This document discusses congenital heart disease (CHD), which occurs when the heart fails to develop normally before birth. CHD is classified as cyanotic or acyanotic, depending on whether oxygen levels are low. Common types of CHD include ventricular septal defect, atrial septal defect, tetralogy of Fallot, and transposition of the great arteries. Symptoms vary depending on the type of defect but may include feeding problems, fatigue, poor growth, and infections. Diagnosis involves tests like echocardiograms and chest x-rays. Treatment options include medication, surgery to repair or palliate defects, and lifestyle management to support general well-being.

1. Mr. Pratik Trivedi
OT MANAGER

2.  Prevalence
 Classification of congenital heart defects
 Briefly discuss about Clinical Signs,
Diagnostic & Surgery
 Management

3.  Definition :-
Failure of normal cardiac development or
persistent of the fetal circulation after birth.
 CHD is the most common group of
structural malformations in children.

4.  Understanding the fetal circulation helps
clarify how some forms of congenital heart
disease occur.
 The fetus has only a small flow of blood
through the lungs, as it does not breathe in
utero.
 The fetal circulation allows oxygenated blood
from the placenta to pass directly to the left
side of the heart through the foramen ovale
without having to flow through the lungs.

6.  33% of all birth defects
 In US alone 35,000 babies are born with heart
defects every year
 In India approx. 1,90,000 to 2,50,000 babies
are born with heart defects every year
 Prevalence of 8 per 1000 births
 1 million grown up adults with heart defects

7. Congenital Heart
Disease
(CHD)
Acyanotic
Cyanotic

9. Acyanotic
Left-to-Right shunts
Pulmonary Blood
flow high
Ventricular
Septal
Defect
(VSD)
Persistent
Ductus
Arteriosus
(PDA)
Atrial
Septal
Defect
(ASD
Outflow obstruction
from ventricles
Coarctation
of aorta
Pulmonary
Stenosis
Aortic
Stenosis

12. Cyanotic
Right-to-Left shunts
Pulmonary Blood
flow Low
Tetralogy of
Fallot (TOF)
Tricuspid
atresia
Mixed Blood Flow
Transposition
of the great
arteries
Total
anomalous
pulmonary
venous
return
(TAPVC)
Truncus
arteriosus

15.  Feeding problems
 Fatigue and excessive sweating
 Severe growth impairment
 Recurrent chest infection

16.  Must be careful
 Some of the symptoms are very subtle.
 Obtain a detailed prenatal history including
exposure to infections, medication usage, drug
and alcohol use, nutrition and exposure to
radiation.
 Maternal Diabetes , Obesity, Hypertension, Fever
 Parental Family history of CHD
 Mother did Smoking during the pregnancy

17.  Signs of poor growth
 Tachypnea – Related to Lungs - rapid
breathing – Normally 20 breaths/min
 Sub costal recession - Respiratory distress
 Tachycardia
 Cyanosis
 Peri orbital oedema - Swelling in the tissues
around the eye
 Murmur - extra or unusual sound heard
during a heartbeat

18.  Chest X-ray
 ECG
 ECHO
 Blood GasTest
 Full Infection Screen
 Assessment of Renal Function

19.  MEDICATION
 SURGERY
 CLOSURE DEVICETHERAPY
 IMPROVING GENERALWELL BEING

20.  Improving cardiac function
 Removing accumulated fluid and
sodium
 Decrease cardiac demands
 Improve tissue O2
 Improve nutrition and hydration
 Prevention of infection
 Patient and family support

21.  Parents taking a child with a heart defect home
should have discharge planning which
includes name/number of the specialist and all
emergency numbers.
 Provide CPR training to his/her Parents.
 Should not allow a child with a cyanotic heart
defect or severe aortic stenosis to cry for
extended periods of time.

22. ANY QUESTIONS ?
THANK
YOU