Congenital means “Existing at the birth” Congenital Heart Disease in Children is caused when a child is born with irregular heart structure or defects in the heart. Many Best Cardiologist in Hyderabad and around the world proved that this disease is caused only in infants and children. This ppt explains you the root cause of the congenital heart disease (CHD) or defects with the flaws in it.

1. How to detect & diagnose Congenital Heart
Disease in Children?
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2.  Congenital means “Existing at the birth”
Congenital Heart Disease in Children is caused
when a child is born with irregular heart structure
or defects in the heart. Best Cardiologist in
Hyderabad says that it is mainly caused in
children from the birth.
 According to best cardiologist in Kukatpally
Hyderabad, people in general refer congenital
heart disease in the prospective of a disease. But in
reality it is not a disease, it is a defect or
abnormality caused because of heart alignment.

4. Do you know?
 Every year 1.35 million babies are born
with congenital heart disease every year.
 25% of Kids within the age of 2 years may
need to undergo surgery.
 1-3% of children develop Atrioventricular
(AV) block due to CHD surgery.

5. How heart defects grow in children or infant
 When a woman is pregnant, during the period of
first 6 months heart takes shape and starts
beating.
 The blood vessels present in the heart also starts
growing.
 This is the root time of causing heart defects in
various heart parts.

6. Categories of Congenital Heart Disease in
Congenital Heart Defects in Children:
Cyanotic
 Fallot’s tetralogy.
 Transposition of the great arteries.
 Tricuspid atresia: A complete absence of the tricuspid
valve, an ASD must be present to maintain blood flow.
 Total anomalous pulmonary venous return: all four
pulmonary veins are malposition and make anomalous
connections to the systemic venous circulation.

8.  Persistent truncus arteriosus.
 Hypoplastic left heart: the left side of the
heart is severely underdeveloped.
 Pulmonary atresia: the pulmonary valve is
completely closed and the only source of
pulmonary blood flow is a PDA.
 Ebstein’s anomaly.

9. Types of congenital heart defects
Few children are born with simple and normal problems and
few are born with the serious and complex problem. The
below listed problems are generally seen in Congenital
Heart Defects in Children respectively said by the best
cardiologist in Hyderabad India.
Holes in heart: Holes can form either in between the heart
walls or blood vessels in the heart. These holes allow
oxygen-rich and oxygen-poor blood to flow through the
heart and other body parts. The blood mixture which is
passed through all the body parts contains very less
amount of oxygen and leads to blue skin color.

10. Blood flow blockage: This happens when blood vessels or
heart valves are narrow and this leads to harder blood
pumping into the heart. In this there are two types:
 Pulmonary stenosis: This occurs when blood flows from
the right ventricle to the lungs in the valve through the
artery is too narrow for the proper functionality.
 Aortic stenosis: This occurs when aortic valve allows blood
flow from the left ventricle to the full body is too narrow to
flow the blood which makes heart to function very hardly
ultimately makes the heart thicker and enlarges the heart.

11. Abnormal blood vessels: This happens when blood vessels are
not formed correctly which helps in blood flow in the
heart.
 Transposition of the great arteries: It is the condition
caused due to the abnormal blood vessels. It occurs when
pulmonary artery and the aorta are positioned on the
wrong side of the heart.
 Coarctation of the aorta: It causes due to the high blood
pressure. It occurs when blood vessel which supplies blood
to the heart is too narrow to flow.
 Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection: It is a
defect occurs when blood vessels from the lungs are linked
to wrong positioned in the heart.

13.  Abnormalities in heart valve: These abnormalities include
closing of heart valves which stops blood flow.
 Immature development of heart: Some parts of the heart
fail to develop because of this defect.
 Combinational defects: Many infants or children are born
with several defects. Tetralogy of Fallot is a combination of
four defects namely a hole in the wall between the heart’s
ventricles, a narrowed passage between the right ventricle
and pulmonary artery, a shift in the connection of the
aorta to the heart, and thickened muscle in the right
ventricle.

14. Risk Factors of congenital heart disease in
infants
According to the best Interventional
cardiologist in Hyderabad, there are various
risk factors which cause congenital heart
defects and few are the root causes. Some of
the major and important risk factors are
listed below.

