This document discusses deforestation, its causes, and consequences. It states that deforestation is the clearing of land for cultivation, housing, fuel, and furniture. It causes increased carbon dioxide and global warming as well as lowered water levels, increased temperature and pollution, disrupted ecosystems, and decreased rainfall and soil fertility. Biosphere reserves, national parks, and wildlife sanctuaries aim to conserve forests and wildlife by protecting habitats.

2. • Clearing of land and using it for other purposes is known as
deforestation.
• The causes of deforestation:-
• Procuring land for cultivation
• Building houses and factories
• Using wood as fuel or for making furniture
• The natural causes of deforestation are forest fires and
draught.

3. • The consequences of deforestation are:-
• 1. increase in level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere
leading to global warming .
• 2. lowering of ground water level
• 3.increase in the temprature and pollution level o n the earth.
• 4.disturbs the balance in nature.
• 5.decrease in rainfall leading to draught.
• 6.oil and decrease in soil fertility leading to desertification
• 7.decrease in water holding capacity of soil leading to floods.

4. • i) Biosphere reserves :- are large areas of
protected land for conservation of biodiversity
and the traditional life of the tribals living there.
• ii) Biodiversity :- is the variety of plants,
animals and microorganisms found in the area.
• The Pachmarhi Biosphere Reserve consists of
a National park called Satpura and two wildlife
sanctuaries called Bori and Pachmarhi.

5. • Forest and wildlife can be conserved by setting up
areas like Biosphere reserves Wildlife sanctuaries,
National parks, etc.
• i) Biosphere reserves :- are large areas of
protected land for conservation of biodiversity and
the traditional life of the tribals living there.
• ii) National parks :- are areas reserved for wildlife
where they can freely use the habitats and natural
resources.
• iii) Wildlife sanctuaries :- are areas where animals
are protected from any disturbance to them or their
habitat.

6. • i) Flora :- are the plants found in a
particular area.
• ii) Fauna :- are the animals found in a
particular area.
• Eg:- The flora of Pachmarhi consists of sal,
teak, wild mango, jamun, silver ferns etc.
• The fauna of Pachmarhi consists of wild
dog, cheetal, wolf, leopard, blue bull, barking
deer etc.

7. • Endemic species :- are those species of plants
and animals found only in a particular area
and not found anywhere else.
• Eg:- sal and wild mango are the endemic
flora of Pachmarhi. Bison, Indian giant
squirrel and flying squirrel are the endemic
fauna of this area

8. are areas where
animals are protected from any disturbance
to them or their habitat. The killing or
capturing of animals in wildlife sanctuary is
strictly prohibited.

9. • National parks :- are areas reserved for
wildlife where they can freely use the
habitats and natural resources.
• Eg:- Satpura National Park is the first
Reserve Forest in India

10. • :- are those animals whose numbers are
diminishing and might face extinction.
• Eg:- Tiger is one of the many animals which are
slowly diminishing. To protect the tigers in our
country the government launched the Project
Tiger to ensure the survival of tiger population.
• Dinosaurs have already become extinct.
• Red Data Books are books which keeps a record
of all endangered plants and animals.

11. • :- consisits of all the plants, animals and
microorganisms living in an area along with
the non living components like climate,
water, soil etc.

12. :- is the movement of animals from its own
habitat to some other habitat for a particular
time period every year due to climatic changes
or for breeding.
Birds which fly very long distances to reach
another land are called migratory birds.

13. About seventeen full grown trees are
required to produce one tonne of paper.
Paper can be recycled about five to seven
times for use. We should save, reuse and
recycle paper to save not only trees but
also to save the energy, water and
chemicals used to make paper.

14. Reforestation :- is the restocking of destroyed
forests by planting new trees.
We should plant at least as many trees as
we cut. We have already caused a lot of
damage to our forests. If we have to regain
our green wealth, reforestation is the only
option.