues Child DysfunctionChild Dysfunction
AttachmentAttachment
Positive SelfPositive Self
Affect-regulationAffect-regulation
Emotional Abuse:Emotional Abuse:
(for example, Witnessing(for example, Witnessing
domestic violence,domestic violence, verbal abuse;verbal abuse;
lack of adequate soothing)lack of adequate soothing)
InternalizingInternalizing
SymptomatologySymptomatology
Maladaptive CopingMaladaptive Coping
Private Self/Private Self/
Healthy SexualityHealthy Sexuality
Sexual Abuse:Sexual Abuse:
(For example, exposure to(For example, exposure to
pornography, sexual contact)pornography, sexual contact)
Risky Sexual PracticesRisky Sexual Practices
BehavioralBehavioral
controlcontrol
Physical Abuse:Physical Abuse:
(Arbitrary, coercive discipline)(Arbitrary, coercive discipline)
Aggression to Authority;Aggression to Authority;
Peers; PartnersPeers; Partners
Physical IntegrityPhysical Integrity
and Acceptanceand Acceptance
NeglectNeglect
(Food, Shelter, Basics)(Food, Shelter, Basics)
Health/HygieneHealth/Hygiene
Self-careSelf-care
Suicidal IdeationSuicidal Ideation
Child Development ModelChild Development Model
8. MAPS GOALS & STRATEGIES
Collects data from youth (ages 14.0 to 17.0 years)
who are active on the child welfare caseload
from an urban catchment area and are
randomly selected
1. Evaluates the health and well-being of adolescents
involved in the CPS system in one urban catchment
area, (a)comparing MAPS females to MAPS males;
(b) comparing to ON population matched on age
and SES (OSDUHS)
2. Examines PTSD symptomatology as a
contributing / mediating factor in health risk
behaviours among CPS adolescents – example, teen
dating violence
9. MAP PROJECT TIMELINE
Initial 6 months 1 year 1.5 year 2 year 2.5 year 3 year
Maltreatment
Mental Health
Substance use
Dating
Violence
Risky Sexual
Practices
OSDUHS
X X X
In Progress
In Progress
In Progress
In Progress
In Progress
In Progress
10.
11.
12. OSDUS PAPER; MOHAPATRA ET AL.
(2009) RESULTS – FEMALE STUDENTS
Bullying Others - Female
32.6
22.7
0
10
20
30
40
Non-maltreated Maltreated
Percentbullying
Bully Victimization - Female
27.7
41.4
0
10
20
30
40
50
Non-maltreated Maltreated
Percentvictimization
► Maltreated female were 1.5 times more likely to bully and 1.7 times more
likely to be victims of bullying, as compared to non-maltreated females.
For bullying, no significant relationship with maltreatment history for
males
► Females with higher psychological distress were over 2 times as likely to
bully others (perpetrator) and to be bullied by others (victim), as compared to
non-distressed female peers.
► Maltreatment did not predict how often bullying occurred; but whether it
did or did not happen.
13. MAPS FEMALES & DELINQUENCY
MAPS Year 1 testing, using OSDUHS questions
MAPS females higher delinquency than ON females;
Crown Ward status buffers delinquency among MAPS
females
Damaged Property OR=1.35
Beating up on purpose OR=1.53
Carried weapon (gun/knife) OR=1.78
Participated in gang fights OR=1.83
Ran away from home OR=1.74
Physical fight at school OR=1.96
14. FEMALES & SELF-HARM –
ONTARIO STUDY (RHODES ET AL. 2008)
Based on Ontario hospital data on youth 12-17 years (Emergency Dept
presentations, NACRS dataset)
Females more likely than males to be coded as deliberate self-poisonings
(DSP), except with acetaminophen agent groups
Girls under age 15, 5 times more likely DSP
Females more likely to present with self-poisonings on most single and
multiple agents, including antidepressants
Females not significantly different from males in medically serious
overdose
Most presented to emergency (a) after-hrs and (b) were not admitted to
hospital
did not receive suicide intent assessment
missed opportunity for mental health intervention
Suicide prevention - acetominophen type agents can be very toxic in
overdose and females may have less physical tolerance
Implications: Need for greater study of self-harm among child
welfare youth using administrative database (Dr. Anne Rhodes,
SMH study) and child welfare database (Dr. Deb Goodman, serious
occurrence report study)
15. MAPS PRELIMINARY RESULTS @ 2-YEAR
TESTING MARK ON DELIBERATE SELF-
HARM
At 2-year testing, females > CTQ subscale scores
on all maltreatment subscales
Overall, 30% reported DSH acts, with most
reporting more than 1 category
Females more likely to report cutting, severe
scratching, head-banging, preventing wounds
from healing, putting themselves purposefully in
danger, using substances to excess
Males more likely to self-burn
53% of DSH impulsive; 18% thought 1 month or
more about DSH
DSH youth higher Anger-inward score (STAXI),
most prevalent reason “punish self”
16. MAPS FEMALES & DATING
For Females - Romantic relationships Autonomy; Identity
MAPS: Physical childhood abuse co-loaded with emotional abuse
for females (PA/EA)
MAPS: For females, majority PA/EA perpetrator was mother;
majority SA perpetrator non-parent male (61%)
MAPS: Early Dating; Female Avg. age=13 years (SD=2.33)
12% MAPS Females report sex before age 13; over 2x US
comparable findings for community youth
MAPS Females > Males gave birth/fathered child (10% vs. 1%)
MAPS: Females are likely to date older partners (Avg. age=18
years; compared to MAPS males (Avg. age=15)
Implications: For females, relationships insults more impactfuly
emotionally on self-concept; and poor role-modeling may create
greater risk
17. MAP FEMALES & TEEN DATING
VIOLENCE
YRBSS – US high school (grades 9-12) 1999-2005 (6%-18%)
“ever hit, slapped, physically hurt on purpose” – 10% avg.
