The document discusses deforestation, its causes such as land clearing for agriculture and construction, and its negative consequences including increased pollution, global warming, soil erosion, and diminished water capacity. It highlights the importance of conservation areas like wildlife sanctuaries and national parks to protect endemic species and maintain biodiversity. Additionally, it addresses the phenomenon of migratory birds due to climatic changes.

1. Made By: Rakshit Gupta
Guided By: Sister Maritom
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2. Deforestation and
its
causes
Consequences of
deforestation Endemic species
Conservation of Biosphere
forest reserves
and wildlife Wildlife
sanctuary
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National park2

3. Deforestation And Its Causes
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4. Deforestation means clearing of forests and using that land for
other purposes. Trees in the forest are cut for some of the
purposes mentioned below:
Procuring land for cultivation
Building houses and factories
Making furniture or using wood as fuel
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6.  Deforestation increases the
temperature and pollution level
on the earth. It increases the level
of carbon dioxide in the
atmosphere.
 Ground water level also gets
lowered.
 Deforestation disturbs the
balance in nature. If cutting of
trees continues, rainfall and the
fertility of the soil will decrease.
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7. Fewer trees would mean that less carbon dioxide
will be used up resulting in its increased amount in
the atmosphere. This will lead to global warming as
carbon dioxide traps the heat rays reflected by the
earth.
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8. The increase in temperature on the earth disturbs the
water cycle and may reduce rainfall. This could cause
droughts.
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9. Fewer trees result in more soil erosion. Removal
of the top layer of the soil exposes the lower, hard
and rocky layers. This soil has less humus and is less
fertile. Gradually the fertile land gets converted into
deserts. It is called desertification.
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10. Deforestation also leads to a decrease in the water
holding capacity of the soil. The movement of water from
the soil surface into the ground is reduced. So, there are
floods.
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11. To protect our flora and fauna and
their habitats, protected areas called
sanctuaries, national parks and
biosphere reserves have been
earmarked.
Plantation, cultivation, grazing, felling
trees , hunting and poaching are
prohibited there.
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13. Endemic species are those
species of plants and
animals which are found
exclusively in a particular
area. They are not naturally
found anywhere else. A
particular type of animal or
plant may be endemic to a
zone, a state or a country.
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14. Siberian Tiger
It is found in some Asian countries.
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15. Black Rhinoceros Horn
Black rhinoceros horn is found in East Africa.
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16. Snow Leopard
The snow leopard is found only in coniferous forest
scrub and mountain steppe regions of the Himalayas
and surrounding areas. It is considered an
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endangered species. 16

17. Giant Rafflesia Flower
The Giant Rafflesia is the largest flower in the
world, weighing up to 7 kg and measuring up
to 91 cm wide. It is found in rain forests of
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18. Okapi
The okapi, a member of the giraffe
family, lives a secluded life deep in
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the rain forests of eastern Africa. 18

19. Biosphere reserves are the areas meant for conservation of
biodiversity. The biosphere reserves help to maintain the
biodiversity and culture of that area.
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20. Wildlife sanctuaries provides protection and suitable living
conditions to wild animals. In the sanctuaries killing
(poaching) and hunting of animals are strictly prohibited.
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21. Areas reserved for wild life where they can freely use
the habitats and natural resources.
Gir National
Park.
It is situated
in Gujarat.
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22. Kanha National Park
It is situated in Madhya Pradesh.
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23. Many birds fly to far away areas every year during a particular
time because of climatic changes. They fly for laying eggs as
the weather in their natural habitat becomes very cold and
inhospitable. Birds who cover long distances to reach another
land are known as migratory birds.
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