This document discusses different models and approaches to community development including a social justice model, an ecological model, and the importance of community participation and process. It provides examples of how community development can work in practice including a young women's soccer program that was identified as a need by the Somali community and led to other opportunities beyond just soccer. The roles involved in community development like facilitator, teacher, and organizer are also mentioned.

1. Models of
Community
Development

2. Community Development
A Social Justice Model
Jim Ife and Frank Tesoriero (2006)
! Addressing structural disadvantage
! Empowerment
! Identifying the need
! Human Rights
! Valuing local knowledge, culture,
resources, skills and processes

3. Community Development
An Ecological Model
Jim Ife and Frank Tesoriero (2006)
! Holistic
! Sustainability
! Diversity
! Developmental
! Consider all aspects of community life

4. What about the Process?
! Process V’s Outcome
! Participation - working in partnership with
the community
! Inclusiveness and Cooperation
! Community Building
! Give the process TIME

5. Community Participation
Continuum
Level of Participation Description
High Has control Organisation asks the community to
identify the problem and make all key
decisions on goals and means.
Delegated control Organisation identifies the problem, and
asks community to make some decisions
based on their plan
Plans jointly Organisation presents a tentative plan,
and are open to advice from those affected
Advises Organisation presents a plan / program
and invites questions
Are consulted Organisation tries to promote a plan /
program, asks for feedback, but may or
may not use the feedback
Receives information Organisation makes a plan and announces
it. Community is convened so the
information can be shared
Low None Community is told nothing

6. What does this mean in our work?
! Relationship based – trust & respect
! Support community to identify the needs
! Community ownership
! Valuing local knowledge, skills &
experience
! Interconnectedness
! Using multiple strategies

7. Example of Community Development in practice
Young Women’s Soccer Program
! Women from the Somali community identified the need
“We want our GIRLS to play soccer and represent our community”
! Community meetings and support
! Culturally appropriate program
! Partnerships with other organisations
! Driven by the young women
! Links to SA Women’s Clubs
! Commitment from partner
agencies for the past 7 years

8. Example of Community Development in practice
It’s not all about Soccer......
! Leadership opportunities for young women through training
! Peer Educators planed a workshop series
! Safe environment to talk about topics such as sexual health,
relationships, family, drugs and alcohol, mental health,
nutrition and culture
! Young women began
accessing services
! One Peer Educator
gained employment
in the program

9. Community Development Roles
! The Facilitator
! The Teacher
! The Organiser
! Information Sharing