The document discusses different types of condensers. It begins by explaining that a condenser is a heat exchanger that converts a working fluid from a gas to a liquid state using a coolant like water. It then describes jet condensers which directly mix exhaust steam and cooling water, surface condensers which separate steam and water with a heat transfer wall, and evaporative condensers which use evaporating cooling water to provide cooling. The document also compares jet and surface condensers and classifies condensers based on their external cooling fluid, such as air, water, or evaporative cooling.

1. Condenser
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2. Introduction
 It is a device which condenses working fluid with the help of cooling media
(another circulating fluid).
 A condenser is a type of heat exchanger in which vapors are transferred into
liquid state by removing the latent heat with the help of a coolant such as water.
 Condensers are basically heat exchangers in which the refrigerant undergoes a
phase change.
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3. Working
 In condenser Latent heat of a substance in vapour form is removed and it is
converted into liquid form.
 Condensation can be done by removing heat from steam using circulating cooling
water.
 During condensation, the working substance changes its phase from vapour to
liquid and rejects latent heat.
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4. Jet Condensers
 In jet condensers exhaust steam and
cooling water come in direct contact
and mix up together. Thus, the final
temperature of condensate and cooling
water leaving the condenser is same.
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5.  A jet condenser is very simple in design and
cheaper.
 It can be used when cooling water is cheaply and
easily available.
 Condensate can not be reused in boiler, because it
contains impurities like dust, oil, metal particles
etc.
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6. Surface Condensers
 In surface condenser, the exhaust steam and cooling water do not
come in physical contact, rather they are separated by heat transfer
wall. Hence condensate remains pure & can be reused.
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7. Evaporative Condenser
 The evaporation of some
cooling water provides the
cooling effect, thereby
steam condenses.
 Steam to be condensed is
passed through grilled tubes
& cooling water is sprayed
over outer surface of tubes.
 The evaporative condensers
are most suitable for small
plants, where supply of cold
water is limited.
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8. Comparison of Jet & Surface
CondensersJet Condensers
1) Cooling water and steam are mixed up
2) The condensate cannot be used as feed
water to boiler unless it is free from
impurities
3) More power is required for air pump
4) Less power is required for water pump
5) Requires less quantity of cooling water
6) Less suitable for high capacity plants due
to low vacuum efficiency
Surface Condensers
1) Cooling water & steam aren’t mixed up
2) The condensate can be used as feed water
to boiler as it is not mixed with cooling
water
3) Less power is required for air pump
4) More power is required for water pump
5) Requires large quantity of cooling water
6) More suitable for high capacity plants as
vacuum efficiency is high
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9. Elements in condensing plant 9

10. Classification of condensers
Based on the external fluid, condensers can be classified as:
a) Air cooled condensers
b) Water cooled condensers
c) Evaporative condensers
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11. Air-cooled condensers
 This is the condenser in which the removal of heat is done by air.
 These condensers are the most popular type used on small commercial and
domestic refrigeration and air conditioning units.
 They consist of steel or copper tubing through which the refrigerant flows.
 Tubes are usually provided with plate type fins to increase the surface area
for heat transfer.
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12. Air cooled condenser 12

13. Water Cooled Condensers
 In water cooled condensers water is the external fluid. Depending
upon the construction, water cooled condensers can be further
classified.
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14. Water cooled condensers
 The refrigerant condenses on or in the condenser tubes,
giving up its heat to the cooling water. The high pressure
liquid refrigerant from the condenser then passes through
the expansion device that reduces the refrigerant pressure
and temperature as it enters the evaporator.
 Double pipe or tube-in-tube type
 Shell-and-coil type
 Shell-and-tube type
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15. Double pipe or tube-in-tube type 15

16. Shell-and-coil type 16

17. Shell-and-tube type 17

18. Evaporative Condenser
 Evaporative Condenser is also named Evaporative Cooler.
It’s a type of cooling equipment utilizing the evaporation
of spray water, to absorb the heat from the flowing
gaseous refrigerant of high temperature inside the
condensing coils, and cool the refrigerant from gaseous
state to liquid form.
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