15. Diabetes: A pregnant mother with diabetes will create CHD
in their baby or the adult with congenital heart defects will
have severe effects of diabetes.

16. Rubella: A German measles, rubella is a virus which if
spread in the body leads to congenital heart defects in the
infants.

17. Medications: Consuming more number of medications either
in a pregnant woman or adult person will increases the
risk of CHD.

18. Smoking: Person with smoking habits during the pregnancy
increases the chance of CHD among new born babies. As
smoking damages the baby’s body and heart with the
chemicals present in it.

19. Heredity: Few new born babies are affected with congenital
heart disease due to the heredity among their family
members.

20. Alcohol: Alcohol consumption among parents without any
limits affects widely on kids, infants, and babies.

21. Other Complications
 The risk of infective endocarditis.
 Failure to thrives
 Difficulty in joining the games and sports
among children.
 Causes polycythaemia due to cyanosis – a
haemoglobin increases more than 20g/dL
and results in blood difficulty.

22. Symptoms of Congenital Heart Defects
Symptoms
Complex Congenital heart defects: These problems
starts either from the time of birth or after few
months of birth. The main signs and symptoms
include the following.
 Blue skin color or Pale grey color.
 Rapid breathing without any pause.
 Burn nostrils.
 Swelling in the legs, abdomen, around eyes.
 Poor gain weight.

24. Normal Congenital heart defects: These sorts
of diseases may not be treated in early
childhood. They can be treated when a child
has grown up. The signs may not have any
noticeable problems. If they can be
identified in older age below may be
included.
 Breathing problems during exercise or
activity.
 Rapid tiredness.
 Swelling in hands, ankles and feet.

26. General Signs of congenital heart disease in
babies
 Heart murmur
 Abnormal heart sounds
 Fast breathing
 Poor feeding
 Very less Weight gain
 Excessive sweating

28. Tests for Congenital heart disease
Cardiac catheterization: It is used to know the
detailed view on child’s heart. In this test, a thin
and flexible tube is inserted into child’s heart and
through blood vessels.
Chest X-Ray: It is used to check heart size as
whether it is enlarged or not. It is processed by
taking a simple x-ray of the heart.
Echocardiogram: It is used to diagnose the
congenital defect after an infant is born.
Ultrasound is performed to check heart motion
and sounds along with the identification of the
abnormalities of kids’ heart.

30.  Electrocardiogram (ECG/EKG): It is used to record the
electrical activity of the heart. It helps in diagnosis of the
heart rhythm is any problem is formed. Waves are printed
through the Electrodes which are placed on baby’s chest
are connected to the computer and printer.
 Fetal Echocardiogram: It helps in detecting any sort of
heart defect when the child is in mother’s womb i.e., before
the child born defects can be identified.
 Pulse oximetry: It measures the oxygen content present in
the child’s blood. Through sensor oxygen content can be
identified and recorded. The less amount of oxygen can
lead to heart defects.

32. Treatments for Congenital Heart Defects in
Children and small babies
 Procedures using catheterization
 Open-heart surgery
 Heart transplant
 Medications
 Lifelong monitoring and treatment
 Exercise restrictions
 Infection prevention

33. Prevention
 Many congenital heart defects are not
preventable. But here are few tips which help in
preventing it.
 Avoid drugs and alcohol consumption during
pregnancy which may prevent congenital disease.
Avoid rubella syndrome by taking vaccination to
prevent congenital disease in children and infants.
 Avoid contact with organic solvents such as the
chemicals used in dry cleaning, paint thinners, nail
polish remover, etc.

34.  Keep yourself away from viral infections
during pregnancy time especially infections
related to upper respiratory tract.
 Congenital heart anomalies can be
diagnosed during pregnancy before delivery
time through antenatal scan.
 During pregnancy period every woman
should intake 400micrograms of folic acid
every day.

35. Growth Development tips for the Congenital Heart
Defects in Children
Nutrition needs: Nutritional issues effects more to CHD
developed kids compared to normal child. Few of the
issues may include:
 The heart pumping should be much faster to meet the
kid’s needs.
 More stress on the kids mind and body due to CHD.
 Lack of oxygen levels in the body.
 Rapid tiredness in the kid.
 Due to very less oxygen kid may not observe nutrients as
per normal kids.

