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Deforestation means clearing of forests and using that land for
other purposes. Trees in the forest are cut for some of the
purposes mentioned below:
Procuring land for cultivation
Building houses and factories
Making furniture or using wood as fuel
8. Effects of deforestation
• Soil erosion destruction-Soils (and the nutrients
in them) are exposed to the sun’s heat. Soil
moisture is dried up, nutrients evaporate and
bacteria that help break down organic matter are
affected. Eventually, rain washes down the soil
surfaces and erosion takes place. Soils never get
their full potential back.
• Water Cycle-When forests are destroyed, the
atmosphere, water bodies and the
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9. water table are all affected. Trees absorb and retain
water in their roots. A large part of the water that
circulates in the ecosystem of rainforests remains
inside the plants. Some of this moisture is
transpired into the atmosphere. When this process
is broken, the atmosphere and water bodies begin
to dry out. The watershed potential is compromised
and less water will runs through the rivers. Smaller
lakes and streams that take water from these larger
water bodies dry up
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10. • Loss of Biodiversity-Many wonderful species
of plants and animals have been lost, and
many others remain endangered. More than
80% of the world's species remain in the
Tropical Rainforest. It is estimated that about
50 to 100 species of animals are being lost
each day as a result of destruction of their
habitats, and that is a tragedy.
• Climate Change
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11. • Many beautiful creatures, both plants and
animals have vanished from the face of the earth.
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12. • Climate Change-Plants absorb Carbon Dioxide
CO2 (a greenhouse gas) from the atmosphere
and uses it to produce food (carbohydrates, fats,
and proteins that make up trees). In return, it
gives off Oxygen. Destroying the forests mean
CO2 will remain in the atmosphere and in
addition, destroyed vegetation will give off more
CO2 stored in them as they decompose. This will
alter the climate of that region. Cool climates
may get a lot hotter and hot places may get a lot
cooler.
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Deforestation increases the
temperature and pollution level
on the earth. It increases the level
of carbon dioxide in the
atmosphere.
Ground water level also gets
lowered.
Deforestation disturbs the
balance in nature. If cutting of
trees continues, rainfall and the
fertility of the soil will decrease.
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Fewer trees would mean that less carbon dioxide
will be used up resulting in its increased amount in
the atmosphere. This will lead to global warming as
carbon dioxide traps the heat rays reflected by the
earth.
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The increase in temperature on the earth disturbs the
water cycle and may reduce rainfall. This could cause
droughts.
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Fewer trees result in more soil erosion. Removal
of the top layer of the soil exposes the lower, hard
and rocky layers. This soil has less humus and is less
fertile. Gradually the fertile land gets converted into
deserts. It is called desertification.
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Deforestation also leads to a decrease in the water
holding capacity of the soil. The movement of water from
the soil surface into the ground is reduced. So, there are
floods.
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To protect our flora and fauna and
their habitats, protected areas called
sanctuaries, national parks and
biosphere reserves have been
earmarked.
Plantation, cultivation, grazing, felling
trees , hunting and poaching are
prohibited there.
21. Endemic species are those
species of plants and
animals which are found
exclusively in a particular
area. They are not naturally
found anywhere else. A
particular type of animal or
plant may be endemic to a
zone, a state or a country.
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Snow Leopard
The snow leopard is found only in coniferous forest
scrub and mountain steppe regions of the Himalayas
and surrounding areas. It is considered an
endangered species.
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Giant Rafflesia Flower
The Giant Rafflesia is the largest flower in the
world, weighing up to 7 kg and measuring up
to 91 cm wide. It is found in rain forests of
Malaysia and Indonesia.
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Okapi
The okapi, a member of the giraffe
family, lives a secluded life deep in
the rain forests of eastern Africa.
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Biosphere reserves are the areas meant for conservation of
biodiversity. The biosphere reserves help to maintain the
biodiversity and culture of that area.
28. Wildlife sanctuaries provides protection and suitable living
conditions to wild animals. In the sanctuaries killing
(poaching) and hunting of animals are strictly prohibited.
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29. Areas reserved for wild life where they can freely use
the habitats and natural resources.
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Gir National
Park.
It is situated
in Gujarat.
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Many birds fly to far away areas every year during a particular
time because of climatic changes. They fly for laying eggs as
the weather in their natural habitat becomes very cold and
inhospitable. Birds who cover long distances to reach another
land are known as migratory birds.
32. Reforestation
Reforestation is an important component of the
cycle of growing, harvesting, and regenerating
our forests. State law also requires it.
Landowners may harvest trees as a routine part
of their management. They may also choose to
salvage trees that have been damaged from
wildfire, wind, insects,disease, or other factors.
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33. The Oregon Forest Practice Act requires
landowners to reforest after logging if tree
stocking levels are below the standards set in
the rules. These requirements apply after any
type of harvest.
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