The document discusses national forests in four countries - Brazil, Indonesia, the United States, and India. Brazil's national forests aim to sustainably manage native forest resources and support research. Indonesia has extensive tropical forests covering over 98 million hectares that are being destroyed by logging and agriculture. The US has 155 national forests totaling over 188 million acres managed by the Forest Service. India has reversed deforestation, and its forest cover increased over the last 20 years according to the UN.

3. According to the Brazilian National System of
Conservation Units, National Forests are areas with
forest cover of predominantly native species and has as
its basic objective the multiple sustainable use of the
forest resources and scientific research, with emphasis on
methods of sustainable exploitation of native forests.

4.  The Brazilian forests are divided into four categories
and many sub categories.
 The four major categories are:-
I. Northern national forest
II. Southern national forest
III. Northeast national forest
IV. Southeast national forest

5.  Northern National forest
 Amapa
 Amazon
 Southern National forest
 Acungui
 Cacador
 Northeast National forest
 Araripe
 Contendas of Sincora
 Southeast National forest
 Capao Bonito
 Ipanema

7. Indonesia’s tropical forests are of global importance,
covering over 98 million hectares (242,163,274 acre). Most
of Indonesia’s forests are found in the Indonesian half of
New Guinea, and on the islands of Borneo and Sumatra.
The forests of Indonesia represent 10% of the world’s
remaining tropical forests. Indonesia’s forests are the second
largest in the world after the forests of Brazil.

8.  Indonesia is one of the five most species-rich countries in
the world, with a high rate of endemic species.
 Twelve percent of all mammal species, 16% of reptile
and amphibian species, and 17% of bird species are
found on the 17,000 islands that constitute Indonesia.
 The forests of Indonesia, along with their thousands of
plant and animal species, are being destroyed at an
alarming rate due to massive illegal logging and clearing
for palm oil plantations.

9.  The rapid deterioration of tropical forests is causing
incalculable losses in terms of biodiversity and is
pushing species such as the orangutan ever closer to
extinction.
 After Malaysia and the United States, Indonesia has
the third highest number of threatened species with 772
species.
 New programmes and initiates taken are considered to
be a chance of recovery.

11.  The United States has 155 protected areas known
as National Forests covering 188,293,938 acres
(761,999 km2). The National Forests are managed by
the U.S. Forest Service, an agency of the U.S.
Department of Agriculture.
 In 1897, the Organic Act provided purposes for which
forest reserves could be established, including to protect
the forest, secure water supplies, and supply timber.
 Alaska has the most National Forest land with 21.9
million acres (8.9 million ha), followed by California
(20.8 million acres, 8.4 million ha) and Idaho (20.4
million acres, 8.3 million ha).

12.  The land of USA support a number of types of
forests :-
 Allegheny Forest in Pennsylvania
 Angeles Forest In California
 Angelina Forest In Texas
 Apache- Sit greaves in Arizona, New Mexico
 Apalachicola Forest In Florida
 Arapaho Forest In Colorado

14.  Over the last 20 years, India has reversed the
deforestation trend.
 Specialists of the United Nations report India's
forest as well as woodland cover has increased. A
2010 study by the Food and Agriculture
Organization ranks India amongst the 10 countries
with the largest forest area coverage in the world
(the other nine being Russian Federation, Brazil,
Canada, United States of America, China,
Democratic Republic of the Congo, Australia,
Indonesia and Sudan).
 India is also one the top 10 countries with the
largest primary forest coverage in the world,
according to this study.

15.  From 1990 to 2000, FAO finds India was the fifth largest
gainer in forest coverage in the world; while from 2000 to
2010, FAO considers India as the third largest gainer in
forest coverage.
 Some 500,000 square kilometers, about 17 percent of India's
land area, were regarded as Forest Area in the early 1990s.
In FY 1987, however, actual forest cover was 640,000
square kilometers. Some claim, that because more than 50
percent of this land was barren or bush land, the area under
productive forest was actually less than 350,000 square
kilometers, or approximately 10 percent of the country's land
area.
 India's 0.6 percent average annual rate of deforestation for
agricultural and non-lumbering land uses in the decade
beginning in 1981 was one of the lowest in the world and
on a par with Brazil.

16.  India supports five types of forests:-
I. Tropical evergreen forest
II. Tropical deciduous forest
III. Thorn forest
IV. Montane forest
V. Mangrove forest

18. The United Kingdom is a good place to practice
forestry, because the British Isles are ideal for tree
growth, thanks to their mild winters, plentiful
rainfall, fertile soil and hill-sheltered topography.
Growth rates for broadleaved (hardwood)
trees exceed those of mainland Europe, while conifer
(softwood) growth rates are three times those
of Sweden and five times those of Finland. In the
absence of people, much of Great Britain would be
covered with mature oaks, except for Scotland.

19.  Britain's native tree flora comprises 32 species, of which
29 are broadleaves.
 Britain's industry and populace uses at least 50 million
tones of timber a year. Paper and paper products make
up more than half the wood consumed in Britain by
volume.
UK set up the Independent Panel on Forestry led by Rt
Rev James Jones, the Bishop of Liverpool. This body
published its report in July 2012. Among other
suggestions, it recommended that the forested portion
of England should rise to 15% of the country's land area
by 2060.

20.  Essex
Epping Forest
Waltham Forest
 Derbyshire
Darwin Forest
 Nottinghamshire
Greenwood Forest
Sherwood Forest
 London
Epping Forest