Edward Lee Thorndike was an American psychologist known as the father of modern educational psychology. He spent his career at Teachers College, Columbia University developing theories of learning based on his experiments with animals in puzzle boxes. Thorndike proposed three laws of learning: the Law of Readiness, the Law of Exercise, and the Law of Effect. These laws emphasized that learning is based on forming associations between stimuli and responses through repeated practice and rewards. Thorndike viewed learning as incremental and direct rather than insightful or mediated by ideas. His theories were influential in the development of behaviorism and the application of psychological principles to education.
It includes comparison of various behaviour theories of learning, concept of Reinforcement and Punishment, Reinforcement schedule, Mechanism of Operant Conditioning etc.
behavioral theory formed the basis of most of the learning theory applied in child rearing and in classrooms. Parents and teachers still find that, in many instances, individuals do learn when provided with the appropriate blend of stimuli, rewards, negative reinforcement, and punishments. Especially with small children and simpler tasks, behavioral principles are often effective.
Eventually, however, educators began to feel that although stimulus-response does explain many human behaviors and has a legitimate place in instruction, behaviorism alone was not sufficient to explain all the phenomena observed in learning situations. The teacher’s are able to use this approach but they have to consider about the weaknesses and try to solve the weaknesses.
David Kolb published his learning styles model in 1984.
The model gave rise to related terms such as Kolb's experiential learning theory (ELT), and Kolb's learning styles inventory (LSI).
In his publications - notably his 1984 book 'Experiential Learning: Experience As The Source Of Learning And Development' Kolb acknowledges the early work on experiential learning by others in the 1900's, including Rogers, Jung, and Piaget.
In turn, Kolb's learning styles model and experiential learning theory are today acknowledged by academics, teachers, managers and trainers as truly seminal works; fundamental concepts towards our understanding and explaining human learning behaviour, and towards helping others to learn.
It includes comparison of various behaviour theories of learning, concept of Reinforcement and Punishment, Reinforcement schedule, Mechanism of Operant Conditioning etc.
behavioral theory formed the basis of most of the learning theory applied in child rearing and in classrooms. Parents and teachers still find that, in many instances, individuals do learn when provided with the appropriate blend of stimuli, rewards, negative reinforcement, and punishments. Especially with small children and simpler tasks, behavioral principles are often effective.
Eventually, however, educators began to feel that although stimulus-response does explain many human behaviors and has a legitimate place in instruction, behaviorism alone was not sufficient to explain all the phenomena observed in learning situations. The teacher’s are able to use this approach but they have to consider about the weaknesses and try to solve the weaknesses.
David Kolb published his learning styles model in 1984.
The model gave rise to related terms such as Kolb's experiential learning theory (ELT), and Kolb's learning styles inventory (LSI).
In his publications - notably his 1984 book 'Experiential Learning: Experience As The Source Of Learning And Development' Kolb acknowledges the early work on experiential learning by others in the 1900's, including Rogers, Jung, and Piaget.
In turn, Kolb's learning styles model and experiential learning theory are today acknowledged by academics, teachers, managers and trainers as truly seminal works; fundamental concepts towards our understanding and explaining human learning behaviour, and towards helping others to learn.
Edward LEE Thorndike Educational Theory.pptxKristineRanyah
Educational Theory by Edward Thorndike. He was the first American psychologist who put forward the Trial and Error Theory of learning.
*Three Fundamental Laws of Learning
*Educational Implications of Law of Exercise
*Educational Implications of Law of Readiness
This PPT contains topic Learning from Unit 3 Cognitive Process of the subject Psychology for F.Y.B.SC.Nursing.
Learning, as a cognitive process, involves acquiring knowledge, skills, understanding, and behaviors through experience, study, practice, or teaching. It's a fundamental aspect of human cognition, enabling individuals to adapt, solve problems, make decisions, and improve their performance in various domains of life. Cognitive processes play a critical role in how we perceive, encode, store, and retrieve information during the learning process.
Philosophers and educators researched ways to understand and explain the process of learning.
Understanding learning theories helps educators know how to communicate content to the students effectively.
Educators will then organize delivery of instruction and help students become successful.
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An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
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In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
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The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
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2. Born: 31 August 1874, Williamsburg ,
Massachusetts, United state
Died: 9 August 1949,
Known for: Father of modern
educational psychology
Edward Lee Thorndike was an
American psychologist who spent
nearly his entire career at Teachers
College, Columbia University.
3. Learning is the process of forming
associations or bonds, which he defined as
“the connection of a certain act with a
certain situation and resultant pleasure”
Thorndike concern was not only for stimulus
conditions and tendencies to action but also
for what held the stimulus and response
together.
4. The Law of Readiness
A law which states that learning is
dependent upon the learner's readiness to
act, which facilitates the strengthening of
the bond between stimulus and response.
5. A law which states that, in learning, the
more frequently a stimulus and response are
associated with each other, the more likely
the particular response will follow the
stimulus. The law implies that one learns by
doing and one cannot learn a skill, for
instance, by watching others.
6. The Law of effect is a psychological principle
which states that
‘’Response that produce a satisfying effect in
a particular situation become more likely to
occur again in that situation and responses
that way.’’
7. The Law of Effect is a psychological
principal which states that ‘’Responses that
produce a satisfying effect in a particular
situation become more likely to occur again
in that situation and responses that..
8. Learning involves trial and error or
selection & connection:
Cat stamp in and stamp out for
correct responses. Example
False attempts made by cat.
Selection & connection of proper
responses to connect or associate
them with adequate stimuli.
Example: subsequent trials, cat
tried to avoid the erroneous moves
& to repeat the correct manner
manipulating the latch.
9.
10. Learning is the result of
formation of connections:
Connection in nervous system between
stimuli & responses. Mind is man’s
connection system. Association between
sense, impression, impulse & action. This
association is named as bond or connection.
Association may be strengthen or weaken
results in making or breaking habits. This
type of association is known as
connectionism or bond psychology.
11. Learning is incremental, not insightful:
Learning performance depends on number of trials
or opportunities. Increase in number of trials or
practice performance gradually improves known
as incremental performance. Such type of
learning is called incremental learning.
Example: solution of a problem does not strike
the mind of the animal at once & the time an
animal needs to find a solution to a problem
depends upon the number of trials it gets to solve
it.
12. Learning is direct, not mediated by
ideas:
Learning is direct not mediated by ideas
reasoning or thinking. Learning is simple
mechanical phenomenon a process of
establishing a simple connection between
sensory stimuli & appropriate responses.
Example: the cat does not look over the
situation, much less think it over, and then
decide what to do. It bursts out at once into
the activities helped by instincts &
experiences.
13. Thorndike's law of effect and puzzle box methodology
were subjected to detailed criticism by behaviourist and
many other psychologists. The criticisms over the law of
effect mostly cover four aspects of the theory: the
implied or retroactive working of the effect, the
philosophical implication of the law, the identification of
the effective conditions that cause learning, and the
comprehensive usefulness of the law.
14. Connectionism was meant to be a
general theory of learning for animals
and humans. Thorndike was especially
interested in the application of his
theory to education including
mathematics (Thorndike, 1922),
spelling and reading (Thorndike, 1921),
measurement of intelligence
(Thorndike 1927) and adult learning
(Thorndike 1928).