The document provides an overview of basic computer concepts including: - Hardware components like the monitor, keyboard, mouse, printer, and different types of storage devices. - Software types including operating systems, applications, and programming software. - Common Windows tasks like starting up, using the desktop and icons, opening programs from the Start menu and taskbar, and manipulating windows. - Low-level concepts such as what a byte is in terms of bits and how data storage units like kilobytes and megabytes are defined.

1. Today’s session we will review:
• Hardware/Software
• Managing Windows
• Opening & Closing
Programs
• Parts of the computer
• Startup/Shutdown

2. What is a Computer?

3. What is a Computer?
• A general-purpose machine that processes
data according to a set of instructions that
are stored internally either temporarily or
permanently.

4. Graphic Representation of Computer Components:

5. The basic system including keyboard, mouse and monitor.

6. Basic Parts?
• The computer and all
equipment attached to it
are called hardware.
• The instructions that
tell it what to do are
called software.

7. Hardware
• The hardware is the part of the computer you can
touch and see.

8. Hardware
• The Monitor is the display screen, similar to
a television screen.
• The Computer, tower or case is the heart of
the system. This is a box that contains all
the parts that make the computer work.
• The Keyboard is what you type on, similar
to a typewriter.
• The Mouse is the small hand held device
that attaches to the computer. It may have
two or three buttons. The mouse is used to
move the cursor (pointer) on the computer
screen.

9. Hardware
• The Printer is a device that puts what you have
created on to paper.
• The Scanner similar to a color photocopier is a
device that captures pictures or documents, so that
they can be seen or used on the computer.
• The Laptop also known as a notebook computer is
a small personal computer designed for mobile use.
A laptop integrates all of the typical components of
a desktop computer, including a display, a
keyboard, a pointing device (a touchpad, also
known as a track pad, or a pointing stick) and a
battery into a single portable unit.

10. Hardware
• A Floppy Disk (sometimes just called a “disk”)
looks like a plastic card that can be put into a slot
in the front of the computer. These disks hold
information and can be used to exchange
information between computers. This type of data
storage is archaic and obsolete.
• A CD-ROM is very similar to a stereo’s CD
player. It not only plays music but can also
retrieve information stored on CD's. It is also
available in other formats such as DVD-ROM.

11. Software
• Software is a part of the computer you cannot touch.
• Software consist of computer programs and
procedures that perform some tasks on your
computer.
• Computer software is divided into three basic types.

12. Software
• System software
• Operating System is the base program
on a computer is considered system
software. It tells the computer how to
work or operate. The operating system
also allows you to load other programs
that do specialized tasks on to your
computer. (ex.
Windows XP and Vista)

13. Software
• Application software
• Application software allows you to
accomplish one or more specific (non-
computer related) tasks. Such as
computer games for entertainment or
Microsoft Word for typing.

14. Software
• Programming software
• Programming software
provides tools to assist a
computer programmer in
writing programs and
software.

15. How to Start?

16. How to start?
• Power Up
• Turning on your Computer
• Universal Power Symbol – most
electronic devices such as computers,
printers and scanners will have a button
that displays this symbol. Simply, press
the corresponding button to power up
your computer.
• Turning off your Computer
• When powering down your computer,
check to make sure all programs are
closed and files are saved. Properly
remove any connected devices, such as
Mp3 players and USB Flash Drives.
• Click “Start” then “Shutdown” to
power off your computer.

17. Operating System
• is the operating system
used for this class. As an operating
system Windows XP manages all that
the computer does. The main screen is
called the "Desktop" you can get to
everything your computer can do.

18. “Desktop”

19. Icons
• On the desktop screen you will see several
small pictures. These pictures are called
"Icons." Double clicking the left mouse
button on an Icon will start the programs
it represents. Another way to start
programs is by using the “Start” button
can do.

20. “Icons”

21. “Start”
• The "Start" button is probably the most used
part of the Windows Desktop. The start
button is where you access all the programs
on the computer. When you click on the
"Start" button you will be shown a menu of
the major computer headings. These headings
provide access to the major programs on your
computer.
“Start
”

22. Menus
• When you click on the "Start" button a
menu with options will appear. Moving the
mouse over the items in the menu causes
them to highlight. Clicking on a
highlighted item will open that program.
To close the "Start" menu click on the
screen anywhere other then the menu.

