This document discusses conflict management and peace building. It defines conflict as disagreement between two or more parties that can be both positive and negative. The document outlines various causes of conflict and methods for handling conflict, including competing, accommodating, avoiding, collaborating and compromising. It also discusses specific dispute resolution methods like negotiation, mediation and arbitration. The document provides characteristics of effective negotiators and conditions for successful mediation. It emphasizes using conflict as a natural resource and addressing interests rather than positions to solve problems in a mutually agreeable manner.

1. Conflict Management and
Peace Building
Presenter: Lamin K. Sonko
松明愷

2. What is a Conflict?

3. Definition
• Two people disagree about something
• Natural part of life
• Problem is inevitable
• Can be positive and healthy
• Can be negative in terms of disagreement, hurt
feelings and fracture relationships

4. The Conflict web
• Stagnation in groups
• Problems aired & resolved
• New learning & awareness
• Personal & social change

5. Causes of Conflict
• Conflict over resources
• Conflicts over psychological needs
• Conflicts involving values
Escalation
 Lack of necessary peacemaking skills
 De-escalation
 Use of conflict resolution skills

6. Conflict Handling Modes
• Competing
• Accommodating
• Avoiding
• Collaborating
• Compromising

7. Methods of Handling Conflict
• Avoidance
• Defusion
• Power
• Negotiation

8. Method of Dispute Resolution
• Negotiation
Two or more parties confer with the goal of resoling differences between
them, without assistance from another party.
• Mediation
A neutral third party assists conflicted parties to confer with the goal of
resolving differences between them, in a manner that leaves the outcome
in the hands of the parties.
• Arbitration
A third party listens to conflicted parties and makes a decision regarding
issues of dispute between them. The parties have more control over the
process than in adjudication, but fewer options with regard to appeal of
outcome.

9. Mapping Conflicts

10. Characteristics of Effective Negotiators
1. Effective negotiators are well prepared
2. Effective negotiators avoid ultimatums, strong opinions and defensiveness
3. Effective negotiators are creative problem solvers
4. Effective negotiators make trade-offs rather than concessions.
5. Effective negotiators give validity to the views of others.
6. Effective negotiators give attention to areas of common ground.
7. Effective negotiators take more time before offering counter proposals.
8. Effective negotiators are clear communicators.
9. Effective negotiators give reasons when they disagree.
10. Effective negotiators summarize and test for understanding
11. Effective negotiators ask more questions than average negotiators
12. Effective negotiators give information about their internal thoughts and
feelings
13. Effective negotiators use appropriate dress, language and customs depending
on the situation.

11. Condition for Mediation

12. Interest Based Problem Solving
• Use Conflict as a Natural Resource
• Respect people; Attack problem
• Interest based solving problem
Raise the issue clearly & with respect
Explore issues to discover underlying interests
Invent Options for Mutual Gains
Develop Agreements Based on Objective
Standards

13. Role Play Scenario
• Think of a problem and use one
of the dispute method skills to
solved:
• Negotiation, Mediation or
Arbitration
• Define the cause of the conflict

14. 謝謝Thank you