The document discusses FDI in India, specifically in retail. It provides background on FDI and explains that the cabinet approved 51% FDI in multi-brand retail and 100% FDI in single-brand retail. While farmers may benefit, small traders argue they cannot withstand competition. The document also discusses debates around the potential positives, like improved supply chains, and negatives, like displacement of small shops. It provides an example of single-brand retail rules for Ikea and conditions around local sourcing norms.

1. FDI in India:
What’s all the
discussion about?

2. The cabinet said OK for 51% FDI in multi-brand retail sector & 100% FDI in
single brand. On one hand farmers will benefit from it but on the other
hand small traders feel they will not be able to withstand the
competition. Will India in general benefit from this step?

3. The Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in any country abroad is the net inflow of
investment (capital or other), in order to acquire management control and profit
sharing or the whole ownership of an accredited company operating in the
country receiving investment. The foreign direct investment generally
encompasses the transfer of technology and expertise, and participation in the
joint venture and management. Highly productive advantages of foreign direct
investment have constantly been harvested by both government and private
companies and organizations all over the world.

4. India ranks third in the list of most attractive FDI destinations as per Ernst
&Young's 2012 European attractiveness survey
India is fast gaining importance world-wide as the country has become an
investment hub over the last decade. Global investors have retained their faith in
the resilient Indian economy even during the toughest of the times. As a
result, India enjoyed high foreign inflows and investments when rest of the
world was struggling to even survive.
According to a UN report, foreign investments in India could increase by more
than 20 per cent in 2012-13.

5. Last year the government had attempted to allow 51 per cent FDI in the
segment but had to suspend the move following widespread opposition,
including from its own allies.
It, however, had gone ahead with increasing FDI in single brand retail to
100 per cent from the earlier 51 per cent with a condition that 30 per cent
of products must be sourced from small and medium enterprises in India

6. FDI in ‘Single brand’ retail implies that a retail store with foreign investment can only
sell one brand.
In single-brand retail, FDI 100% per cent is allowed, subject to Foreign Investment
Promotion Board (FIPB) approval and subject to the conditions that:
(a) Only single brand products would be sold (i.e., retail of goods of multi-brand
even if produced by the same manufacturer would not be allowed),
(b) Products should be sold under the same brand internationally,
(c) Single-brand product retail would only cover products which are branded during
manufacturing &
(d) Any addition to product categories to be sold under “single-brand” would require
fresh approval from the government.
For example: If Adidas were to obtain permission to retail its flagship brand in India,
those retail outlets could only sell products under the Adidas brand and not the
Reebok brand, for which separate permission is required. If granted permission,
Adidas could sell products under the Reebok brand in separate outlets.

7. FDI in Multi Brand retail implies that a retail store with a foreign investment can
sell multiple brands under one roof.
Opening up FDI in multi-brand retail means that global retailers including WalMart, Carrefour and Tesco can open stores offering a range of household items
and grocery directly to consumers in the same way as the ubiquitous
’kirana’ store.
Policy: 51% FDI allowed

8.  Improvement in the supply chain: FDI allows end-to-end integration in
the farm to folk supply chain. With that investment wastage levels can
go down significantly
 The technology transfer that will happen because of the integration
between the retail chain and the farmer will ultimately lead to a
productivity improvement
 Employment creation

9.  Multinational companies and Chinese goods will flood the market at
cheaper rates and there will be no takers for local products
 Entry of MNC supermarket and hypermarket chains would cause severe
displacement of small and unorganised shopkeepers and traders
 MNC retailers will push prices paid to farmers and manufacturers down
rather than raising them, and producers unable to accept such
concessions would simply go out of business

11. The entry of …

12. With bigger brands like Walmart, Starbucks and Carrefour eyeing the Indian
market, why is Ikea’s entry in India under the spotlight?
The single brand retailer is looking to invest Euro 1.5 billion (around Rs 10,500
Crore) over a period of 15 to 20 years. In a phased rollout, it plans to set up 25
furniture stores, restaurants and food marts under the IKEA brand. While initially it
would invest Euro 600 million (Rs 4,200 Crore), another Euro 900 million (Rs 6,300
Crore) would come later.

13. Conditions from government:
•Mandatory sourcing of at least 30% of the value of products sold would have to
be done from Indian small industries/village and cottage industries, artisans and
craftsmen', when foreign investment in a venture exceeded 51%
The rule was designed to ensure that India's manufacturing sector benefits from
foreign money rather than being muscled aside by imports. But it represents a
headache for retailers looking for scale and reliable, high quality suppliers.
Concern for India:
•Luxury brands who may not have anything to source from India would prefer to
continue with 51%
• Other Brands: If they find small companies to partner in India to source products
locally, giving business to them would mean they would soon breach the
definition of small companies according to the Indian government. Scaling up
business would require more investments in plant and machinery, leading to the
small suppliers breaching the investment ceiling specified for SSIs in the policy.

14. Image Source: ET
IKEA has asked for a 10-year window to comply with the rule; a time
frame the government considers to be too long.

15. Expected changes in policies for single-brand:
• Local sourcing norms could be modified with the 30% requirement applying to
costs and not to sales, as currently stipulated. Retailers are likely to be allowed to
meet these norms over a period of time and not from the first day of operations.
• Moreover, the condition that retailers can buy only from vendors whose
investment in plant and machinery is less than $1 million, in order to meet this
sourcing requirement, will also be relaxed.
For multi-brand:
• The new rules may commit supermarkets to strict local sourcing requirements and
minimum investment levels aimed at protecting jobs.