23. “Menu”

24. Selecting a program
• Moving the mouse over a menu item
marked with an arrow as shown
below will open another list with
more options.

25. Selecting a program
• To see all the programs
available for you to use on
your computer click on the
Start button and in the menu
that appears, highlight the item
named “Programs.” A new list
will appear that holds more
selections. Explore these lists
to see all the programs
available to you. When you
have found the program that
you want to use click on its
icon.
“Programs”
List

26. Taskbar
• The taskbar can be recognized by the "Start" button
located on its left hand side and the clock on its
right. To switch between programs that are running at
the same time, click on the program buttons shown on
the taskbar. This is demonstrated below. Windows has
the ability to run several programs at once and to easily
switch back and forth between running programs. All
programs currently running are shown on the windows
"taskbar." The taskbar is a bar with pictures on in it
that runs across the very bottom of the screen.
“Taskbar”

27. What is a “Window”?
• A Window is one of many basic feature of the
Microsoft Windows Operating System
Software. Windows allow you perform
multiple tasks by running multiple programs
simultaneously.

28. “Window”

29. Moving your program window.
• Click and hold down the mouse button on the colored
bar at the top of any program window. While holding
down the mouse button drag the window to where you
would like it on the screen. This cannot be done when
a window is open to full screen.
“Colored Bar”

30. Moving your program window.
• Close -- Click on the button marked with an
“x.” Clicking on this button stops the program
you are using.
• Restore -- This button will restore a program's
window to its original size. The original size of a
window is a little bit smaller then full screen.
• Maximize -- This button opens a program's
window so that it fills the screen as much as it
can.
• Minimize -- This button puts a program on hold
and places it on the taskbar at the bottom of your
screen. To re-open a program that is on the
taskbar click on the box which represents the
program you want to open.

31. Moving your program window.
• Resizing -- When the mouse (cursor) is
positioned over this part of the program
window, a set of arrows appears. When
these arrows appear click and hold the
mouse button down. You will now be able
to stretch the program window in any
direction.
Resizing”

32. Black arrows appear when pointing to any edge of a Window, left click and hold to resize.

33. I’ve heard those words,
but what’s a Byte??
All the information that moves through
your computer is based on 2
commands. That’s all, just two.
The two commands are ON and OFF.
They are symbolized by 1’s and 0’s.

34. That’s right! The only information your
computer can understand is ON (1) and OFF (0)!
The millions of combinations of those two
commands given in series are what makes your
computer work.

35. The memory chips in your
computer are divided into
thousands of tiny compartments
called bits.
Each and every bit has an
electronic switch, or gate. ON
means the gate is open and
letting electricity through.

36. Remember, the computer reads ON or open bits
or switches as the number 1.
Closed switches are OFF because electricity
can’t get through. The computer reads OFF bits
or switches as 0.

37. It is by grouping these bits together to form 1/0
commands that data is formed.
Eight bits are grouped together to form one byte.
In that group of 8, there are 256 possible combinations
of 1/0.
Wow!! The grouping of 1/0 within a byte is called
Binary Code.
Binary Code is the language of computers.

38. And, then what?
Coding Schemes define the patterns of
bytes
• Coding schemes, such as ASCII,
EBCDIC, and Unicode, provide the
means to interact with a computer
that recognizes only bits (on/off
states).
• When you press a letter on a
keyboard, the electronic signals are
converted into binary form and
stored into memory. The computer
then processes the data as bytes of
information and converts them to the
letters you see on the monitor screen
or on a printed page.

39. So what about Megabytes
and Gigabytes????

40. Bytes, Kilobytes,
Megabytes and Gigabytes
• Byte 8 Bits=1 byte
• KB Kilobyte=1,024 bytes
• MB Megabyte=1,024 Kilobytes
• GB Gigabyte=1,024 Megabytes
• TB Terabyte=1,024 Gigabytes
• PB Petabyte=1,024 Terabytes
• EB Exabyte=1,024 Petabytes