37. Pubescence Growth: Many advanced treatments are found
by many scientists around the world. They might be cured
but the issues related to this CHD may be serious and
affect a kid’s life as they grow up. The issues may include
below:
 Confidence of being independent
 Choosing collage and career
 Getting into marriage
 Having an own family
 Pregnancy difficulties
 Health and Life insurance disapprovals
 Travelling around by their own
 Relocation whenever there is a need

38. Development forethoughts: The following reasons
include the development issues in every kid
affected by the congenital heart disease:
 Lack of energy in the kid will lead to an immature
growth of body parts such as brain, muscles,
bones and nerve system.
 Continuous illness and frequent hospitalization
will make a kid more depressed.
 Genetic problems related to heart defects and
diseases will reduce kid’s development according
to the age.

40. Keep Active: Keep kids and children active through
the daily routines and make them happy mentally
and physically.
 Activities such as exercise, walking, dancing or
other activities which include physical activities.
 Best cardiologist in Apollo Hyderabad doctors
suggests at least a kid should involve in half an
hour exercise which can split and performed with
multiple intervals.
 Consult doctors before you start any sort of
exercise to the kids as few children body may not
support for much more physical activity.

42. Sleep: When children sleep peacefully then
only they will be active.
 The amount of sleep a kid should get
depends upon the age.
 But minimum 8-9 hours’ sleep is
recommended by the doctors to any human.
 Never exceed the limit of watching TV or
using computer in the night times.

44. Foods and other factors for the congenital
heart disease in new born and kids
 It is recommended to follow proper diet and
food for the CHD affected kids. This will
make them positively grow in every aspect.
Few foods and minerals are provided
below.
 Remember always to either feed or eat any
sort of food in limited quantity and prefer
only organic nature-friendly and healthy
food.

45. Dairy products:
 Add more content of high-calories milk in
child’s food. Breastfeeding is prioritized and
recommended.
 Add low-fat cheese and other dairy
products.

48. High Calories foods:
High calories foods and snacks are more preferred as they
provide good number of supplements to the body.

49. Fruits:
 Fruit juices
 Any types of fruits are suitable for the kids
affected with congenital heart disease.
 Add plenty of fruit juices every day. Do not
use any extra or added sugars in the juice.

51. Proteins:
 Protein rich content is very good for health
and increases the potential energy in the
body.
 Protein foods such as meat, fish, poultry,
nuts, beans have high amount of proteins
and other minerals.

53. Foods to be avoided
 Stop providing a high content of sugar
products.
 Avoid cool drinks.
 Stop feeding junk foods.
 Never allow your child to eat fast foods or
saturated foods.
 Avoid high-fat content foods.
 Always prefer organic and healthy foods.

55. Diet Tips for the children heart defects in
babies
 Use less content of sodium or salt in the food
 Avoid excess amount of sugar
 Never keep your kid’s stomach empty.
 Feed child for every little time gap.
 Use whole grains instead of refined grains

57.  Use low-fat or non-fat products
 Always maintain a balanced diet.
 Use vegetable oil instead of refined oil.
 Eat more amounts of fish and other protein-
rich food.
 Encourage organic and home food.

59. Side effects of congenital heart disease in
infants
 The kid may look thinner, younger compared to normal
kids of same age.
 Child’s height and weight may be very less than the other
children of same age.
 The development process will be very slow than other
healthy kids.
 Special training for daily routines such as toilet, sitting,
walking, etc. may require for the CHD affected kids.
 No content of proteins, minerals, vitamins and other
nutritional food even after the high amount of nutrition
consumption.

60. Challenges faced because of Congenital Heart
disease in children by the parents
 Learning more specialized parenting skills to handle the
kid.
 Becoming expert and self-learner to know in detail about
kids’ condition.
 Problem solving capabilities faced every day.
 More concern and increase in safety of the child.
 Handling and struggling for the financial stability.
 Making time and maintaining a proper schedule for the
regular medical check-ups of the child.

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