endorsement – no gender difference
7 items tapping teen dating violence (1) victimization and (2)
perpetration, over the past 12 months
Physical Abuse (3 items):
“kicked, hit, or punched partner” 26%; 34%
“slapped or pulled partner’s hair” 22%; 27%
“pushed,shoved,shook,pinned down partner” 29%; 30%
Emotional Abuse (4 items):
“said things to make partner angry” 66%; 62%
“threatened to hurt partner” 21%; 24%
“threatened partner in attempt to have sex” 17%; 14%
“threatened to hit or throw something at” 22%; 27%
18. Pag
e 18
POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER (PTSD)
SYMPTOMATOLOGY MEDIATION MODEL
Mediator:
PTSD
Symptomatology
(TSCC clinical cut-offs)
Outcome:
Dating Violence
Predictor:
Childhood
Maltreatment
Direct effect of Emotional Abuse on dating violence perpetration: .40 (.20)
.45(.14) .32(.12)
Direct effect dropped to non-significant [.26(.16)] after controlling for TSCC
.79(.22).42(.15)
Direct effect of Emotional-Physical Abuse on victimization in dating
violence: .98 (.49)
Direct effect dropped to non-significant [.53(.49)] after controlling for TSCC
Male Mediation Model: Goodman, p<.05
Female Mediation Model: Goodman=2.26, p<.05
19. SELF-COMPASSION: Useful Construct for Supporting
Maltreatment “Recovery” and Preventing Maltreatment-
Related Impairment?
• What?
• Healthy form of self-acceptance
• Tendency to treat self kindly in face of
perceived inadequacy
• How?
• By engaging in self-soothing and positive
self-talk
• Recognizing discomfort as part of being
human
• Promoting a sense of connection to others
• Able to face painful thoughts by quelling self-
pity and “melodrama” (tolerating victim viewpoint)
20. SELF-COMPASSION SCALE (NEFF,
2003)
6 subscales & Total Score:
a. Self-Kindness: “I try to be loving towards myself
when I’m feeling emotional pain.”
b. Self-Judgment: “I can be a bit cold-hearted
towards myself when I'm experiencing suffering.”
c. Common Humanity: “I try to see my failings as
part of the human condition.”
d. Isolation: “When I fail at something that's
important to me, I tend to feel alone in my
failure.”
e. Mindfulness: “When something painful happens
I try to take a balanced view of the situation.”
f. Over-identified “When something upsets me I get
carried away with my feelings.”
21. SELF-COMPASSION – MAP RESULTS
Protect against excessive or unrealistic
negative self-feelings or self-thoughts
(Neely et al., 2009)
MAPS Preliminary Data:
Higher Self-Compassion Scores, Lower
PA, EA, EN scores
Higher Self-Compassion Scores, Lower
TSCC scores
22. MAP: SELF-COMPASSION RESULTS
N = 90 at the 2.0 year testing mark where Self-Compassion Scale (SCS)
given (40% Males, 60% Females)
Adolescent Mean Age = 18.1 years (SD Age = 0.99;Range Age,16 to 20)
Child Protective Services (CPS) Status:
Temporary Care: 2.2%
Society Ward: 10.1%
Crown Ward (termination of parenting rights): 75.3%
Community Family: 12.4%
Years with CPS Average = 10.1 years (SD = 4.53; Range = 1 to 19
years)
Ethnicity:
White: 22.9%; Black: 16.7%; Hispanic 6.3%; Other: 14.6%;
Combination of Two or More: 39.5%
With youth self-reported maltreatment, higher physical and emotional
abuse is linked with lower self-compassion;
Lower self-compassion is linked with higher trauma symptoms
23. Percentage of children and youth with functioning problems with depression
and/or anxiety, ADD/ADHD and any psychiatric disorder, by type of
substantiated maltreatment, investigated cases, Ontario (2003)
Source: Ontario Incidence Study (OIS-2003) (2005)
Note: Data included reflect the 6 months prior to the investigation, as confirmed by psychiatric diagnosis or as suspected by observation or report.
Functioning problems with Depression and/or Anxiety are reflected in the first set; ADD or ADHD is reflected in the second set. The third set
reflects only confirmed psychiatric diagnoses. Data are based on a sample of 3193 OIS substantiated maltreatment forms with completed child
functioning information.
24. Percentage of CAS-involved youth, aged 16-18 years, who participated in the
MAPS reporting using substances in the past year, as compared to non-CAS-
involved Ontario youth (OSDUHS), Ontario
Source: Maltreatment and Adolescent Pathways (MAP) Study (2009); OSDHUS (2007)
25. Percentage of CAS-involved youth, aged 15-17 years, who participated in
the MAP reporting engaging in risky sexual behaviour, as compared to
Canadian youth (Statistics Canada), Ontario and Canada
Source: Maltreatment and Adolescent Pathways (MAP) Study (2009); Statistics Canada (2007).
26. MAP AS A LONGITUDINAL STUDY
- opportunity to consider change over time
- opportunity to consider entry and exit from clinical
levels of impairment "stayers" and "movers”
- limited by ability to retain representative sample
- handling missing data and unique issues with child
welfare samples