MLIS-Workshop AIOU 2013, Computerized ‎Information Storage, Library and information ‎science, LIS Studies, , Information Management, ‎Information storage, Computer Science, ‎Information science, Information technology, ‎Computer basics

1. FUNDAMENTALS OF
COMPUTERIZED
INFORMATION STORAGE
INTRODUCTION TO LIBRARY & INFORMATION SCIENCES (5501)
WORKSHOP SPRING 2013
By: Huma Malik
Librarian, Preston University, Islamabad

2. Introduction
Purpose of storing data
Computerized storage
Information storage
Computerized information systems & role
of human
Types of information storage and retrieval
(ISAR) systems
Conclusion
CONTENTS

3.  KIND OF DATA IN A LIBRARY
A library stores large amounts of
information; for example,
–a library's catalogue may comprise
billions and trillions characters; and
–its books, more than 100 millions and
trillions characters.
INTRODUCTION

4.  RETRIEVAL TOOLS
The tools for retrieval include…
–the library's catalog,
–subject classification (for example, Dewey
Decimal Classification),
–ordered arrangement of books on the shelf,
and
–bibliographies and indexes for subject
areas covered by the collection.
 Each of these tools can be both
COMPUTERIZED and MANUAL
(non-computerized).

5.  Information is always stored so that it
is retrieved when needed.
 So, information should be stored in a
way that it can be retrieved
economically when needed.
PURPOSE OF STORING DATA

6. Example …
 a decision is made to acquire a book by a
library
 its bibliographic information is prepared
in according to specific standards.
 this information can be multiply used
–for placing order,
–for cataloguing and classification,
–for reference service

7.  Preparing Database is the best way to
store a document or piece of information.
 The information once stored in computer
need not to be repeatedly input.
 Databases are stored according to a
prescribe standard.
 Storage standard have been developed to
exercise online, access to difference
databases.
COMPUTERIZED STORAGE

8.  Now-a-days all academic libraries and
some public libraries have computer-
based online public access catalogues that
provide users with retrieval capabilities
 they have computer-based shelf lists that
identify where books are stored,
 they provide access to a wide range of
computer-based reference retrieval
services.

9. 1. Selecting and acquiring the source data
2. Establishing a vocabulary of terms for
describing them
3. Assigning terms to each specific data item
4. Arranging assigned terms in formats to create
records
5. Establishing an organization of these records
into files,
6. Creating means for access to the records by
various criteria.
INFORMATION STORAGE STEPS

10.  REMEMBER that THE PURPOSE OF
STORING DATA IS RETRIEVAL; i.e. the
stored data will need to be retrieved at some
future date.
 Steps involved in retrieval of information are...
– use terms from the vocabulary to input
request
– Search the file and match requests with
stored records
– Retrieve and present the results.
INFORMATION RETRIEVAL STEPS

11. Computer systems have been developed
 to provide rapid access
 to large amounts of information stored
on computer,
 with easy communication
 between the system and its user
Computerized Information Systems &
Role of Human

12. However, these systems still RELY ON
HUMAN SKILLS….
to acquire the source documents,
to analyze and classify their contents,
and
To formulate requests for
information.
Computerized Information Systems &
Role of Human

13.  There are Five types of Information storage
and retrieval (ISAR) systems.
1. Database Systems
2. Reference Retrieval Systems
3. Document Retrieval Systems
4. Text Retrieval Systems
5. Image Retrieval Systems
Types of Information Storage and
Retrieval (ISAR) Systems

14.  The most fundamental system is the database
system,
 All others are simply special cases of it, differing
in the kinds of data and complexity of processing
but comprises of the same components.
 Users:
– Federal & local govt. agencies
– Scientific research organizations
– Academic institutions (e.g. libraries, exam system)
– Engineering companies
– Business organizations
1. Database Systems

15. Example: (Library Database)
 Collect source data
 Data may be related to
– Library Materials (books, CDs, journals,
magazines…etc.),
– its users (name, designation…),
– vendors & booksellers,
– Budget
– E.g. data for books include its bibliographic
details (such as author, title, edition, place,
publisher, year of publication)

16.  All data can be stored in an integrated database
system for processing and later for retrieval.
 This data once stored can be used for ordering,
cataloguing, indexing, and circulation.

17. 2. Reference Retrieval Systems
 A reference retrieval system is a database
system storing references to documents.
 Data will include terms descriptive of content,
on which retrieval will be based;
 Abstracts may be included.
 Records identify where a source document can
then found by a retrieval system for delivery to
the requester.

18.  Examples
–MEDLINE (Medical Online)
–OCLC (Online Computer Library Center)
–RLIN (Research Libraries Information
Network)
–AGRICOLA (Agricultural Online Access)
 Databases in CD-ROMs

19. 3.Document Retrieval Systems
 A document retrieval system combines a
reference database system with the ability to
retrieve desired document pages, as texts,
images, and to print or display them.
 Library of bound books and journals are
examples of manual document retrieval
system.
 Document is identified by document number
and its location.

20.  The Storage Medium may be
– printed pages,
– photographic film,
– optical disks (CD-ROMs)
– magnetic tapes (audio tapes)
– disks (hard disk)
 A CD-ROM can contain a large amount of
data i.e. it can store 2,000 or more books in
digital format and can be used frequently.

21.  Use the text as the basis for the retrieval. i.e.
data is in sentence/paragraph form.
 This is an integral part of several "full text
retrieval” services in fields such as law.
 A dictionary is stored in computer memory to
describe alternative meanings.
 Hyperlinks are used to direct to other relevant
sources.
4.Text Retrieval Systems

22.  Use images as the basis for retrieval process.
 Example is Word processing for the creation of
image files and for applications of digitized
image processing in every …
– Commercial enterprise,
– Academic discipline, and
– Creative activity-from the storage of business
document radiology
– Computer-aided design and manufacturing
– Cartooning.
5. Image Retrieval Systems

23.  Record formats are complicated in image-
processing systems
 Image-processing systems require …
– scanning equipment to convert source image to
digitized form
– magnetic or optical storage of great capacity
– displays and printers that provide high resolution
and gray scale or color
– a communication equipment with a bandwidth to
handle the amount of data involved in image
transmission

24.  Due to the rapid increase in the amount
of published information or data, managing the
information became more difficult.
 So, to have ready access to information
required the development of cost-effective
computer-storage systems.
 Fortunately, the "information technologies",-
computers related forms and data storage and
display, and telecommunication- have
provided the means for meeting those needs.
CONCLUSION

25. THANK YOU
By: Huma Malik
Librarian, Preston University, Islamabad
MLIS-AIOU SPRING 2013 WORKSHOP